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英语 第6讲 虚拟语气在写作中的应用 一、魔法导航 虚拟语气是写作的“独门暗器”,能为写作增添一道亮丽的风景线。下面把 在写作中容易把握的几种虚拟语气的形式做一下简要总结以帮助同学们在以 后的作文中灵活、熟练地运用这一高级形式。 (一)虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的应用: 1.与现在事实相反:从句采用“If+主语+动词的过去式(be的形式一律用 were)”的形式,主句采用“主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形”的形 式。 典句引领 If I were a bird now, I could fly freely in the sky. 如果现在我是一只小鸟,我就能自由地在空中飞翔。 ——虚实结合,独领风骚 雕词琢句 If there were no exams now, (我们会过一种更幸福的学校生活).
答案 we would live a happier school life 2.与过去事实相反:从句采用“If+主语+had+动词的过去分词”的形式,主句采 用“主语+would/should/could/might+ have done”的形式。 典句引领 If I had taken his advice,I wouldn't have missed such a wonderful film.
如果我听了他的建议,我就不会错过这么精彩的一部电影了。 雕词琢句 If I had formed a good habit of reciting something then (我 就能够在英语学习方面取得更大的进步了).(2017江西) 答案 I could have made more progress in the English study.
3.与将来事实相反:主句采用“主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形”的 形式,而从句有三种形式:if+主语+动词的过去式;if+主语+were to do;if+主语+ should do。 典句引领 If it were to rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 如果明天下雨,我们就不去登山了。 雕词琢句 如果你能给我提供一些如何更好地理解它们的建议,我将非常感激。 (2015四 川)
答案 I would appreciate it if you could give me some advice on how to under- stand them better. (二)虚拟语气在含蓄条件句中的应用: 有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来,而是通过上下文或介词短语等表 示出来。常用的介词(短语)有without,but for和副词otherwise等。 典句引领 But for their help, I couldn't have got in touch with Professor Smith last week.
要不是他们的帮助,上周我就不能和史密斯教授取得联系了。 雕词琢句 (1)Without them, people (不能享受和谐) or the country would be in chaos.(2015江苏) 答案 could not enjoy harmony
(2)昨天他们帮助了我。否则,我就不能按时完成任务了。
答案 They helped me yesterday. Otherwise I could not have finished the task
on time. (三)虚拟语气在某些从句中的应用: 1.用于wish后的宾语从句中:与现在的事实相反,从句谓语动词用were或动词 的过去式;与过去事实相反,从句谓语动词用“had+过去分词”;表示将来没有 把握或不太可能实现的愿望,从句谓语动词用“would+动词原形”。 典句引领 Actually, how I wish I could often raise questions in class. 事实上,我多么希望自己在课上能经常提出问题呀。 雕词琢句 I wish ① (我没有错过出国学习的机会) last year;I wish ② (我在美国学习) now;I wish③ (我能够在美国找一份好工 作) after graduation next year. 答案 ①I hadn't missed the chance to go abroad for study ②I were studying in America ③ I would find a good job in America 2.在suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, recommend, require, de- cide, insist, desire, urge等动词后的宾语从句中表示愿望、建议、 命令、要求 等语气时谓语动词使用“should+动词原形”的形式,should可以省略。另外, 在上述动词相关名词的名词性从句中,谓语动词也常用“should+动词原形” 的形式。 典句引领 My teacher suggests that we should learn to handle conflicts calmly and wisely.
