Ⅰ.阅读理解(建议用时16′)
A
[2016·山东师大附中模拟]“Indeed，” George Washington wrote in his diary in 1785, “some kind of fly, or bug, had begun to eat the leaves before I left home.” But the father of America was not the father of bug. When Washington wrote that, Englishmen had been referring to insects as bugs for more than a century，and Americans had already created lightningbug (萤火虫). But the English were soon to stop using the bugs in their language, leaving it to the Americans to call a bug a bug in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
The American bug could also be a person, referring to someone who was crazy about a particular activity. Although fan became the usual term, sports fans used to be called racing bugs, baseball bugs, and the like.
Or the bug could be a small machine or object, for example, a bug－shaped car. The bug could also be a burglar alarm, from which comes the expression to bug, that is, “to install (安装) an alarm”. Now it means a small piece of equipment that people use for listening secretly to others' conversation. Since the 1840s, to bug has long meant “to cheat”， and since the 1940s it has been annoying.
We also know the bug as a flaw in a computer program or another design. That meaning dates back to the time of Thomas Edison. In 1878 he explained bugs as “little problems and difficulties” that required months of study and labor to overcome in developing a successful product. In 1889 it was recorded that Edison “had been up the two previous nights discovering ‘a bug’ in his invented record player.”
本文讲述的是“bug”这一单词，词义的演变过程，以及与该词义演变相关的史料。
1．We learn from Paragraph 1 that ________.
A．Americans had difficulty in learning to use the word bug
B．George Washington was the first person to call an insect a bug
C．the word bug was still popularly used in English in the nineteenth century
D．both Englishmen and Americans used the word bug in the eighteenth century
答案：D 细节理解题。根据第一段中讲述的与bug相关的史料可以发现，无论美国还是英国均使用bug这一词。
2．What does the word “flaw” in the last paragraph probably mean?
A．Explanation.
B．Finding.
C．Origin.
D．Fault.
答案：D 词义猜测题。根据第四段中“In 1878 he explained bugs as ‘little problems and difficulties’．..”可知。
3．The passage is mainly concerned with ________.
A．the misunderstanding of the word bug
B．the development of the word bug
C．the public views of the word bug D．the special characteristics of the word bug
答案：B 主旨大意题。根据文章每段讲述的话题均与“bug”相关，可以总结本文的主旨应与“bug”词义的演变过程相关。
1．indeed adv. 的确；确实
2.burglar n. 窃贼；盗窃
3．equipment n. 设备；装备
4.program n. 程序
5．overcome vt. 克服
1．refer to 提及；涉及；参考
2．and the like 等等；依此类推
原文：The American bug could also be a person, referring to someone who was crazy about a particular activity.(现在分词作状语)
译文：美国bug也可能是一个人，指的是对某一特殊活动着迷的人。
仿写：All night long he lay awake, thinking_of_what_had_happened_before.
整晚他醒着躺着，回想以前发生的事情。
B
[2016·河北沧州质检]La Gomera is the only place in the world that has a whistle language. We do not know how and why it began because we do not know the complete history of the island. But we can certainly imagine the reasons for the beginning of the whistle language. There are many deep valleys on the island. A person on one side of a valley can not easily shout to a person on the other side. But he can whistle and be heard. Some of the best whistlers can be heard from four miles away and the record is seven miles.
The people who live on the island usually have good teeth, and this helps them to whistle well. They must also have good ears so that they can hear other whistlers.
We can understand why the whistle language continues. It is very useful on the island, and quite easy to learn. When somebody is hurt or ill, the whistle language takes the place of telephone. If the sick person is quite far away from the town, people pass the message from one to another. A boy guarding cattle on a hillside whistles to a man fishing from his boat. The last one is able to describe the trouble fully and exactly to the doctor in town. People help one another in the same way when a car breaks down or a cow is lost.
