2017高考英语【北师大版】一轮复习提能训练（12）含（解析）答案
高考题型提能练(十二) Unit 12Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2017·合肥市二模，B)
Walking in a farmers' market often brings one to explore new food options, and now more locallyfarmed protein choices are available to help bridge the gap between our meals and the farms on which they originated. More and more local small farms are popping_up in opposition to factory farms.
Today's commercial farms do not fit the image that comes to mind while happily singing along to “Old McDonald”. Instead, most of the nation's food comes from CAFOs, Confined Animal Feeding Operations, where animals are kept in tightly enclosed conditions as they are fattened up and readied to be killed for food.
Fortunately, knowing exactly where one's food comes from has led to an increase in the availability of what is known as ?grassfed? beef. Technically, all cattle are grassfed for at least a limited amount of time, but what makes the meat significant is that it is grassfinished, not forcefed corn, soy or grains. This change in diet makes all the difference since corn is not part of the cow's traditional diet, and therefore causes major health issues for it. To deal with the health issues, antibiotics (抗生素) are used and some of the antibiotics used to treat the cattle are similar to those given to humans, so they can decrease the effectiveness of medicine when a consumer is sick.
A healthier diet for the cattle leads the meat to lower in both fat and calories. And when cooking grassfed beef, you'd better use a slightly lower temperature to make it more delicious.
文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。为了应对机械化农业的弊端，越来越多的小农业开始兴盛起来了，它们生产的农畜牧产品不仅丰富了人们的一日三餐，同时也更绿色、更健康。
1．The underlined words “popping up” (in the 1st paragraph) probably means ________.
A．improving
B．fading
C．profiting
D．appearing
答案：D 词义猜测题。根据文章第一句中“and now more locallyfarmed protein choices are available”可知，现在有更多的当地小农场喂养的动物可满足人们对蛋白质的需求，即当地出现了越来越多小农场，由此可知，appear与pop up意思最为接近，故答案D符合文义。
2．The song “Old McDonald” describes ________.
A．animals raised freely on local farms
B．animals kept in tightly enclosed conditions
C．commercial farms providing fast food
D．commercial farms providing unpopular foods
答案：A 推理判断题。根据文章第二段第一句“Today's commercial farms do not fit the image...”的提示和下文对商业农场喂养动物的方法的描述可知，the song “Old McDonald”所描述的喂养方式正好和商业农场相反，由此可推知，答案A符合文义。
3．Some medicines are less effective for beef consumers probably because ________.
A．some cattle feed on grains
B．all cattle diet on grass
C．some medicines are used to treat sick cattle
D．some antibiotics are used by both cattle and people
答案：D 细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句中“and some of the antibiotics used to treat the cattle are similar to those given to humans...”可推知，答案D符合文义。
4．We can infer from the text that ________.
A．food from local farms can help add to the variety in our daily meals
B．soy or grains are on the list of traditional diets of the cattle
C．corn for the cattle leads the meat to lower in both fat and calories
D．lower temperature makes grassfed beef more delicious
答案：A 推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一句“Walking in a farmers' market often brings one to explore new food options, and now more locallyfarmed protein choices are available to help bridge the gap between our meals and the farms on which they originated.”可推知，选项A“当地小农场的食物可以丰富我们的一日三餐”符合文义。B、C两项与原文不符；D项不是经过推理得出的，不符合题意，故排除。
B
(2016·哈尔滨市第三中学一模)Babies don't learn to talk just from hearing sounds. They are lipreaders too. It happens during the stage when a baby's babbling (咿呀声) gradually changes from unclear voices into that first “mama” or “dada”. The baby in order to do like you has to figure out how to shape their lips to make that particular sound they are hearing, according to developmental psychologist David Lewkowicz of Florida Atlantic University, who led the study.
Apparently it doesn't take them too long to absorb the movements that match basic sounds. By their first birthdays, babies start changing back to look you in the eye again. It offers more evidence that quality facetime with babies is very important for speech development more than, say, turning on the latest baby DVD.
But Lewkowicz went a step further. He and his student Amy HansenTift tested nearly 180 babies, groups of them at ages 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 months. How? They showed videos of a woman speaking in English or Spanish to babies of English speakers. They found that when the speaker used English, the 4montholds gazed mostly into her eyes. The 6montholds spent equal amounts of time looking at the eyes and the mouth. The 8 and 10montholds studied mostly the mouth. At 12 months, attention started changing back toward the speaker's eyes.
