语法填空是近年来高考英语科新推出的一种题型．2017年高考英语全国卷也采用这种题型替换了沿用多年的基础知识单项选择题。把基础知识放入一篇短文中考查，这种题型不但能全面考查学生在英语词汇、语法，甚至是句法上的运用能力，还能更科学地反映学生的英语综合水平。与此同时，这也无形中加大了考试难度，让广大考试更加摸不着头绪。本专题重点解剖一下该题型所考查的重点、难点和疑点，旨在以帮助广大教师找对解答此类题型的教学方法，让广大考生提高此类题型的应试水平。
语法填空一般以要求根据上下文语境填入一个以动词（verb）（或其适当形式）、名词(noun)、代词(pronoun)、冠词(article)、介词(prep)、情态动词(modal verbs)、连词(conj)或引导词、形容词(adj.)和副词(adv.)来考查有关语法内容。
语法填空的能力要求为阅读和理解语篇的能力、分析句子结构的能力、熟练运用语法的能力以及单词拼写和逻辑推理能力等，对中下层的考生来说，难度较大。
重点复习：掌握句子的基本结构
首先，我们必须熟练掌握简单句的基本句型结构：
（1）主语+谓语（+宾语+宾补）
（2）主语+系动词+表语
其次，我们要充分了解充当各个句子成分的典型词类：
（1）充当主语或宾语的典型词类是名词或代词。此外，还有动名词、不定式短语等。
（2）充当谓语的一定是动词。
（3）充当补语或表语的典型词类是形容词。
（4）在名词前做定语的典型词类是形容词或形容词性物主代词。
（5）做状语的典型词类是副词。
再次，我们还要掌握句子的扩展结构：两个或几个简单句之前若不用句号或分号，就必须用连词，否则，句子的结构就不完整。连词主要有四类：
（1）用and, but, or, while（而，却），when(就在这时)等构成并列句。
（2）用if, unless, before, after, until, although, though, as, since, because, so, so that等构成含状语从句的复合句（这里要注意区分一下复杂句和复合句，复合句是包含在复杂句这个概念里面的）。
（3）用who, which, that, when, where, why等构成含定语从句的复合句。（这里需要提醒考生的是，往往不给任何提示的空就是填连词或关系词的，但也得结合句子结构来分析）
（4）用that, if/whether, wh-等构成含名词性从句的复合句。
解题方法：用句子结构分析法巧解语法填空，分析句子的结构对解答语法填空题很有帮助。在解答题时，分析句子结构可以迅速确定所要填的词语的词类或大致方向，再结合语境就可很快得出具体的词语或词形，结合语境方面要特别注意短文的时态和上下文中的一些提示。
如：阅读下面短文，根据上下文语境填入适当的词，或使用括号中的词语的适当形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡上标号的相应位置。
The Internet has become part of young people’s life.
1
report shows that 38% of students often use the Internet. Most of them get
2
(use) information on the Internet
3
use the Internet to help in their studies. But many students don’t use it
4
a good way. Some play games too much, some visit websites
5
shouldn’t look at. So bad things may happen
6
students spend too much time on the Internet.
7
is important for students to use the Internet properly. Now we have a textbook,
8
uses many examples to teach students some good ways to use the Internet. It gives useful advice.
Some students also make
9
on the Internet. But if you want to have a face-to-face
10
(meet) with your online friends, let your parents know and meet in a proper place.
【解析】
1. A
从下文中可以看出这是一篇报道说明，因为前文还没有出现，这里无须特指是哪一篇报道，故填a，考查冠词的用法。
2. useful 提示词use同时有名词和动词的词性，在这里需要一个形容词来修饰information，考查词性的判定和转化。
3. and 从这个句子想要表达的意思来看，get和use是两个并列的谓语动词。
4. in 固定搭配，in a way意思是用某种方法。
5. they 这是一个省略了that/which的定语从句，从句子成分来看，此句缺少主语，是用来修饰websites的,而关系代词在定语从句中做宾语，故省略，填they来做从句的主语。
6. if 从上一句承接下来的一个结果，但用了情态动词may, 此空应该填一个连词来引导条件状语从句。
7. It 形式主语it代替真正的主语不定式to use the Internet.
8. which通过句子分析法可以知道，这是一个非限制性的定语从句。
9.friends 由语境分析可知，下文中online friends推断出make friends这个短语。
10. meeting提示词meet虽有名词词性，但have a meeting是习惯搭配。
2017-2016年新课标高考英语全国卷语法填空题考点统计
形式 内
容 课标1
2017 课标2
2017 课标1
2015 课标2
2015 课标1
2016 课标2
2016
有提
示词
词
性
转
换 形容词转为副词 1 1 1 1
1
1
名词转为形容词 1 -- 1 1
1
动词转为形容词 1 1
动
词 非谓语动词 1 3 2 3 2
2
时态、语态 1 1 1 1
1
形容词、副词 比较级 1 --
1
系
词
1
1
名
词 单复数 1 -- 1 1
2
2
代
词
-- 1
无提
示词 冠
词
1 --
1
1
1
介
词
-- 1 2 1
1
1
代
词
-- --
助动词
-- 1
连
词
从属
连词 定语从句 1 -- 1
宾语从句
1
名词性从句 -- --
状语从句 -- --
1
并列连词 1 1
1
名
词
-- --
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。（2017全国1卷）
Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix?
