连词及状语从句
一、用适当的状语从句的引导词填空。
1.I didn't realize how special my mother was ________ I became an adult.
答案 until
2.The thief stole the old man's purse and walked away calmly, ________ he didn't do anything wrong.
答案 as if/though
3.The police officers in our city work hard ________ the rest of us can live a safe life.
答案 in order that/so that
4.No sooner had he finished his speech ________ the students started cheering.
答案 than
5.The engineers are so busy that they have no time for outdoor sports activities, ________ they have the interest.
答案 even if/though/although
6.Hard ________ my brother studied, he wasn't qualified enough for a good university.
答案 as
7.Please arrange an interview with the manager tomorrow, or ________ it is convenient to him.
答案 whenever
8.To such a degree was he excited ________ he couldn't sleep last night.
答案 that
9.Failure can make a positive contribution to your life ________ you learn to use it.
答案 once/if
10.He was so worried ________ sweat began to pour down his face.
答案 that
二、请改正下列状语从句的错误引导词。每句一处错误。
1.The old man always enjoys swimming as though the weather is rough.
答案 as though→even though或去掉as
2.If they go or stay, it makes no odds.
答案 If→Whether
3.He placed a marker wherever the ball had landed.
答案 wherever→where
4.He looked disgustingly healthy while he got back from the Bahamas.
答案 while→when
5.In order whether every student might understand it, the teacher explained that passage again and again.
答案 whether→that
6.I find it hard to work at home because of there are too many distractions.
答案 去掉of
7.Whatever cold it was, he never stopped taking outdoor exercise.
答案 Whatever→However
8.Now when the problem has been identified, appropriate action can be taken.
答案 when→that
9.You must attend the meeting if it is inconvenient to you.
答案 if→unless
10.No matter what hard he tried, he could not change her mind.
答案 what→how
三、根据汉语提示，用句末括号内的英语单词完成句子。
1.—What's your plan for this summer vacation？
—I'll take an express train to Dalian for my holiday ________.(immediately)
——这个暑假你的计划是什么？
——学校一放假我就坐特快列车到大连去度假。
答案 immediately school ends
2.________，they began to study attentively.(the moment)
学生们一走进教室就开始认真学习。
答案 The moment the students came into the classroom
3.They flew there ________ to attend the opening ceremony.(in order that)
他们飞往那里以便能及时参加开幕典礼。
答案 in order that they might be in time
4.________ your determination，you should act.(now that)
你既然表示了决心，就应该见之于行动。
答案 Now that you have expressed
5.________，there will be no going back.(once)
他一旦作出决定，就没法回头了。
答案 Once his decision is made
6.—Does your father smoke？
—No，it's two years ________.(since)
——你爸爸抽烟吗？
——不抽，他已经戒烟两年了。
答案 since he smoked
7.The world is full of wonders，________.(only if)
只有睁开双眼去看，我们才会发现这个世界充满了奇迹。
答案 only if we open our eyes to see it
8.He is very careful and always leaves things ________.(where)
他非常谨慎，总是把东西放在能很容易再次找到的地方。
答案 where he can find them easily again
9.________ we may meet in our life，we should face it bravely.(however)
不管在生活中我们可能遇到多大的挑战，我们都应该勇敢面对。
答案 However great a challenge
10.Hardly had I caught sight of my friend ________ though I hadn't seen him for 10 years.(when)
虽然10年没见我的朋友了，但我一眼就认出他了。
答案 when I recognized him
四、语法填空
(2016·河南洛阳统考)
How do learning habits influence learning results? It's useful and necessary to discuss learning habits. There is a famous __1__ (say) “Good habits lead to good endings”， which shows the importance of habits.
“An apple a day keeps the doctor away” also __2__ (show) a healthy everyday habit helps to build up our body. Thus, good learning habits can help us gain great learning results, high scores and abundant knowledge __3__ (include). At first, learning habits form our ways of thinking and attitudes __4__ the content of our learning. __5__ (obvious), a good habit can help us to speed up to reach our destinations. As we can see, developing a good habit is so important that I would like to introduce one kind of good learning habits—keeping __6__ learning diary every day. We can start the habit by __7__ (write) a learning summary and remember to record something impressive and meaningful. Keep it in mind, __8__ gradually we will gain this good learning habit and benefit from it.
What's __9__ (much), I find out that I still have some bad learning habits __10__ well. I can only concentrate on reading for a short time, and I will conquer this problem by spending more efforts on concentration practice.
I believe that through my efforts, I can gain good learning results by having good habits.