But what happened when these babies accustomed to English heard Spanish? The 12montholds studied the mouth longer, just like younger babies. They needed the extra information to recognize the unfamiliar sounds. That fits with research into bilingualism (双语)that shows babies' brains adjust themselves to distinguishing the sounds of their native language over other languages in the first year of life.
The continued lipreading shows the 1yearolds clearly still are fit for learning. Babies are so hard to study that this is “a fairly heroic data set”， says Duke University cognitive neuroscientist Greg Appelbaum, who found the research so fascinating that he wants to know more.
1.According to the first paragraph, babies________.
A.might get its voice “mama” by lipreading
B.learn to talk just from hearing the sounds
C.like to figure out how to shape their lips
D.communicate with parents through gestures
2.What is necessary in developing babies' speech according to Lewkowicz?
A.Playing baby DVD nearby.
B.Teaching babies to read English.
C.Speaking with babies face to face.
D.Speaking different languages in front of babies.
3.Which of the following shows the right change of babies' eye gaze according to the text?
4.What would be the best title of the text?
A.Babies Have Different Methods to Talk
B.Babies Try Lipreading in Learning to Talk
C.Babies Are Suitable to Learn Two Languages
D.Babies Can Easily Accept Foreign Language
1．解析：选A 细节理解题根据第一段第二三句“They are lipreaders too ...that first ‘mama’ or‘dada’．”可知婴儿可能会通过读唇的方式发出“mama”的声音故答案选A解析：选C 推理判断题根据第一段最后一句“The baby in order to do ...who led the study.”及第二段第三句“It offers more evidence ...important for speech development”可推知在婴儿的语言发展阶段跟婴儿面对面讲话是有必要的故答案选C解析：选A 细节理解题根据第三段最后四句“They found that ...the speaker's eyes.”并结合所给选项可知A项坐标图符合文中的描述故答案选A解析：选B 标题归纳题纵观全文文章主要介绍了一项科学发现：婴儿不仅仅通过听声还通过观察说话者的口型来学习说话B项概括了文章主旨故答案选BClose your eyes for a minute and imagine what life would be like if you had a hundred dollars less.Also imagine what it would be like spending the rest of your life with your eyes closed.Imagine having to read this page，not with your eyes but with your fingertips.
With existing medical knowledge and skills，twothirds of the world's 42 million blind should not have to suffer.Unfortunately，rich countries possess most of this knowledge，while developing countries do not.
ORBIS is an international nonprofit organization which operates the world's only flying teaching eye hospital.ORBIS intends to help fight blindness worldwide.Inside a DC8 aircraft，there is a fullyequipped teaching hospital with television studio and classroom.Doctors are taught the latest techniques of bringing sight back to people here.Project ORBIS also aims at promoting peaceful cooperation(合作) among countries.
ORBIS tries to help developing countries by providing training during threeweek medical programs.ORBIS has taught sightsaving techniques to over 35,000 doctors and nurses，who continue to cure tens of thousands of blind people every year.ORBIS has conducted 17 plane programs in China so far.For the seven to ten million blind in China，ORBIS is planning to do more for them.At the moment an ORBIS team is working on a longterm plan to develop a training center and to provide eye care services to Shanxi Province.ORBIS needs your help to continue their work and free people from blindness.
For just US $38，you can help one person see；for $380 you can bring sight to 10 people；$1,300 helps teach a doctor new skills；and for $13,000 you can provide a training program for a group of doctors who can make thousands of blind people see again.Your money can open their eyes to the world.Please help ORBIS improve the quality of life for so many people less fortunate than ourselves.
1．The first paragraph is intended to ________.
A．introduce a new way of reading
B．advise the public to lead a simple life
C．direct the public's attention to the blind
D．encourage the public to use imagination
2．What do we learn about existing medical knowledge and skills in the world?
A．They are adequate.
B．They have not been updated.
C．They are not equally distributed.
D．They have benefited most of the blind.
．ORBIS aims to help the blind by ________.
A．teaching medical students
B．training doctors and nurses
C．running flying hospitals globally
D．setting up nonprofit organizations
．What does the author try to do in the last paragraph?
A．Appeal for donations.
B．Make an advertisement.
