十二、句子的类型
(一)按句子的结构分，英语句子有以下四个类型 型式 例句 附注 简单句 I am a student. He and I are students. He can speak and write English well. Li Ming and Zhang Hua often studied, worked and lived together then. 一个主语加上一个谓语。 (2)两个或两个以上的主语加上两个或两个以上的谓语。 型式 例句 附注 并列句 He made a promise, but he didn't keep it.
He's tall while she is short.
I must be off now, for my sister is expecting me.
He is busy, so we'll give him a hand.
只有两个或两个以上的主谓结构并列，互不依从，才叫并列句，通常有并列连词把这些主谓结构连接起来。常用的连词有：and, so, but, for, etc.。
型式 例句 附注 复合句 I have to hurry to the shop before it closes.
He was an old man who wore thick glasses.
I don't know why he was late.
由一个主要的主谓结构(主句)加上一个或几个次要的主谓结构(从句)构成复合句(即主从复合句)。从句通常由关联词引出，在句子中充当某个成分。
型式 例句 附注 并列复合
句 I said that I had no time, but he insisted that I should go with him.
I asked him who the lady was and he replied that she was his teacher 5 years ago.
在并列句的一个或多个分句中，又含有一个或多个从句，就构成并列复合句(即含有复合句的并列句)。
(二)简单句的五个基本句型 结构 例句 附注 主语＋连系动词＋表语 He is a teacher. She became silent. The dish smells good. It looks fine. 连系动词可分成三类： （1）表状态：be, seem, look, remain, etc. (2)表发展变化：get, go, grow, turn, etc. (3)感觉，知觉：feel, smell, sound, taste, look. 结构 例句 附注 主语＋不及物动词
The car stopped.
Tom died.
He works hard.
It rained heavily.
(1)因表达的需要，这类句子通常带上状语。
(2)这类句子没有被动语态。
结构 例句 附注 主语＋及物动词＋宾语
They enjoy the play.
We study English.
They hurt me.
You shall have two weeks.
We are living a happy life.
这类句子大多能变成被动语态，但有的动宾结构不行，如左边的四、五两句。另外，下句要视为动状结构：He walked 20 kilometres.
结构 例句 附注 主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(即双宾语)
(A)He gave me some money.
→He gave some money to me.
He showed me the picture.
→He showed the picture to me.
(B)He bought me a book.
→He bought a book for me.
She has found the boy a place.
→She has found a place for the boy.
(1)(A)类动词常用的有：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, show, take, tell, throw, write，etc.(B)类动词常用的有：buy, book, fetch, find, get, keep, make, pay, read, etc.
(2)这类句子若变成被动语态，可依说话人表达需要，将任意一个宾语作主语都行。(留在宾语位置上的被称为“保留宾语”)例：
I has given some money.
Some money was given (to) me.
(3)若两个宾语都是人称代词，则：
He gave it to me.(√)
He gave me it.(×)
结构 例句 附注 主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语(宾语＋宾补合起来称为复合宾语)
I found the book very interesting.
We made him monitor.
He found the teacher out.
He feels everything in good condition.
Mother asked me to see Grandparents.
Mother let me go to see Grandparents.
Someone saw the girl wandering in the street.
He had the window broken.
(1)宾补通常由adj.，n.，adv.，prepphr.，tov，ving，ved充当。 (2)n.作宾补时，补语是宾语的内容或属性。例：We call her Xiao Hong.补语Xiao Hong与宾语her是同一个人，句子变被动语态时只能将宾语变成主语(She is called Xiao Hong.)。而双宾语通常一个指人，一个指物(He gave me a book.)句子变被动语态时选其中任何一个宾语作主语都行。