2017年高考英语考前阅读、完型与写作(命题揭秘)之语法填空:思路点拨(含解析)-查字典英语网
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2017年高考英语考前阅读、完型与写作(命题揭秘)之语法填空:思路点拨(含解析)

发布时间:2017-03-16  编辑:查字典英语网小编

  通过对近两年以来高考英语全国新课标卷和广东卷语法填空题的研究和梳理,并结合大量的语法填空模拟题,总结出以下几条适合广大考生的解题技巧,希望再通过有的放矢的训练,能对在专题上有所突破。

  一、让学生真正了解语法填空题。

          在知道高考题型改变之初,许多学生都出现了畏难情绪,主要源于大部分学生认为自己英语成绩主要原因就是语法不好。针对这种情况,平复学生畏难情绪的最好办法就是让学生了解这个题型,并且能够在

  自己的知识水平的基础上斩获能够得到的分数。

  解决这个问题需要三个步骤:

          首先,让学生清楚语法填空题的出题特点:提示性填空题和自由填空两大类。提示性填空主要考察动词(包括时态、语态和非谓语动词)、形容词和副词(包括形容词和副词之间词性转换和词形转化以及比较级和最高级的变化)以及名词(比较少,但是曾有词性转换方面的题出现)。而自由填空主要集中在冠词(和名词相生相依)、代词、介词、连词和关系词几个方面。学生了解了语法填空题还是在考平时所学

  的内容,只不过换个考查形式而已。

          其次,在广东卷选取一个相对简单的题给学生进行模拟训练,如2010年广东卷的语法填空不是很难,让学生在规定的15分钟内完成,结果,有近三分之一的学生能够做出5个左右,能够得到7.5分,有较好的同学做对了7个,也就是能够得到10.5分,这个成绩明显要比单项选择题得分高,但是也有不容忽视的问题,有至少10个学生得了零分,还有20多个学生做对了两三个空。不过学生做完题后感觉不像想象中

  的那么难,所以对语法填空题的畏难情绪一扫而光。

          第三,学生的畏难情绪消除之后,还要让学生理智看待语法填空题,并且和短文改错题进行比较,找到两个题型之间的异与同,虽然考查目的不同,但是考查的知识都是相同的,学生在做这两方面的题时,会自觉的想到知识之间的联系,一方面增加做题的自信心,另一方面可以对知识学习做到融会贯通。

  二、细化做题方法,增加其可操作性。

          学生消除了对语法填空题的畏难情绪后,做题方法的辅导不能笼统,一定要细化到学生可以掌握,像浏览全文,把握语篇;边读边填,先易后难;验证复查,清除难点这样纲领式的做题方法对学生来说一点

  作用都没有。所以针对所教学生的特点,我把做题方法细化到了每一个词性上,同时又突出了高考中语法填空专题方面的考试热点和难点,每个词性都有思路点拨,知识点归纳总结,典型例题讲解等。还配属了一些针对性很强的习题,以便对所学内容加以巩固吸收,所有的例题和习题都带有答案和相应的解析。

  1. 动词(谓语和非谓语)

  给出动词的原形,根据句子结构的需要给出其适当的形式。填动词形式,首先抓住主谓结构,确定主句,剩下的部分,如有连词,则是句子,仍然有主谓结构,否则就用非谓语;是谓语就思考时态,语态,主谓一致,是非谓语就看主动被动,有否先后关系。

  动词及动词短语辨析

  主要考查的知识点:每年必考的考点,主要从以下几个角度来命题:

  ①习惯性用法。测试语境中动词的词义辨析;测试一些习惯用语中的动词;测试一些系动词。

  ②下列动词组成的短语:break,carry,come,get,give,go,look,pick,send,set,take,turn。

  ③英语词组的深层含义挖掘、多种含义拓宽也是当今考题的一个热点。每年的高考英语科考试大纲

  虽列出了单词和词组,但并未注明其具体的含义,这就给命题者留下了自由的伸缩空间。所以在复习时,不能拘泥于其在教材上的含义,要大胆地对其深层含义进行挖掘。如:go out便可挖掘出以下含义:出去;出国;发出去;贴出去;出去参加社交活动;离家出去工作;压塌;(火)熄灭;过时;死去;消失;辞职;下台;结束;罢工等。(在完形填空中多加注意)