C．Promote training programs.
D．Show sympathy for the blind.
．What can be the best title for the passage?
A．ORBIS in China
B．Fighting Blindness
C．ORBIS Flying Hospital
D．Sightsaving Techniques
答案：
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍一个旨在帮助失明人士的组织——ORBIS。大家行动起来和ORBIS一起，来帮助那些失明的朋友们。小小的捐助，就可以使他们和我们一样去感受这个世界的美好。
1．C 解析：考查写作意图。综观全文，作者希望大众通过想象失明人士的生活，以此引起人们对失明人士的关注，故选C。
．C 解析：考查细节理解。根据第二段最后一句话可知目前的医疗知识和技术分配不均衡。
．B 解析：考查细节理解。根据文章第三段和第四段首句可知ORBIS通过培训医务人员来帮助失明人士。
．A 解析：考查段落大意。由文章最后一段中不同金额的捐款所能产生的积极效果可知，最后作者是号召大众捐款帮助提高失明人士的生活质量。
．C 解析：考查标题判断。本文关键词为ORBIS，文章通篇都在介绍ORBIS通过他们的flying hospital帮助失明人士。
Ⅱ.任务型阅读
(2016·郑州市高中毕业年级质量预测)Although most games have winners and losers, the goal of sports is not to win every game. The real goals include getting exercise, having fun, and learning important social skills, like good sportsmanship.
Good sportsmanship is all about respect. Good sportsmen (具有运动家品格的人) respect the other players on their team. They respect the players on opposing teams. They respect their coaches, and they also respect the referees or other officials involved in their games. 1.________ They yell at their teammates and they talk back to coaches or referees.
Kids usually learn sportsmanship — good and bad — from the adults in their lives. 2.________ If parents and coaches show disrespect to other fans, referees, or each other, kids will likely act the same way on the field.
3.________ Some of them are very basic and easy to do, like shaking hands with other players before a game. Other examples may take a little more courage, such as acknowledging a great play made by the opposing team.
Learning good sportsmanship is important because it helps you develop an attitude of graciousness (礼貌) and respect that will carry over into all the other areas of your life.4.________ Being a good sportsman
in the classroom will eventually lead to being a good sportsman in the workplace.
So be a good sport in whatever you do! 5.________ When others see you acting in a way that makes it clear that winning isn't the most important thing, you can move on to focusing on the important things, like having fun, getting exercise, and improving your skills!
A.Good sportsmanship can be shown in many ways.
B.On the contrary, bad sportsmanship is all about disrespect.
C.The example you set can be a powerful teaching tool for others.
D.Players' parents and coaches set examples that kids tend to follow.
E.We can be good sportsmen by encouraging others but not laughing at them.
F.Starting as a good sportsman earlier will help you be a good sportsman as you get old.
G.If you're a good sportsman on the field, you'll also likely be a good sportsman in the classroom.
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2016·江西师大附中三模)Many years ago, on a lazy summer day right before the beginning of the second grade, my mother changed my life forever.
I had just__1__ a picture book about the tornado, so I__2__ to play games with my sister outside because I feared it. I__3__ myself for a nice hour or two of staying at home__4__ and there seemed to be nothing for me to do.
My mother, no doubt, didn't think I had __5__ to do, so she pulled a “big person” book off her personal__6__ and gave it to me.“Here, you might like this.” I was__7__ to be given a big book to read, __8__ I was daunted (吓唬) by the fact that there were no pictures. I made up my__9__ to give the book a try. I couldn't put it __10__ the rest of the whole day. After that I became fond of __11__ various books.
It stands out in my mind as the single most __12__ moment in my entire childhood. It shaped the course of the rest of my __13__.If my mother had told me to go to watch TV, or put me __14__， I can imagine how__15__ life would be for me. I might not be a published author, and might not be as __16__ as I am now.
There may have been a hundred other moments when my parents__17__， a hundred other moments that went wrong, but those__18__ don't matter because they got it right that one time. Now that I have my own child, I believe I'll get it __19__ that one time, and that I don't regret the moments that __20__ too much.
