定语从句
一、用适当的介词＋关系代词完成句子。
1.I need to call my friend Mary, ________ ________ the book was left in my office.
答案 of whom
2.Eric received training in computer for one year, ________ ________ he found a job in a big company.
答案 after which
3.A lot of clubs have been organized in the school, ________ ________ students can get enriched and improve themselves.
答案 in which
4.The place ________ ________ the bridge is supposed to be built should be where the crossriver traffic is the heaviest.
答案 at which
5. Mark was a student at this university from 2002 to 2006, ________ ________ ________ he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students' Union.
答案 during which time
6.Walkers can unconsciously damage the fragile environment ________ ________ the birds live.
答案 in which
7.This was returned because the person ________ ________ this letter was addressed had died three years ago.
答案 to whom
8.This is my pair of glasses, ________ ________ I cannot see clearly.
答案 without which
9.The letter ________ ________ he has been waiting is from his former head teacher.
答案 for which
10. Have you ever dreamed of playing in front of thousands of people at a concert, ________ ________ everyone is clapping and appreciating your music？
答案 at which
二、下列句子中均有一处关系词使用错误，请改正。
1.This is the hospital when her sister had an operation.
答案 when→where
2.The whole city, 75% of its factories and buildings were gone, lay in ruins.
答案 its→whose
3.Can you think of some cases in that drivers obviously knew the traffic rules but didn't obey them？
答案 that→which
4.There are two lakes, where cover nearly one thousand square kilometers.
答案 where→which
5.The yellow house which windows face south is the place where I spent my childhood.
答案 which→whose
6.Everyone has periods in their lives that everything seems very hard.
答案 that→when或during which
7.John once talked to his mom about the people and cities which he had visited abroad.
答案 which→that
8.Those which were trapped under the ruins finally got rescued.
答案 which→who
9.The couple will fly to France for their honeymoon on their first stop, which they plan to stay for three days.
答案 which→where或在其前加in
10.I gave that boy so difficult a math problem which he couldn't work out.
答案 which→as
三、根据句意用适当的定语从句的关系词填空。
1.He returned to his hometown ________ he lived with his family after graduating from the university.
答案 where
2.In a sports team each player has a clear role, and there are few occasions ________ members are confused or uncertain of their roles.
答案 when
3.I don't know the reason ________ you lied to your parents, but you'd better explain.
答案 why
4.I will never forget the three years ________ I spent in the junior middle school.
答案 that/which
5.The audience, most of ________ were students, were very excited to see Li Yang performing on the stage.
答案 whom
6.I have lost a book ________ title escapes me at the moment.
答案 whose
7.We are likely drawn to those ________ have a good opinion of us.
答案 who
8.Li Jiacheng, for ________ life had once been very hard, got success and became the richest man in China.
答案 whom
9.Respecting others' property and personal space, ________ is the foundation to maintain peace in the dormitory, should be obeyed.
答案 which
10.The number of the young people in the United States ________ can't read is large.
答案 who/that
11.His brother, ________ is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college.
答案 who
12.He set free the birds happily, ________ was a celebration for his success.
答案 which
13.There seems to be nothing ________ seems impossible for him in the world.
答案 that
14.In a situation ________ two teams are equally matched, the field advantage becomes a factor.
答案 where
15.He has been to Paris several times, ________ I don't believe.
答案 which
四、语法填空
(2016·吉林长春质监)
A man went to a barbershop to have his hair cut. As soon as the barber began to work, they started chatting. They talked __1__ so many things and various subjects. When they __2__ (final) touched on the subject of God, the barber said: “I don't believe that God exists.”
“Why do you say that？” asked the customer.
“Well, you just have to go out in __3__ street to prove that. Tell me, if God existed, would there be so many sick people? Would there be abandoned children? If God existed, there __4__ be neither suffering nor pain. I can't imagine __5__ (love) a God who would allow all of these things to happen.”
The customer thought for a moment, but didn't respond because he didn't want to start an __6__ (argue). After everything __7__ (do) and just after he left the barber's, he saw a man in the street with long dirty hair. The customer entered the barber's again and said, “You know what? __8__ do not exist.”
“How can you say that？” asked the surprised barber. “I am here, and I am a barber. And I just __9__ (work) on you！”
“No！” the customer said. “Barbers don't exist because __10__ they did, there would be no people with long dirty hair, like that man outside.”