  具体来说,在遇到括号中所给出的词性为动词时,以从以下几个方面着手:

   (1)如果所给词是动词,空格前是名词或代词,比较复杂的时候是动名词、不定式或者主语从句,那么这个空一定是缺谓语,所以要根据上下文判断句子的时态和语态。如the young man ________(present)the

  water to the old.根据上下文可以判断是一般过去式。

  (2)如果句子不缺谓语,而所给词又是动词,如果能排除是词形转换题的话,那么这个空一定是非谓语动词。学生要清楚的知道非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词以及他们的被动式和完成时等。同时让学生记住动词不定式在句子中可以充当除了谓语之外的所有句子成分,多数情况下,动词不定式表示动作还未发生;动名词可以在句子中做主语、宾语、表语和定语;现在分词和过去分词做定语、状语、补语和表语。同时,现在分词通常表示动作正在进行,和逻辑主语是主谓关系,而过去分词表示动

  作已完成或者和逻辑主语是动宾关系。

        基本知识掌握后,还要关注上下文中提供的关键词来判断是哪种非谓语动词形式,比如watch,see, notice,hear等词,那么有doing 和do 两种情况,诸如此类的加动词不定式和动名词的单词和短语学生都积累了不少,所以只要做题时加以关注,还是没有问题的。现在分词和过去分词的判定比不定式和动名词要难,但是,只要记住固定句式结构之外就是要找准动词和逻辑主语之间的关系,尤其是主句之前或者之

  后出现了逗号这种情况,尤其要引起注意。如he spit it out, ______(say)it was awful.

  【例1】Two or three years ago this kind of glasses was a favorite with the children,but now it _______ .

  A. has gone over

  B. has gone out

  C. goes by

  D. is going down

  【解析】B

  go out在这是“过时”之意。答案选 B。

  【例2】They’ve _______

  us £150,000 for the house. Shall we take it?

  A. provided

  B. supplied

  C. shown

  D. offered

  【解析】D解答本题时不能只依据表面意思来选择。provide表示“提供”之意,但常构成 provide sb. with sth.(提供某人某物)或 provide sth.for sb.(提供某物给某人);supply也表示“提供”之意,但常构成:supply sb. with sth. 或 supply sth.to sb;show 意为“带路,给某人看”,不合句意;offer常用为:offer sb. sth.(提供某物给某人)。所以答案是 D。

  【例3】To everybody’s surprise,the fashionable young lady _______ to be a thief.

  A. found out

  B. proved out

  C. putout

  D. turned out

  【解析】D find out表示“打听,查明”;prove out搭配错误;putout表示“扑灭,熄灭”;turn out表示“证明是,结果是”。故答案为 D。

  练习:

  1. Ms Chen

  (teach) me English since Junior 1, and to show my appreciation I will get her a present tomorrow. (昆明一模)

  2. I was certain she would like it because I

  (tell) by my classmates that she loved hot food. (韶山一模)

  3.We must practise speaking and

  (write) the language whenever we can.

  4. I had to leave work to take him to the hospital because he ____ (break) his finger. (沈阳二模)

  5. The child, Nicole Hobson,

  (take) by her mother to Children's Memorial Hospital about 11 pm, Wednesday to check. (厦门二模)

  6. A transit spokesman said the driver should

  (make) radio call to the control center for help. (武汉二模)

  7. An official from the Ministry of Education said that China follows an educational policy that______

  (encourage) students to study abroad. (苏州二模)

  8. One of them was a visitor, saying he wouldn’t have been there if he ______ (watch)the weather forecast the day before. (青岛二模)

  9. We must also consider the reaction of the person

  (receive) the gift. (西安一模)