1.A.read through B.learnt from
C.researched into
D.thought about
2. A.preferred
B.needed
C.came
D.refused
3.A.managed
B.prepared
C.requested
D.directed
4.A.lately
B.finally
C.quietly
D.lonely
5.A.something
B.nothing
C.everything
D.anything
6.A.table
B.shelf
C.box
D.bed
7.A.funny
B.sad
C.proud
D.angry
8.A.though
B.but
C.and
D.however
9.A.opinion
B.power
C.love
D.mind
10.A.out
B.down
C.forth
D.up
11.A.reading
B.talking
C.shopping
D.writing
12.A.necessary
B.comfortable
C.important
D.interesting
13.A.business
B.study
C.task
D.life
14.A.aside
B.forward
C.outside
D.back
15.A.full
B.different
C.colorful
D.busy
16.A.successful
B.strange
C.active
D.helpful
17.A.ignored
B.cared
C.failed
D.tried
18.A.reasons
B.problems
C.ways
D.moments
19.A.away
B.right
C.off
D.in
20.A.slip by
B.pass on
C.break into
D.flow over
Ⅳ.短文改错
(2016·辽师大附中高三模拟)Though great progress has been made in science these years, but there are still many people living in poor conditions. They make their lives by collecting and selling used thing. Their children cannot go to school because they have not enough money to send their children to there. Why you think so many people still suffer from poverty now? The answer lies on the population explosion. A president of a developing country once said, “It is us who are to blame for the poverty because we used to ‘produce’ child without limit.” Although this few words sound simple enough, they have clear pointed out one of the causes of the population explosion.
高考题型提能练(十二)
.1～5 BDAGC.
1．解析：选A 作者刚刚仔细地读完了一本关于龙卷风的图画书 read through“通读”符合语境2．解析：选D 根据下文的“because I feared it”可知作者害怕龙卷风所以她拒绝与妹妹外出做游戏3．解析：选B 作者准备待在家里一两个小时prepare oneself for sth.意为“(某人)准备做某事”4．解析：选 C 根据下文的“there seemed to be nothing for me to do”可知作者安安静静地待在家里5．解析：选 D 根据上文的“there seemed to be nothing for me to do”可知作者的妈妈认为她没有什么事情做6．解析：选 B 根据“‘big person’ book”可知作者的妈妈从她的个人书架上拿下一本成年人读的书7．解析：选 C 由下文“I made up my ________ to give the book a try.”可知作者认为这是成人读的书而她这个年龄能读成人的书让她感到很自豪8．解析：选 A 根据下文的“I was daunted (吓唬) by the fact that there were no pictures”可知作者感到自豪尽管见到这本书里没有插图而吓了一跳9．解析：选 D 根据下文的“give the book a try”可知作者下定决心要读一读这本书make up one's mind 意为“下定决心”10．解析：选 B 根据下文的“After that I became fond of ________ various books.”可推知作者竟然整天都舍不得将这本书放下11．解析：选 A 根据下文的“various books”可知从此作者变得喜欢读各种书籍12．解析：选 C 根据下文的“It shaped the course of the rest of my ________.”可推知这次读书的经历是她的整个童年时代中最重要的时刻它确定了她的整个人生的方向13．解析：选 D 根据下文的“ life would be for me”可知这次读书的经历确定了她的整个人生的方向14．解析：选 C 根据第二段的“staying at home”可知此处说的是如果当时作者的母亲让她出去玩的话事情可能会不同15．解析：选 B 根据下文的“I might not be a published author”可推知如果作者的妈妈让她看电视或外出玩耍她的人生可能就会与现在不同16．解析：选 A 根据上文的“I might not be a published author”可知作者现在成为了作家因此她是很成功的17．解析：选 C 根据下文的“a hundred other moments that went wrong”可知作者回想她的父母在教育她的过程中有许多失败的时候18．解析：选 D 根据上文的“moments”以及下文的“because they got it right that one time”可推知那些失败或错误的时候并不重要只要一个时机是对的那就可以了19．解析：选 B 根据上文的“because they got it right that one time”可推知因为作者现在自己有了孩子她希望她在教育自己的孩子时也有一次对的时机20．解析：选 A 根据上文的“but those ________ don't matter because they got it right that one time”可推知作者觉得只要有一个对的时机她就不会因许多无用的时机消逝而感到后悔slip by “(时间)悄悄过去”.第一句：去掉but第二句：lives→living; thing→things第三句：去掉there前面的to第四句：Why后加do第五句：on→in第六句：us→we; child→children第七句：this→these; clear→clearly