答案与解析
语篇解读 学习习惯会影响学习效果，本文就如何养成良好的学习习惯给我们提出了建议。
1.saying 考查词类转换。由不定冠词a可知此处应用saying(谚语，格言)。
2.shows 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；句子的主语为“An apple a day keeps the doctor away”，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，且主语与show为主谓关系，故填shows。
3.included 考查过去分词。high scores and abundant knowledge included为独立主格结构，作状语，high scores and abundant knowledge和include之间为动宾关系。
4.to/towards 考查介词。attitude to/towards表示“对……的态度”。
5.Obviously 考查词类转换。根据句子结构可知，此处应用副词作状语。
6.a 考查固定搭配。keep a diary表示“记日记”。
7.writing 考查动名词。by为介词，后接动名词作宾语。
8.and 考查固定句型。“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”为固定句型，and表示正向结果。
9.more 考查固定词组。what's more表示“而且”。
10.as 考查固定搭配。as well表示“也，还”。
五、阅读理解
(2015·北京卷)
Life in the Clear
Transparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window. These animals typically live between the surface of the ocean and a depth of about 3,300 feet—as far as most light can reach. Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch. Sonke Johnsen, a scientist in biology, says, “These animals live through their life alone. They never touch anything unless they're eating it, or unless something is eating them.”
And they are as clear as glass. How does an animal become seethrough? It's trickier than you might think.
The objects around you are visible because they interact with light. Light typically travels in a straight line. But some materials slow and scatter (散射) light, bouncing it away from its original path. Others absorb light, stopping it dead in its tracks. Both scattering and absorption make an object look different from other objects around it, so you can see it easily.
But a transparent object doesn't absorb or scatter light, at least not very much. Light can pass through it without bending or stopping. That means a transparent object doesn't look very different from the surrounding air or water. You don't see it—you see the things behind it.
To become transparent, an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light. Living materials can stop light because they contain pigments (色素) that absorb specific colors of light. But a transparent animal doesn't have pigments, so its tissues won't absorb light. According to Johnsen, avoiding absorption is actually easy. The real challenge is preventing light from scattering.
Animals are built of many different materials—skin, fat, and more—and light moves through each at a different speed. Every time light moves into a material with a new speed, it bends and scatters. Transparent animals use different tricks to fight scattering. Some animals are simply very small or extremely flat. Without much tissue to scatter light, it is easier to be seethrough. Others build a large, clear mass of nonliving jellylike (果冻状的) material and spread themselves over it.
Larger transparent animals have the biggest challenge, because they have to make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as much as water does. They need to look uniform. But how they're doing it is still unknown. One thing is clear: for these larger animals, staying transparent is an active process. When they die, they turn a nontransparent milky white.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文，向读者介绍了透明的动物，并解释了它们透明的原因。
1.According to Paragraph 1, transparent animals ________.
A. stay in groups
B. can be easily damaged
C. appear only in deep ocean
D. are beautiful creatures
答案与解析 B 考查细节理解。根据文章第一段第三句话“Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch”可知透明的动物很容易被伤害，故答案为B项。
2.The underlined word “dead” in Paragraph 3 means ________.
A. silently
B. gradually
C. regularly
D. completely
答案与解析 D 考查词义猜测。根据第三段中第四句话前半句其他的动物吸收光，可以猜出后面是完全地阻止光的传播，画线单词的意思应为“完全地”，故答案为D项。
3.One way for an animal to become transparent is to ________.
A. change the direction of light travel
B. gather materials to scatter light
C. avoid the absorption of light
D. grow bigger to stop light
答案与解析 C 考查细节理解。根据第五段第一句话可知，要想变得透明，动物需要避免它的身体吸收光或散射光，故答案为C项。
4.The last paragraph tells us that larger transparent animals ________.
A. move more slowly in deep water
B. stay seethrough even after death
C. produce more tissues for their survival
D. take effective action to reduce light spreading
答案与解析 D 考查推理判断。根据最后一段可知，较大的动物保持透明是一个积极的过程，而根据前文我们知道保持透明需要减少光的扩散，故答案为D项。
六、短文改错
(2016·辽宁五校高三联考)
This morning, I was jogging in the park when I caught the sight of a wallet on a bench. I picked up and checked the contents. Inside it, I found some money or a card with a phone number. Believe that the owner would be worried, I immediately tried the number. A man answered it in an amazing voice. Hearing that I had his wallet, he sighs with relief and told me he would return right away. Ten minutes late, the man arrived. After confirming he was an owner, I handed the wallet back to him. With his thumb up, he expressed his gratitude to me repeated. Seeing the smile on her face, I felt happy that I was able to help.
答案
This morning, I was jogging in the park when I caught
sight of a wallet on a bench. I picked
up and checked the contents. Inside it, I found some money
a card with a phone number.
that the owner would be worried, I immediately tried the number. A man answered it in an
voice. Hearing that I had his wallet, he
with relief and told me he would return right away. Ten minutes ， the man arrived. After confirming he was
owner, I handed the wallet back to him. With his thumb up, he expressed his gratitude to me . Seeing the smile on
face, I felt happy that I was able to help.