The whistle language is hundreds of years old, and probably it will continue to live on for hundreds of years more. Radio and TV often kill the special ways of speaking in different parts of a country. But on La Gomera you are nobody if you cannot whistle. Perhaps soon after TV arrives on the island, people there will be whistling the news and other facts and opinions.
本文是一篇说明文，讲述的是世界上的另外一种语言——“whistle language”的相关历史。
4．If a person on La Gomera is ill, ________.
A．the whistle language will help pass the message to the doctor
B．people will take him to town by carriage
C．his family will take him to the hospital
D．others will phone the doctor in town
答案：A 细节理解题。根据第三段“If the sick person is quite far away from the town, people pass the message from one to another.”可知。
5．La Gomera is special because ________.
A．we don't know its complete history
B．people have to shout if they want to communicate
C．people there have good teeth and ears
D．people there use the whistle language to communicate with each other
答案：D 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句及“There are many deep valleys on the island. A person...can not easily shout to a person...But he can whistle and be heard.”可知。
6．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A．The whistle language has been used for hundreds of years on the island, but will not be
used any longer.
B．The whistle language can only be found on La Gomera.
C．It is not easy for a person to live on La Gomera if he cannot whistle.
D．The record shows that one best whistler can be heard by others from seven miles away.
答案：A 细节理解题。利用排除法，根据第四段中“The whistle language is hundreds of years old, and probably it will continue to live on for hundreds of years more.”可知A项错误，故选A。B、C、D三项与文中信息一致，均正确。
7．Which of the following will be the best title of this passage?
A．The Secret Language.
B.Do You Know the Whistle Language?
C．The Life of Islanders.
D．La Gomera－a Mystery.
答案：B 主旨大意题。根据每段讲述的内容，可知本文讲的内容是一种“口哨”语言，而不是介绍某个地方，A项内容过小；C项文中并未介绍，故选B。
1．whistle n. 口哨
2.certainly adv. 当然；行；必定
3．guard vt. 保卫；保护
4.exactly adv. 正确地；恰好地
5．special adj. 特别的；专门的
1．take the place of 取代；代替
2．break down 分解；出故障；累垮
原文：They must also have good ears so that they can hear other whistlers.(so that用法)
译文：他们必须要有好的听力，以便他们可以听到其它打口哨的人。
仿写：The little boy saved every coin so_that_he_could_buy_his_mother_a_present on Mother's day.
这个小男孩积攒着每一个硬币，以便在母亲节可以给母亲买一件礼物。
Ⅱ.七选五(建议用时7′)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
[2015·北京朝阳区期中]
The Effects of Stress
There is a famous expression in English: “Stop the world, I want to get off！” This expression refers to a feeling of panic, or stress, that makes a person want to stop whatever they are doing, try to relax, and become calm again. __1__ It is one of the most common causes of health problems in modern life. Too much stress results in physical, emotional, and mental health problems.
There are numerous physical effects of stress. __2__ It can increase the pulse rate, make the heart miss beats, and can cause high blood pressure. Stress can affect the respiratory system. It can lead to asthma. It can cause a person to breathe too fast, resulting in a loss of important carbon dioxide. Stress can affect the stomach. __3__ These are only a few examples of the wide range of illnesses and symptoms resulting from stress.
Emotions are also easily affected by stress. People suffering from stress often feel anxious. They may have panic attacks. They may feel tired all the time. When people are under stress, they often overreact to little problems.
For example, a normally gentle parent under a lot of stress at work may yell at a child for dropping a glass of juice. __4__
Longterm stress can lead to a variety of serious mental illnesses. Depression, an extreme feeling of sadness and hopelessness, can be the result of continued and increasing stress. Alcoholism and other addictions often develop as a result of overuse of alcohol or drugs to try to relieve stress.
__5__ If stress is allowed to continue, then one's mental health is put at risk.
A．It can cause stomach aches and problems digesting food.
B．It is obvious that stress can cause physical problems.
