译林卷区版
英语 第10讲
常用时态在写作中的应用 ——选准时机，表达清晰 一、魔法导航 时态错误是学生在英语书面表达中经常出现的问题之一。在写作中选择合适 的时态对于保证语言的准确和清晰起着非常重要的作用。 投“时”问路 在写作中常用的时态主要有一般过去时、过去进行时、一般现在时、现在进 行时、现在完成时、一般将来时,大家应对这几种时态的用法熟记于心并在 实践中力求熟能生巧。 1.一般过去时:表示过去某个时间发生的动作、存在的状态或过去习惯性的动 作。一般过去时不强调动作对现在的影响,只说明过去的情况。 雕词琢句 (1)On May 12, 2008, (一场地震几乎破坏了学校里的所有东西), leaving the buildings badly-damaged.
答案 a earthquake destroyed almost everything in the school
(2)听到他说的话,我抑制不住自己的眼泪。(2015湖南)
答案 When hearing what he said, I couldn't hold back my tears.
2.过去进行时:表示过去某时正在进行的动作或状态。 雕词琢句 (1)Last Monday, (我们正在上语文课) when the teacher suddenly slipped and fell.
答案 we were having our Chinese class (2)老师进入教室的时候,我正在玩电脑游戏。(2015重庆)
答案 When the teacher entered the classroom, I was playing computer games.
3.一般现在时:表示现在经常、反复发生的动作、存在的状态或习惯性的动 作。 雕词琢句 (1)But I have some difficulties with note-taking and (我不知道如 何使用图书馆).
答案 I have no idea how to use the library (2)在我们的文化中它是一个为老人设立的日子。(2015课标全国Ⅱ)
答案 It is a day for the elderly in our culture.
4.现在进行时:表示现在或当前一段时间正在进行的动作。 雕词琢句 I (现在给你写信) to draw your attention to some improper behav- ior among us students: littering and scribbling.
答案 am writing 5.现在完成时:用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却 和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在。 雕词琢句 (1)Years of school life (已经教给了我很多东西), of which team- work is the most important for me.
答案 has taught me a lot of things
(2)在几项英语活动中,我已经成功地向她伸出援手。(2017陕西)
答案 Successfully, I have lent a helping hand to her in several English activi ties.
6.一般将来时:表示将来某一时刻要发生的动作或存在的状态,或将来某一段 时间内经常发生的动作或存在的状态。 雕词琢句 (1)We are very glad to know that (你将在6月26日来我们学校), and now it's my pleasure to introduce our school to you.
答案 you'll come to our school on June 26th (2)今年七月参加夏令营的时候我们将带着这些书到你们学校。(2015天津)
答案 We will take the books to your school when participating in the summer
camp this July. 时态选秀 尽管时态的使用千变万化,但在书面表达中却“有章可循、有律可遵”,现总 结如下: 1.叙事主要用一般过去时。 雕词琢句 Last weekend, (我父母和我一块儿到桂林去旅游),where we spent a happy time together and learned more about local traditions and culture.
答案 my parents as well as I went on a trip to Guilin 2.表述观点或议论文中主要使用一般现在时。 雕词琢句 Personally, (我更喜欢在团队里工作), which offers me a chance to learn how to get along with others and to share my experiences with them.
答案 I prefer to work in a team 3.说明文主要使用一般现在时。 雕词琢句 Every student can do something for our environment in daily life. For example, remember to turn off the lights in time (晚上在你离开教室之前). 答案 before you leave the classroom in the evening
4.介绍客观情况常用一般现在时。 雕词琢句 The survey shows that half of the girls choose film and TV stars as their idols, while (48%的男孩子选择体育明星). 答案 48% of the boys choose sports stars
二、学以致用 1.完美文章 根据所给提示完成下面短文,注意时态。 Located beside the Yangtze River,my hometown is a beautiful place now.In the past,(1) (它是个贫穷的村庄,在那里人们过着艰难的生 活). However,(2) (在过去的20年里发生了巨大的变化) here, thanks to the good policy of the Party.To begin with,a large number of new hous- es have been set up which are equipped with modern appliances such as comput- ers,fridges,TV sets,washing machines and so on.What's more,there is a large su- permarket in it,(3) (那里有人们需要的各种各样的商品). Much to our delight,(4) (一所更大的学校正在建设当中). There is no doubt that (5) (孩子们将会接受更好的教育)by the time it has been put into use,because lots of modern teaching facilities will be used in the new school,(6) (它们将帮助老师使课堂变得生 动有趣). Such is my hometown (7) (在这里所有的人们正过着幸福 的生活).And I am sure(8) (它将会变成一个更加迷人和舒 适的地方) to live in with the development of economy and society as well. 答案 (1)it was a poor village where people led a hard life (2)in the past twenty years great changes have taken place
(3)where there are varieties of goods that people need (4)a much bigger school is being built (5)the children will receive a better education (6)which will help teachers make their classes lively and interesting (7)where all the people are living a happy life (8)it will become a more charming and comfortable place
2.话题写作 [本期话题] 书信交流 [写作要求] 正确使用时态进行短文写作。 根据下面的信息提示,写一篇70词左右的英语短文。 1.我是四川的一名学生李华,从小就是一名大熊猫爱好者; 2.三年前,我很高兴得知大熊猫白云生了它的女儿苏林; 3.在你们网站上我一直关注着苏林的成长; 4.得知它在你们动物园生活得非常好,我很高兴; 5.明年夏天我去美国的时候要去动物园看它; 6.非常感谢你们为照顾大熊猫付出的劳动。
答案 One possible version: I am Li Hua, a student in Sichuan. I have been a panda lover since I was a child. Three years ago I was delighted to learn that Baiyun gave birth to her daughter Sulin and I have been watching her growth on your website. When learning Sulin is living well in your zoo now, I am very happy. I will visit her when I go to America next summer.
Thank you very much for your caring for the pandas.
三、美文赏读 (2017山东) 某英文报社组织题为“我喜欢的英语谚语”征文活动,你有意参加。请从下 面两句谚语中任选一句作为标题写一篇英语作文,内容须包括:1.该谚语的含 义;2.体现该谚语含义的个人经历。 ①A friend in need is a friend indeed.
②Where there's a will,there's a way. 注意: 1.词数120~150; 2.文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称。 参考词汇: 谚语 proverb
[我来试写]
答案 One possible version: Where there is a will,there is a way. I first saw this sentence when I entered junior high school.The moment I came in- to the classroom,I saw the sentence on the blackboard. I like the proverb because it tells a valuable philosophy of life.Achieving our
goals is always not easy,but if we have a strong will,we are sure to realize them. Once I was not good at English.I didn't know enough English words and my grammar was also poor,which really made me upset.Fortunately,my English teacher noticed my bad situation and said to me,“Don't lose heart.Remember: where there is a will,there is a way.” Suddenly,I was reminded of the sentence on the blackboard. From then on,I had worked hard on my English and it finally paid off.My English improved a lot,and more importantly,I gained much confidence. 【写作点评】 本文根据行文的需要,恰当地运用了一般过去时、一般现在时等时态,准确地 表达了句意,出色地完成了写作任务。