  10. With the problem

  (solve), I felt proud of my achievement. .(广州二模)

  【解析】

  1. has taught / has been teaching /had taught

  从过去某个时间开始,到现在一直持续的动作用现在进行时态或现在完成时。因为居中没有提到动作是否还会持续下去,两个时态都有可能。

  2. was told/ had been told

  被告知的动作发生在过去,一般过去式或过去完成时的被动语态都正确。

  3. writing

  这里考查的是动词 practise的用法,后面跟动名词是固定搭配。

  4. had broken

  句意:因为他把手指弄断了,我不得不放下工作先送他去医院。因把手指弄断发生在离开工作岗位之前,用过去完成时。

  5. was being taken

  句意:尼克好博逊这个男孩十一点时正被母亲带去医院检查的路上。过去正在进行的动作用过去进行时。

  2. 形容词和副词

  主要考查的知识点:形容词作定语,形容词和副词的比较等级,词义比较等。重点复习:

  ①形容词和副词均属修饰性词类,但因被修饰的内容有所不同而具备不同的用法,高考非常注重对此进行 考查,在完形填空和语法填空中出现过大量此类试题。(形容词与连系动词连用及修饰名词;修饰行为动词、形容词、副词、过去分词及整个句中用副词)

  ②两个事物进行比较应用比较级,三个或三个以上事物进行比较应用最高级。

  ③形容词和副词在特定的语境中词义的比较。

  ④比较级的程度修饰语(much,very much,a lot,a great deal,far,by far,even,still,a bit,a little,rather,any,数词,倍数,分数,百分数等)。⑤易混副词的辨析。如:specially /especially/ particularly等。

  首先,要让学生确切的知道,形容词在句子中充当的句子成分和所处位置。a.形容词可以放在名词前面做定语;b.形容词可以在系动词后面作表语;c.形容词可以放在宾语后做宾语补足语。副词在句子中所充当的句子成分和所处的位置。a.副词放在动词的前后做动词状语;b.副词放在形容词前做形容词的状语;c.副词放在副词前面做状语。这样,学生会比较明确的判断句子所缺的是什么。如,his teacher took a deep drink,

  smiled______(warm),and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.

  其次,要明确形容词和副词之间的词性和词形转换。根据前文,学生能够判断句子却的是形容词还是副词之后,根据上下文逻辑结构和句子意思,通过加减前后缀的办法把题目做正确。如2010年广东卷考查了副词warmly: ... His teacher took a deep drink, smiled ________(warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water...另外,2007年广东卷考查了副词merrily:...We drank together and talked

  _______(merry) till far into the night...

  第三,注意形容词和副词的比较级别,同级比较用as...as...和not so...as...,其中要加形容词副词的原级。用形容词和副词取决于前面的动词是系动词还是实意动词;比较级有比较连词than或者根据上下文判断有

  隐性的比较;最高级前面有标志性的词the。

  【例1】—What do you think of the film we saw last night?

  —I feel _______ that the film is well worth seeing once again?

  A.

  strong

  B. strongly

  C. hardly

  D. hard

  【解析】B

  that引导一个宾语从句,由此可以判断 feel在此不是一个连系动词,而是一个实义动词。I feel strongly that...“我坚信……”。故答案为 B。

  练习:

  1. One of the

  (bad) gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher, Ms Chen. (广州一模)

  2. I put the paper aside and turned to the _____ one, at the top of which…(黄冈二模)

  3. Many other actors are ____ (badly)off than me at present,…(惠州一模)

  4. In 2006, over 40,000 overseas students came back, with 33,000 of them being self-fund students, 20% ____ (many)than the year before. (十堰二模)