C．“Stress” means pressure or tension.
D．Eating disorders are sometimes caused by stress and are often made worse by stress.
E．So stop the world and rest for a while.
F．Stress can make people angry, moody or nervous.
G．Stress can affect the heart.
本文讲述的是压力的影响。
1．C 根据上文可知，该空是对stress的含义给以解释，故应选择C。
2．G 根据本段首句，可知该段讲述的是压力对身体的影响，故选择G，也可根据下文确定答案。
3．A 上文中提到了stomach，因此该空是压力对胃的影响。
4．F 根据上文举例可知，该空表示“平常温柔的父母，在压力影响下会发脾气”。故选F。
5．D 根据该段主题句“Long－term stress can...illnesses.”可知该段主要说明压力导致的问题，可知该空选D项。
Ⅲ.语法填空(建议用时8′)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
[2016·河南重点高中联考]Today I spent time __1__ (talk) to an old friend about some of the choices that we have made in our lives. We both agree that life has __2__ (basic) been good to us. And we are very __3__ (appreciate) of what we have been blessed with.
Today I would like you to think about your journey and where you see yourself in the next five years. Do you see that you have become exactly who you set out to be? If you are like me, you are working daily on those goals. I work on my __4__ (aim) because I am excited about that opportunity.
However, I do realize that sometimes life can get __5__ the way of our goals. I remember when my friend __6__ (decide) to buy her first home. She was ready and had everything __7__ (line) up. But during this time her father died and she had to move home __8__ (help) take care of her mother. Her goal was delayed, but she didn't give it up completely. And that's exactly __9__ key to this all. In order to achieve your goals, you have to keep working on __10__.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
在生活中，有了理想，有了希望，你就会感到生活中充满了快乐，在你实现理想的过程中，你就会体验人生最伟大的幸福。
1．talking 考查固定搭配。根据spend time (in) doing sth.可知答案。
2．basically 考查副词。此处用于修饰谓语动词has been good to us，应用basic的副词形式basically，表示“基本上”。
3．appreciative 考查形容词。be appreciative of为固定搭配，表示“对……感激”。
4．aims 考查名词的数。根据语境，aim为可数名词，此处为复数意义，故此处应使用其复数形式aims作work on的宾语。
5．in 考查介词。get in the way of...意为“挡路，形成障碍”。
6．decided 考查动词的时态。根据句意，此处陈述的是过去的事实，故应用一般过去时。
7．lined 考查非谓语动词。根据句意以及语法，此处表示“将一切事情都准备妥当”，应使用have sth. done句型，表示“使某事被做”。
8．to help 考查非谓语动词。此处表示的是move home的目的，应用不定式来作目的状语。
9．the 考查冠词。根据句意，此处表示“所有这一切的关键所在”，为特指意义，故应用定冠词the修饰key。
10．them 考查代词。根据上文中的goals可知应用代词them。
Ⅳ.书面表达(建议用时20′)
[2016·衡水中学调研]某英文杂志正在举办“读一本好书”的活动，邀请你参加，内容包括：
1．谈谈你对阅读的看法；
2．分享一本对你影响最大的书。
注意：1.词数100左右，开头已写好，不计入总词数；
2．文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称。
I feel it a great honor to be welcomed to get involved in such a meaningful activity.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
I_feel_it_a_great_honor_to_be_welcomed_to_get_involved_in_such_a_meaningful_activity.
As for me, reading an instructive book is just like talking with a learned person. It is universally acknowledged that reading lays a solid foundation for further learning. Additionally, a wide range of reading can broaden our horizons and enrich our amateur life. As a matter of fact, I believe, only through reading can the soul be strengthened, vision cleared, ambition inspired and success achieved.
When it comes to the books I've read, A Global History has had a farreaching influence on me. The book gives the history of the world from the historical age to modern times. Not only has it incredibly enlarged my knowledge and benefited me to see the world logically, but also got me enthusiastic about history.