九、主谓一致
主谓一致，即谓语动词在人称和数上必须和主语一致。下面就中学英语所涉及的内容作些介绍。 情况 例句 常 用 单 数
当主语是不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句等时谓语动词用单数
The work is important.
To serve the country is our duty.
代词each以及由every、some、no、any等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含有each、every时谓语动词用单数
Each of the students is working hard at his or her lessons，hoping to go to university.
Each girl and each boy in our class likes sports.
情况 例句 常 用 单 数
表示金钱、时间、价格或度量衡的复数名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数
Ten years is a moment in history.
Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.
Ten thousand dollars is a large sum.
以ics结尾表学科的复形名词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数
Mathematics is my favorite.
Politics is often a topic for discussion among us.
在这样一些短语，如“many a，more than one”所修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。
Many a person has read the novel.
情况 例句 取 意 观 形 定 单 复
“the＋形容词/分词”作主语指“一类”人或事物时，谓语动词常用复数，但若指 “某一个”人或“抽象的”事物时，谓语动词用单数
The poor need help from society.
The agreeable is not always the useful.
当主语是由and并列的两个或两个以上的部分组成时，谓语动词一般都用复数，但如果由and并列的两部分表示的是一个单一的概念，或指同一人或同一物时(and此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词)，谓语动词用单数
Reading and writing are very important.
The iron and steel industry is very important.
情况 例句 取 意 观 形 定 单 复
在“复数名词＋定语从句”中，从句的谓语动词一般用复数，但如果“one”前有“this、the、the only”等词修饰时，定语从句的引导词指代one，作从句主语时，从句谓语动词用单数
This is one of the best novels that have appeared this year.
He was the only one of the boys who was praised.
主语是“a number of(许多)/a variety of(各式各样) ＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数；但 “the number/variety of ＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数
A number of students in this class are from Sichuan.
The number of students in this college has doubled.
There are a variety of toys in this shop.
The variety of goods in this shop is rich.
情况 例句 取 意 观 形 定 单 复
the Olympics作主语，谓语动词用单数；the Olympic Games作主语，谓语动词用复数 The 2017 Olympic Games were considered a big success. The 2017 Olympics was considered a big success.
a pair of shoes / trousers / glasses作主语时，谓语用单数；如果shoes，trousers，glasses作主语时，谓语用复数
A pair of shoes was just what he wanted.
Shoes were just what he wanted.
情况 例句 取 意 观 形 定 单 复
“a＋单数名词＋or two”作主语，谓语用单数形式；“one or two＋复数名词”作主语，谓语用复数形式
An apple or two lies on the desk./ One or two apples lie on the desk.
一两个苹果放在桌子上。
集体名词audience，class，family，team，group等作主语时，若指一个整体，谓语动词用单数，若指具体成员，则用复数。
The class is big.这个班很大。
The class are discussing the plan.这个班的学生正在讨论这个计划。(指该班学生)
情况 例句 邻 近 优 先
当主语由“either...or...”，“neither...nor...”或“not only...but also...”连接时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致
Either you or she is to go.
当主语是由“not A but B” 结构组成时，谓语动词的数取决于B的数
Not you but your brother is to blame.
如果句子是由here、there引导，而主语又不止一个，则谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语一致
There is a pen，a knife and two books on the desk. There are 20 boy students and 23 girl students in the class. Here are two books for you. 情况 例句 向前看主语 当主语后面接有由with、together with、like、except、including、but、no less than、rather than、 as well as等词引导的短语时，谓语动词的数与这些词前面的主语的数保持一致
A woman with children has come. He rather than you is responsible. All but Jane know the secret. The teacher as well as the students likes this painting. 情况 例句 of结构前后观 当主语被half of、part of、most of、two thirds of、the rest of、some of、all of、none of等修饰时，谓语动词通常与of后面的名词、代词保持一致
Most of his time is spent travelling. Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. amount of和quantity of用来修饰名词时，谓语动词要与amount和quantity的数保持一致
Large amounts of water are needed.A large quantity of apples is needed. 情况 例句 of结构前后观 由a kind of，this / that kind of，many / these / those kinds of以及名词＋of this kind和与kind意义相近的sort，type构成的类似短语作主语时，谓语动词与of前的名词的数保持一致
A new type of machine is on show now.
一种新型的机器正在展出。Machines of this type are on show now. 这种类型的机器正在展出。 1．is; are。family在表“家庭”整体时，谓语动词用单数，但若表示“家庭成员”，谓语动词用复数。 2．are。the Olympic Games作主语，谓语动词用复数。 3．is。分数作主语，谓语动词与分数后的名词一致，earth's surface是可数名词单数，所以谓语用单数。表述客观规律、存在时，用一般现在时。 4．are。one or two后加可数名词复数，谓语 动词用复数。 5．hang。这是一个倒装句。句子主语为four lights，所以谓语动词用复数形式。而且hang是不及物动词，不用被动。 6．are。the police在此处强调具体成员；且由后面的形容词性物主代词their可知，谓语动词用复数。 7．is。the rest作主语时，谓语动词的数与其修饰的名词保持一致。 8．has
9.is
10.have
11.has
12.is
13.is
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15.are