  【解析】

  1. worst

  考查的是形容词的最高级,bad的最高级形式是 worst。

  2. next/other

  句意:我把论文放在一旁,转而去拿上面的一份。考查的形容词的用法。

  3. worse

  考查的是形容词比较级的用法,badly off固定短语,意思是情况不好的,其比较级为worse off。

  4. more

  句意:2006年一年4万多留学生回国,其中3300人属于自费生,比往年多了20%,本题考查的many的比较级,用more。

  3. 名词

         名词在语法填空中出现的几率比较低,但是名词却是做自由填空的一个非常重要的参照物。名词在提示性填空部分,最可能出现的题就是动词转化成名词这种形式。但是学生必须明确名词的特点。单数可数名词前面必须有三类修饰限定词:a.必须有a/an,the;b.必须有形容词性的物主代词;c.必须有指示代词this或者that以及不定代词。三者是必有其一,互不兼容。不可数名词最显著的特点就是不能与a/an连用,

  是英语中要注意一词多义的情况。

  4. 词形或者词性变化

  给出单词的原形,通过句子分析,缺少什么成分,再用正确的单词形式补充完整。这属于比较基础的单词拼写方面的能力要求。

  练习:

  1. I must know how to care for others and try not to

  (understand) them. (惠州一模)

  2. you have done well and made great achievement in the

  entertain) field. (大连一模)

  3. These people have made great

  (contribute) to China with their work.(昆山二模)

  4. “Thirty-five cents,” she said

  (rude). (苏州一模)

  5. I don’t know if he placed the poem next to the failing grade to ______ (soft) the blow, but it work. (深圳二模)

  【解析】

  1. misunderstand

  考查understand的反义词,用misunderstand。

  2. entertainment

  考查动词entertain的名词形式,用entertainment。

  3. contributions

  考查动词contribute的名词形式,由于前面没有冠词,用复数加s, 故contributions。

  4. rudely

  考查形容词的副词形式,当修饰动词时用副词形式,rude的副词形式加ly,故用rudely。

  5. soften

  考查形容词soft的动词形式,用soften。

  1. 介词

      介词包括表时间、方位、方式的介词on,in,at,with,by,through等。介词最大的特点可以和动词、形容词等构成固定短语,通常都是介词在后,再就是和名词构成固定短语,尤其是要注意是否加冠词的情况。同时,学生要清楚介词后通常都是加名词、代词(宾格、名词性物主代词、反身代词)、动名词和宾

  语从句等。         如2010年高考英语(广东卷)考查了with表伴随的用法:... The young man went home _______ a happy heart...;2009年广东卷考查了介词on和at: ... Jane stopped where a small crowd of men had gathered. She found some good quality pipes ______ sale... When Jane got home, with her small but well-chosen present in her bag, her parents were already _______table having supper...

  A) 介词在句中的位置

  介词活跃句关键, 短语合成形简单,

  独作成分看不见, 介短表定状可担。

  before时空在之前, after之后off远。

  直上 over,above斜, under,below下相反。

  直到till,on表面, 穿过through,for因缘。

  by表旁边in里面, with伴随by车船。

  时间地点at、in、on, 二者between多among,

  behind后面beside旁, 附近near沿着along。

  from来自like像, 表示目的for,to当。

  of所属周围round, 向上up向下down。

  B) on, at, in用法巧记

  on,at,in这三个常用介词都可以表示时间和地点,但具体用法不同,多数学生对它们混淆不清。现在只要记住了口诀,就可避免at,on,in的种种误用。

  1. on,in,at表示时间

  on“在具体某一天”

  “当某时”,动名词, arrival,death前;

  用in一般“上”“下”“晚”;

  on用于天,in用于月、季、年;

  限定三时in要变。

  at是个时间点,

  “工作”“时刻”与“圣诞”。

  at noon(night),in the day,

  习惯用语记心间。

  注:①on表示在具体某一天及具体某一天的上午、下午和晚上。

  例 On Mother's Day, we should sned flowers to our mother. 母亲节,我们应该送花给我们的母亲。

  On my arrival home,I found he had gone already.当我到家时,我发现他已经走了。

  ② 当early,late用于句首修饰介词短语时,尽管表示具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上,都要用in,泛指一般的上、下午,晚上也用in 。

