十一、虚拟语气 虚拟条件 从句谓语形式 主句谓语形式 例句 与过去事实相反 had＋过去分词 should / would / could / might ＋ have done If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the rain. If we had had time, we would have dropped by.
She would have come if she hadn't
been so busy.
虚拟条件 从句谓语形式 主句谓语形式 例句 与现在事实相反
一般过去时(be用were)
should / would / could / might ＋ 动词原形
If I were you, I would refuse the money.
If we left now, we would arrive in good time.
If there were no gravity, we should not be able to walk.
虚拟条件 从句谓语形式 主句谓语形式 例句 与将来事实相反
一般过去时；
should＋v.；
were to＋v.
should / would / could / might＋动词原形
If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting.
If he would go away, I would be grieved.
If he were to do it, I would do it in a different way.
2.条件从句中使用虚拟语气的注意事项 事项 注意之点 例句 错综时间条件句 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主语表示的行为发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据具体的时间进行调整。 If I were you, I wouldn’t have missed the film last night.
Amy would be alive today if the doctor had come sooner last night.
2.条件从句中使用虚拟语气的注意事项 事项 注意之点 例句 倒装句
条件句中可省略if，把were, had, should提到句首，变成倒装句式。
Had we made adequate preparations, we might have succeeded.
Should Mr.White call, what would you say？ Were you to be fired, your health care and other benefits would not be immediately cut off. 注意：如果省略条件句的谓语动词是否定形式时，不能用动词的缩略形式。 Were it not for the expense, I would go abroad now.(√)
Weren't it for the expense, I would go abroad now.(×)
2.条件从句中使用虚拟语气的注意事项 事项 注意之点 例句 含蓄条件句
1)用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的介词有：with, without, but for。
2)某些副词、连词隐含虚拟条件。
What would you do with a million dollars？( ＝ if you had a million dollars) Without your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time. But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier. I was ill that day.Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.(副词) He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it.(连词) I might have given you more help, but I was too busy.(连词) (三)虚拟语气在其他从句中的运用
类别 解说 例句 在主语从句中 在“It’s ＋形容词(过去分词)＋that...”这类句型里，主语从句中的谓语动词形式不论人称和数，都常用should＋动词原形或者动词原形结构，常用于本句型的形容词有：necessary, important, strange, natural, essential等，另外，表示“提议、要求、命令”等动词的过去分词suggested, ordered, demanded, required, requested, proposed, advised, decided等，也可以这样用。几个常用句型： ① It’s ＋形容词＋that... ② It is suggested / requested / desired / proposed /...that...
It is important that every member (should) inform himself of these rules. 重要的是每个成员应该知道这些规则。 It has been decided that the meeting (should) be put off. 会议已经决定推迟召开。 It is important that we (should) do well in our lessons first. 我们先把功课学好很重要。 It is strange that he (should) not come. 很奇怪，他竟没有来。 (三)虚拟语气在其他从句中的运用
类别 解说 例句 在宾语从句中
用于wish后的宾语从句中，表示说话人认为不可能实现的愿望。① 表示对现在情况的虚拟：从句动词用过去时或过去进行时(be动词一般用were)。② 表示对过去情况的虚拟：从句动词常用“had＋过去分词”。③ 表示对将来的主观愿望：从句谓语动词形式为“should/ might / would / could＋动词原形”。 在suggest, demand, order, propose, insist, command, request, desire等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should ＋ 动词原形”，表示建议、要求、命令等。should可以省略。 I wish I remembered her telephone number. 我希望记得她的电话号码。(实际上不记得) I wish I had gone to see him in the hospital. 我后悔应该去医院看望他的。(实际上没有去看) I wish it would stop raining. 但愿雨能停止。 I wish I could fly to the moon one day. 我希望有一天能够飞往月球。 I demand that he (should) answer me immediately. 我要求他立刻答复我。 We suggested that Tom (should) have a rest. 我们建议Tom 去休息一下。 类别 解说 例句 在宾语从句中
(3)would rather 后面的宾语从句常用虚拟语气。在这种结构中，从句中的谓语动词通常使用过去时表示对现在和将来的虚拟，用过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟。常见动词的巧记口诀：“一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求”。即：①insist ②order, command ③advise, suggest, propose ④demand, require, request, desire 注意：当insist的意思为“坚决认为，坚持说”；suggest的意思为“表明，暗含，暗示”等时，宾语从句一般不用虚拟语气。
The king ordered that the prisoners (should) be killed the next day. 国王下令囚犯明天要实施死刑。 They requested that we (should) send them to work there. 他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。 The teacher advised that we (should) make good use of every minute here. 老师劝我们要好好地利用在这儿的每一分钟。 Tom insisted that he hadn’t stolen the watch. 汤姆坚持说他没有偷那块手表。 His smile suggested that he had succeeded in this exam. 他的微笑表明他在考试中成功了。 I would rather you didn’t make any comment on the issue. 我宁愿目前你不对此事发表任何评论。 I would rather I had seen the film. 我宁愿我已看过了那场电影。 类别 解说 例句 在方式状语从句中
as if / as though
引导的从句所表示的 内容往往不是事实， 常用虚拟语气，其形 式与wish后宾语从句 中的谓语动词相同。 It seems as if it were (was) spring already.
现在仿佛已经是春天了。 He behaved as if nothing had happened. 他装作若无其事的样子。 He spoke to me as if I were (was)
a deaf. 他对我讲话时就像我是聋子似的。
类别 解说 例句 在表语从句和同位语从句中
在表示“意愿、要求、命令、建议”等名词后的表语从句或同位语从句中，谓语动词用“(should)＋动词原形”形式，这类名词有：idea, proposal, suggestion, order, plan, decision, advice, desire, requirement等。 My suggestion is that the old houses (should) be pulled down and rebuilt. 我的建议是那些旧房子应该拆掉重建。 Our plan is that we (should) have a sports meeting next week. 我们的计划是下周召开运动会。 类别 解说 例句 在定语从句中
句型It is (high) time (that)... 所接的从句用虚拟语气，其谓语动词的形式为过去式或should＋动词原形。意思是“是某人该做……的时候了”。 It is time that we went to bed. 是睡觉的时候了。 It is high time that we should put an end to this argument. 我们该结束这场争论了。
类别 解说 例句 表示惊叹
(1)if only 引导的感叹句使用虚拟语气，谓语动词用一般过去时态表示对现在事实的虚拟，用过去完成时表示对过去事实的虚拟。意为“但愿，要是……多好！” If only I could see him now. 要是我现在就能见到他就好了。 If only I knew the answer. 要是我知道答案就好了。 If only I hadn’t lost it. 要是我没把它弄丢了该多好啊。 类别 解说 例句 表示祝愿
(2) 用“may ＋ 动词原形”表“祝愿”“但愿”，此时may须置于句首(多用于正式文体中)。
May you be happy!
祝你快乐！
May good luck be yours!
祝你顺利！