答案与解析
语篇解读 本文是一个小故事，讲述的是一位男士到理发店去理发时发生的事。
1.about 考查介词。talk about sth.表示“讨论某事”，为固定搭配。
2.finally 考查词类转换。修饰动词touched应用final的副词形式finally。
3.the 考查冠词。in the street表示“在街上”，为固定搭配。
4.would/should/could/might 考查虚拟语气。此处虚拟条件句表示对现在的虚拟，主句谓语形式为“would/could/might/should＋动词原形”。
5.loving 考查固定用法。imagine doing sth.表示“想象做某事”。
6.argument 考查词类转换。根据前面的不定冠词an可知，此处需要用名词argument。
7.was done 考查动词的时态和语态。由后面的left可知，此处应用一般过去时，又因do和everything是动宾关系，故填was done。
8.Barbers 考查语境理解。由“I am here, and I am a barber...”可知填Barbers。
9.worked 考查动词的时态和语态。“我”刚刚给你理了头发。此处是描述过去发生的事，故应用一般过去时。I与work为主谓关系，故填worked。
10.if 考查连词。if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”。
五、阅读理解
(2015·四川卷)
Their cheery song brightens many a winter's day. But robins are in danger of wearing themselves out by singing too much. Robins are singing all night—as well as during the day, Britishbased researchers say.
David Dominoni, of Glasgow University, said that light from street lamps, takeaway signs and homes is affecting the birds' biological clocks, leading to them being wide awake when they should be asleep.
Dr Dominoni, who is putting cameras inside nesting boxes to track sleeping patterns, said lack of sleep could put the birds' health at risk. His study shows that when robins are exposed to light at night in the lab, it leads to some genes being active at the wrong time of day. And the more birds are exposed to light, the more active they are at night.
He told people at a conference, “There have been a couple of studies suggesting they are increasing their song output at night and during the day they are still singing. Singing is a costly behaviour and it takes energy. So by increasing their song output, there might be some costs of energy.”
And it is not just robins that are being kept awake by artificial light. Blackbirds and seagulls are also being more nocturnal. Dr Dominoni said, “In Glasgow where I live, gulls are a serious problem. I have people coming to me saying ‘You are the bird expert. Can you help us kill these gulls？’. During the breeding (繁殖) season, between April and June, they are very active at night and very noisy and people can't sleep.”
Although Dr Dominoni has only studied light pollution, other research concluded that robins living in noisy cities have started to sing at night to make themselves heard over loud noise.
However, some birds thrive (兴旺) in noisy environments. A study from California Polytechnic State University found more hummingbirds in areas with heavy industrial machinery. It is thought that they are capitalising on their predators (天敌) fleeing to quieter areas.
语篇解读 本文是一篇研究类文章。夜间灯光及嘈杂的城市环境导致知更鸟整夜长鸣，这不仅会消耗它们的能量，而且对它们的健康有害。
1.According to Dr Dominoni's study, what causes robins to sing so much？
A. The breeding season.
B. The light in modern life.
C. The dangerous environment.
D. The noise from heavy machinery.
答案与解析 B 考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“light from street lamps, takeaway signs and homes is affecting the birds' biological clocks, leading to them being wide awake when they should be asleep”可知答案为B。
2.What is the researchers' concern over the increase of birds' song output？
A. The environment might be polluted.
B. The birds' health might be damaged.
C. The industry cost might be increased.
D. The people's hearing might be affected.
答案与解析 B 考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“But robins are in danger of wearing themselves out by singing too much”及第四段中的最后一句可知答案为B。
3.What does the underlined word “nocturnal” in Paragraph 5 mean？
A. Active at night.
B. Inactive at night.
C. Active during the day.
D. Inactive during the day.
答案与解析 A 考查词义猜测。根据画线词所在段中的“being kept awake”及“During the breeding (繁殖) season, between April and June, they are very active at night”可知，nocturnal的意思应是“夜间活动的”，故选A。
4.Why do some birds thrive in noisy environments？
A. Because there are fewer dangers.
B. Because there is more food to eat.
C. Because there is less light pollution.
D. Because there are more places to take shelter.
答案与解析 A 考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“It is thought that they are capitalising on their predators (天敌) fleeing to quieter areas”可推知A项正确。
六、短文改错
(2016·江西九江统考)
One day, I saw a poster which reads that a speech contest with the topic “honesty” would be held at the lecture hall the next Saturday morning.
With my parents' encourage, I joined in the contest. At first I felt at loss about my speech draft. After referred to some magazines, I got down to my draft. Having tailored it for several time, I practiced my speech at home every day. My parents were more than pleased to see us so devoted.
Then came the day for my speech. A few bit nervous as I was, I managed to deliver my speech fluently. I've learned a lot of from the contest. Confidence comes hand to hand with adequate preparations. Well prepared, I can do everything successful.
答案
One day, I saw a poster which
that a speech contest with the topic “honesty” would be held at the lecture hall the next Saturday morning.
With my parents' ， I joined in the contest. At first I felt at
loss about my speech draft. After
to some magazines, I got down to my draft. Having tailored it for several ， I practiced my speech at home every day. My parents were more than pleased to see
so devoted. Then came the day for my speech. A few
little或few bit nervous as I was, I managed to deliver my speech fluently. I've learned a lot of
from the contest. Confidence comes hand
hand with adequate preparations. Well prepared, I can do everything .