  例 Early in the morning of National Day,I got up to catch the first bus to the zoo. 国庆节一清早,我便起床去赶到动物园的第一班公共汽车。

  My father begins work at 8:00 in the morning and stops work at 4:00 in the afternoon. 我父亲上午8点上班,下午4点下班。

  ③于将来时态表示“过一段时间后” 及表示“在……期间” 和“在某个季节,某年、某月” 都用in。

  例 I hear he’ll be back in a month.我听说他将于一个月后回来。

  In the course of the last lesson in French,little Franz was listening to the master very attentively.在那最后一堂法语课中,小弗朗兹非常用心地听着老师讲。

  Xiao Ming was born in December of 2015. 小明生于2015年12月。

  ④当 morning,afternoon,evening有前位定语或后置定语限定时,就不用in而用on。

  例 on a hot (summer) noon 在一个炎热(夏天)的中午

  on Monday Morning 在星期一上午

  on the morning of March 8th在3月8日上午

  ⑤ 表示某时某刻及在work,Christmas前用at。

  例 We get up at eight o’clock. 我们8点起床。

  My father are busily at work all day. 我父亲整天忙于工作。

  In western countries children get present from their parents at Christmas. 在西方国家,孩子们在圣诞节得到父亲给的礼物。

  2. on,in,at表示地点

  on“在之上”接触面,“靠近、接壤、左右边”①;

  in“在里面”和“中间”②;

  at表示小地点, “入口、车站、电影院”③;

  home出现定语、冠, 须用in把at换④;

  “夜间、车辆”若有限, 及“在途中”on在前⑤。

  注: ①在表示地点时,指“在……之上(与表面接触)” “靠近、接壤”及“在左右边”都用on。

  例 There is an English-Chinese dictionary and two grammar books on the big desk.那张大写字台上有一本英汉词典和两本语法书。

  Korea lies on the northeast of China. 朝鲜位于中国东北方。

  Tom was sitting on my left when we saw the film yesterday. 我们昨天看电影时,汤姆坐在我左边。

  ②表示“在……里面”(即物体内部),“在……中间”(即middle前)都用in。

  例 Jim turned the key in the lock and opened the door. 吉姆把钥匙插在锁孔里,转动一下,打开了门。

  Soon they were in the middle of the river. 很快他们就游到了河中间。

  练习:

  1. I was always told that the three Ps,…,were a sure path_______ success. (临沂二模)

  2."Don't be always particular _

  your present work and income. (无锡一模)

  3. It began to make sense to me that I could include praise along ______ constructive criticism. (深圳二模)

  4. He showed the public a limited edition four-wheel drive car, which is especially made _______his personal taste. (梅州一模)

  5. Five were in critical condition______ head trauma(外伤, 损伤), said Liz Crouch, the center's chief operating officer. (邯郸二模)

  【解析】

  1. to用介词to,path to… success通外成功之路,固定用法。

  2. about 句意:不要总是挑剔现在的工作和收入。Particular about固定搭配,过分讲究的。

  3. with 句意:我开始觉得除了建设性的批评之外也学会表扬变得有意义了。along with固定搭配,除……外。

  4. to句意:他向公众展示了一个缩小的四轮汽车版本,这很和他的口味。 to one’s taste是固定搭配,意思是和某人的口味。

  5. with 句意:手术中心主任Liz Crouch,说,由于头部受到外伤,有五个人状态很不好。with 做伴随状语。

  2. 连词(从属连词、并列连词)

       连词的考查包括的内容比较宽泛,主要区分开两大部分,即并列句和复合句。这是做连词题的关键。

         并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子,其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要,相互之间没有从属关系,是平行并列的关系。它们之间用连词连结。包括表转折的连词but,while;表并列的连词and,or;表因果的连词because,so等等。如2008年广东卷考查了连词but: ... He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, ______ he felt very

  happy since the crop did “grow” higher...