In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio. It
61
(be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. The river was so polluted that it
62
(actual) caught fire and burned. Now, years later, this river is one of
63
most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.
But the river wasn’t changed in a few days
64
even a few months. It took years of work
65
(reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is
66
(clean) than ever.
Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit
67
is driving your family crazy. Possibly you drink too much or don’t know how to control your credit card use. When you face such an impossible situation, don’t you want a quick fix and something to change immediately?
While there are
68
(amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the
69
(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be
70
(patience).
66. cleaner现河里的水比以前更清了。根据后面的比较连词than可知这里用比较级，故用cleaner。
67. that/which也许你有个使家人发疯的习惯。这里habit是先行词，which或that引导的是定语从句，并且在从句中做主语，不能省略，故用that/which。
68. amazing这里空格处应该用形容词来修饰后面的名词，amazing指令人吃惊的；amazed指人感到吃惊的。这里不是用来修饰人的，故用amazing。
69. changes对于我们大多数人来说，变化是逐渐的，需要很多努力和工作。因为这里缺少的是句子主语，根据谓语动词are可知主语应该是复数，故用changes。
70. patient需要的是耐心。Patience“耐心”是名词；因空格前有系词be,这里用形容词patient。
阅读下面材料，用不多于 1 个单词的正确形式填空。（2015年全国新课标高考英语1卷）
Yangshuo, China
It was raining lightly when I__61__(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn’t care. A few hours__62__, I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with __63_(it) choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.
I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River_64__are pictured by artists in so many Chinese _65__(painting). Instead, I ‘d head straight for Yangshuo. For those who fly to Guilin, it’s only an hour away__66_ car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.
Yangshuo__67__(be) really beautiful. A study of travelers_68__(conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it_69__(regular) arranges quick getaways here for people_70__(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
【解析】61. arrived
句意：就在天亮之前我到了阳朔，天下着小雨。根据前后句时态可知用一般过去时。
62. before/earlier 句意：几个小时前，我在香港家里。注意不可以用ago。
63. its 句意：带着窒息的烟雾。后面为名词，故用it’s。
64. that/which 句意：漓江被许多艺术家所绘画。考查定语从句。先行词为Li River，在从句中作主语 .
65. paintings 句意：在如此多的中国绘画中。painting为可数名词，注意用复数形式。
66. by 句意：乘汽车只需要1个小时。by car乘汽车。
67. is 句意：阳朔真的很漂亮。这里用一般现在时。
68. conducted句意：一项网站所进行的调查。过去分词作后置定语，表示被动关系。
69. regularly 句意：定期为人们安排这里适合旅行的地方。修饰动词，用副词修饰。
70. living 句意：住在上海和香港的人们。现在分词作后置定语。
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个词）或括号内单词的正确形式。（2017年全国2卷）
One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop , worried about
61 (be ) late for school ..There were many people waiting at the bus stop , 62
some of them looked very anxious and
63
(disappoint) .When the bus finally came , we all hurried on board .I got a place next
64
the window , so I had a good view of the sidewalk .A boy on a bike 65
(catch)my attention .he was riding beside the bus and waving his arms . I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver , but he refused 66
(stop ) until we reached the next stop .Still , the boy kept 67
(ride) . He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting .Finally , when we came to the next stop , the boy ran up to the door of the bus . I heard an excited conversation .Then the driver stoop up and asked, “ 68
anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop ?” A woman on the bus shouted , “Oh dear “ It is 69 （I）”.She pushed her way to the driver and to the little boy .Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done .And the passengers _70_（sudden） became friendly to one another .
【解析】61. being 介词后跟名词或动名词，故填being。
62. and 根据内容可知前后是顺承关系，故拥and。
63. disappointed 由前面可知人们感到失望，用-ed结尾的形容词disappointed。
64. to固定短语next to靠近，临近。
65. caught文章讲述的是过去的事，用过去式。
66. to stop固定短语refuse to do sth拒绝做某事。
67. riding固定短语keep doing sth一直做某事。
68. Did 询问过去发生的事情，用一般过去式。
69. me/mine此处是做表语，强调“我的包，或是我丢了”。
70. suddenly副词做状语，所以填suddenly。
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个词）或括号内单词的正确形式。（2015年新课标全国2卷）
The adobe dwellings (土坯房)
61
（build）by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even
62
most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their
63
(able) to “air condition” a house without
64
( use) electric equipment. Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat
65
( slow) during cool nights, thus warming the house. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough
66
(cool) the house during the hot day;
67
the same time, they warm up again for the night. This cycle
68
(go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消) for the outside temperatures. As
69
(nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly
70
thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
【解析】61. built 动词build和定语The adobe dwellings是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用其过去分词built做定语。
62. the 形容词最高级most modern前加the。
63. ability代词their后接名词，所以用able的名词形式ability。
64. using 介词without后接动名词using。
65. slowly用slow的副词形式slowly修饰动词give out。
66. to cool 形容词加enough后接不定式。
67. at
at the same time是固定词组。
68. goes 根据上下文，此处用一般现在时态。这种循环日复一日。
69. natural形容词做定语修饰名词architects。
70. how 根据句意，应用how修饰形容词thick，连接宾语从句。
综合对近两年全国高考英语卷来分析不难看出，语法填空专题的热点是介词、词性转换、非谓语动词和谓语动词的时态、语态等。另外，冠词、连词和名词单复数等也时常出现。只有找准高考英语语法填空热点我们在复习的过程中才能更好地把握高考的方向。