老师建议我们应该学会冷静、理智地处理冲突。 雕词琢句 (1)In order to settle the tough problem, I recommend that those caught doing such things (阅读一本鼓舞人心的书) every month and share it with all the other students. (2015广东) 答案 should read an inspiring book (2)When it comes to improving Mandarin, my advice is that (你应 该每天听普通话)and practice speaking it whenever possible. (2015四川) 答案 you should listen to Mandarin every day (3)我建议你和一些中国学生交朋友,他们会帮助你学习普通话(Mandarin)。(2 015四川)
答案 I suggest/advise that you should make friends with some Chinese stu- dents, who can help you learn Mandarin. 3.在would rather后的宾语从句中,谓语用一般过去时虚拟现在或将来的情况; 用过去完成时虚拟过去的情况。 典句引领 I would rather you had come here to spend the holiday with me last month. 我宁愿上个月你来这儿和我共度假期。 雕词琢句 如果有可能,我宁愿明天去北京。
答案 If possible, I would rather I went to Beijing tomorrow. 4.在 “ It is (high) time + that从句” 中,谓语动词常用过去式或“should+动词 原形”表示虚拟语气。 典句引领 It's high time that we made the public realize the importance of saving energy. 我们该让公众意识到节能的重要性了。 雕词琢句 我们该采取有效措施控制污染了。
答案 It's high time that we took effective measures to control pollution.
二、学以致用 1.完美文章 结合括号中的提示,用合适的虚拟语气形式完成下面的文章。 I'm Li Hua.Do you still remember me? I studied in your school for six months a couple of years ago. I'm very grateful for your help during my study in the U.S.Without your help,(1) (我的英语不可能提高得那么快) and (2) (我也不 可能那么享受我在那儿的生活). Do you know how everything is going with Mr.Smith? I failed to contact him af- ter I left America.I'd appreciate it(3) (如果你能给我他的电邮地 址或电话号码).I remember that you are very interested in Chinese culture. If you are free during this winter holiday,how I wish (4) (你能在春节来中 国体验中国文化).I'm sure it will be an unforgettable trip.I would be very happy (5) (如果你能接受我的邀请). I am looking forward to hearing from you. 答案 (1)my English couldn't have improved so quickly (2)I couldn't have enjoyed my life there so much,either (3)if you could offer me his e-mail address or telephone number (4)you would come to China during the Spring Festival to experience Chinese cul- ture
(5)if you were to accept my invitation 2.话题写作 [本期话题] 计划与愿望 [写作要求] 至少运用三种虚拟语气形式。 根据下面的信息提示,以“Fancy yourself as a billionaire”为主题写一篇80词 左右的英语短文。 1.为父母买一座房子,让他们幸福地生活; 2.为慈善组织捐款,帮助残疾儿童; 3.建立一个专门的组织,致力于保护环境; 4.建一所设备先进的学校,让贫困儿童接受良好的教育。
答案 One possible version: If I were a billionaire, I would do various meaningful things. Firstly, I would buy a house and let my parents live a happy life. Without their help and encourage- ment, I couldn't have achieved so great a success. Secondly, I would donate much money to the charity to help those disabled children. Thirdly, I would rather set a special organization focusing on protecting the environment. I think it's high time that we did something about it. Lastly, I would build a school equipped with ad- vanced facilities for those poor children.
三、美文赏读 (2015安徽) 某英文杂志正在举办以“Fancy yourself as an interviewer”为主题的征文活 动,请你以“A Famous Chinese I Would Like to Interview”为题,写一篇英语短 文。 内容包括: 1.采访的对象; 2.采访的原因; 3.想提的问题。 注意: 1.词数120左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯; 3.短文中不能出现与本人相关的信息; 4.短文的标题已给出,不计入总词数。 [我来试写] A Famous Chinese I Would Like to Interview
答案 One possible version: A Famous Chinese I Would Like to Interview The person I would like to interview is Yang Liwei. I would really like to interview him because he is not only the first Chinese to go to space but also one of the greatest astronauts in the world.I have long been inter- ested in space exploration and I believe I can learn a great deal from him about it. ①If I could interview him,I would ask him what made him an astronaut and how he was trained. I would also like to know how he felt in space and whether space travel is such great fun as I have read.Finally, I would like to ask a few questions about his personal life,which must be very interesting. ②How I wish I were an as- tronaut like him. 【写作点评】 文中①—②处虚拟语气的使用清楚表达了作者的愿望,展示了作者灵活驾驭 语言的能力,增添了文章亮点。