         从属复合句由一个主句(Principal Clause)和一个或一个以上的从句(Subordinate Clause)构成。用疑问词作引导词,主句是全句的主体,通常可以独立存在;从句则是一个句子成分,不能独立存在。从句不能单独成句,但它也有主语部分和谓语部分,就像一个句子一样。所不同在于,从句须由一个关联词(connective引导。主从复合句包括形容词性从句(The Attributive Clause);副词性从句(The Adverbial

  Clause);名词性从句(The Noun Clause)三大类。

         主从复合句和并列句最大的区别就是主句对从句有很大的影响,从句是从属于主句的一个句子成分,有自己独立的主谓等句子成分的同时,还要受到主句的制约和影响。同时学生要对三大类句子的基本特点特别清楚,比如,定语从句的关系代词和关系副词的选用,非限制性定语从句的特点等;名词性从句中同

  位语从句和定语从句的区别等。

  A) 引导各种从句的连词叫从属连词。如名词性从句的引导词what, who, which, when, where, whatever, whoever, whichever, whether;副词从句引导词where, wherever, when, if , how, unless, until …

  练习:

  1. Many things must be considered such as

  the person is interested in and how old he is. (广州一模)

  2. My face turned red on hearing __

  my mother said. (大连一模)

  3. She would point out

  they had mastered they could learn what they had missed. (沈阳一模)

  4.The American Academy of Pediatrics (儿科) says

  children really need for health development is more good, old-fashioned playtime. (四校联考)

  5. I almost started to yell his name _____ I suddenly remembered he was in bed asleep. (德州一模)

  【解析】

  1. what

  be intersted in sth.介词in后要接名词作宾语,在这里就只能用what,.这实际上就是 what is the person interested in 的变形。

  2. what

  句意:听到母亲的话,我的脸一下子变红了。动词said后面需要接宾语,只能用what。

  3. what

  动词master后面需要接宾语,用what。

  4. what

  动词need后面接宾语,用what。

  5. when

  句意:我总喊他的名字,这时我突然想起来他已经熟睡了。根据语境,只能用when,意为这时。

  B) 并列句的各种关联词叫并列连词。如and, but, or, though, although, so… 挖掉关联词,要想补上连词思路必须与作者思路相吻合。

  练习:

  1.I had no idea how to do it. I tried to stay positive and persevered

  I finally found the solution. (广州二模)

  2. I asked my classmates about her interest

  I made my final decision. (吕梁一模)

  3.Tom, an 8—year—old boy, entered a hotel coffee shop

  sat at a table.(临汾一模)

  4. It’s difficult for parents of nearly every family to teach their children to be responsible for housework,

  with one of the following suggestions, you really can get your children to help at home. (太原一模)

  【解析】1. until

  until 直到,不能再用and,因为前面已经有一个了。

  2. and

  前后句表示并列顺承关系,用and。

  3. and

  前后句表示并列顺承关系,用and。

  4. but

  并列句中表示转折,只能用but。

  3. 冠词

  主要考查的知识点:冠词的基本用法、零冠词的用法、抽象名词具体化和固定搭配。

  复习重点:(1)定冠词的用法:主要是一些记忆性的东西,比较繁杂,可以记几个顺口溜:特指双熟悉,上文已提及;世上独无二,序数最高级;普转专有名,习语及乐器。

  ①“特指”指某些人或事物。如:The Englishmen in the dining room are having supper now.②谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物,即“语境特指”。如:Take the medicine.③上文已提及的人或事物,即“前照应特指”。如:He bought a house. I have been to the house. ④世界上独一无二的事物。如:The sun sets.⑤序数词或形容词最高级前。如:I live on the second floor.⑥由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如:The United States.⑦一些习惯短语中或西洋乐器前。如:in the way,by the hour,on the other hand,all the year round,play the piano the violin.

