八、被动语态 (二)被动语态的用法 用法 例句 (1)不知道或没必要说明动作的执行者。 Such books are written for children. Printing was introduced into Europe from China. (2)动作的承受者是谈话的中心，或者既关心动作的承受者，又关心动作的执行者。 This song was composed(作曲) by a student.
She is liked by everybody. (3)出于修辞的需要。 He went to the country and was warmly welcomed. (此句使用同一主语，以求简练) 结构 例句 附注 (1)主语＋被动动词 Rice is grown in the south. →People grow rice in the south. (2)主语＋被动动词＋保留宾语(或介词短语) I was given a book (by him). A book was given (to) me (by him). →He gave me a book. 带双宾语的句子变被动语态时，将其中一个宾语变成被动句的主语，另一个宾语置于原来的位置上，称之为“保留宾语”。 （三）被动语态的句型结构 结构 例句 附注 (3)主语＋被动动词＋主补 He will be made our monitor. →We will make him our monitor. He was seen to come this morning. →I saw him come this morning. 主动句中的宾语补足语变成被动句后被称作主语补足语； 在主动句中，不定式在有些动词后作宾补要省to；而变成被动式后，这类不定式随之变成了主补，就要加to。 结构 例句 附注 (4)主语＋情态动词＋被动动词
He should be praised by the teacher.
→The teacher should praise him.
(5)主语＋被动的短语动词
My sister is taken care of by Grandma.
→Grandma takes care of my sister. 短语动词变成被动式后，要保持整体性，不能漏掉介词或副词。
结构 例句 附注 (6)形式主语it＋被动词＋主语从句
It is thought that she is a good teacher.
→Everyone thinks that she is a good teacher.
It was suggested that we should put off the meeting.
→Somebody suggested that we should put off the meeting.
这类句子的被动式实际上就是将主动句中的宾语从句变成主语从句。用于这类结构的谓语动词常见的有：say, think, believe, suppose, report, hope, know, decide, etc.学习时可作句型来记忆：
It is said that...
It is believed that...
It is supposed that...
It is reported that...
It is known that...
结构 例句 附注 (7)主语＋被动动词＋动词不定式
The horse is said to run very fast. →They say that the horse runs very fast.
这一结构实际上是结构(6)的简化。此例即可改成：It is said that the horse runs very fast. 同样，结构(6)的例句1亦可改成She is thought to be a good teacher. 不难理解，(6)(7)结构的互换，就是复合句与简单句的互换。
(四)使用被动语态须注意的问题 注意事项 例 句 只有及物动词和及物动词短语才有被动语态，不及物动词或不及物动词短语无被动语态，常见不及物动词和不及物动词短语有： appear，die，disappear，end (vi.结束)，fail，happen，last，lie，remain，sit，spread，stand，break out，come true，fall asleep，keep silent，lose heart，take place等。
The price has been risen.(×)The price has risen.(√)The price has raised.(×) The price has been raised.(√)The accident was happened last week.(×)
The accident happened last week.(√)Please seat.(×)
Please be seated.(√)This room is belonged to me.(×)This room belongs to me.(√) 注意事项 例 句 表示状态的及物动词，如have，cost，fit，last，own，hold，become等往往不能用于被动语态。
The shirt fits him very well.(√) He is fitted very well by the shirt.(×)
反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。
You must
look after yourself.(√) Yourself
must be looked after.(×) 注意事项 例 句 短语动词作为一个整体转换为被动语态时，后面的介词或副词不能拆开或省略。
All the rubbish should be got rid of. The Child will be taken of by my mother. Such a thing has never been heard of before. 动词(read / write / sell / wash / clean / wear / open / eat / lock/...)＋ 副词(well / badly / easily / smoothly /...)表示主语的属性特征时，用主动形式表被动含义。
This hall measures 100 metres long and 60 metres wide.
This type of car sells well in China.
2．Food can keep fresh in a fridge. 4．This song is well worth listening to. 8．He dislikes being laughed at.