  2)不加冠词的几种情况:下列情况应免冠,代词限定名词前;专有名词不可数,学科球类三餐饭;复数名词表泛指,两节星期月份前;颜色语种和国名,称呼习语及头衔。①名词前已有作定语用的 this,that,some,any,my等限定词。②专有名词和不可数名词前。如:Unity is strength.③表示学科的名词前。如:Economics is different from politics.④球类活动的名词及三餐总称前。如:He likes playing football and always has supper outside. ⑤复数名词表示泛指(一类人或事物)时。如:They are students and we are teachers.⑥节日、季节、星期、月份前。如:Spring follows winter. We have few classes on Sunday.⑦表示颜色、语种和国家的非全称名词前。如:White is a beautiful color in China.⑧在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。如:Where is Dad,Mum?Bush was made president of the USA again.⑨某些习惯短语中。如:in bed,in spite of,by chance,lose heart,catch fire,catch sight of,go to school,find fault with,make use of,take exception to(反对)。(零冠词在语法填空的练习中只出现过一次,正规模拟考试中没有出现过,我们只作了解,不作为重点。)

  3)不定冠词的几种特殊用法:①专有名词前用不定冠词,表示“像……的一个人或物”。如:He thinks he is a Napoleon.②姓名前用不定冠词,表示“某个叫……的人”,多指不认识的人。如:A Miss Smith came to see you that afternoon.③用于某些物质名词前,表示“一种、一份、一阵”等。如:—What would you like to drink?—A tea and a coffee.④用于某些抽象名词前,使抽象概念具体化。这种用法的名词有 surprise,knowledge,success,failure,pleasure,interest,joy等等。如:All his efforts ended in failure.⑤不定冠词用在population,history,area,height,weight,depth,length,speed等词前。如:To escape the pull of the earth,a rocket must reach a speed of40,000 km h。

  【例1】Of all the subjects,I like_____ history the best because it gives us _______ useful knowledge of things in the past.

  A. the;a

  B. /;a

  C. a; the

  D. a;

  /

  【解析】B

  history是不可数名词,前面一般不加冠词;knowledge也是不可数名词,但 knowledge前加不定冠词,后跟 of时组成 a knowledge of结构,表示“对……精通、了解”。所以答案为 B。

  练习

  1. But my mood quickly changed when I saw_____ first question. (广州二模)

  2. He gave me

  expensive gift for the favor which I offered him the last week.

  3. Tom,

  8—year—old boy, entered a hotel coffee shop. (深一模)

  4.He talked about how I wrestled with him in the evenings and _____ good many other things. (保定二模)

  5. I told the driver that my baby had just had heart operation and that she’s having ____ heart failure.

  (连云港二模)

  6. Mr. Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned

  farm, which looked almost abandoned luckily, he also had a cow which produced milk everyday.(2015 广东)

  7. For all your information, you don't have to go to

  library to find the relevant resource and take notes on it.(2015 湖南)

  8. In the beginning, there’s only

  very small amount of unfairness in the world,but everyone added a little,always thinking that it’s only small and not very important,and look where we’ve ended up today. (2017 广东)

  9. Welcome to the Zhoukoudian caves here in China.It is ____ great pleasure to meet you students from England,who are interested in archaeology.(2016 北京四中一模)

  10. Diana Jacobs thought her family had ___ workable plan to pay for college for her 21-year-old twin sons:a combination of savings, income, scholarships, and a modest amount of borrowing.(2016 南昌一中一模)

  【解析】

  7. the

  考查冠词。go to the library去图书馆;in the library 在图书馆里,去某个图书馆特指用定冠词the。

  8. a

  a small amount of(少量的)是固定搭配,本题考查的是不定冠词的用法,答案填a。

  9. a

  考查冠词。句意:这次遇到来自英国的学生是件高兴的事,故用a。

  10. a

  依据文章可知,Jacobs一家有着一个可行的还贷计划,此处表示泛指,因此用不定冠词a修饰。

  4. 代词

  主要考查的知识点:不定代词和替代词的用法,It的用法和人称代词宾格。复习重点:

  ① 指代必须准确无误。

  ②在使用人称代词、反身代词、物主代词这三类代词时,要注意它们在句中的人称、单复数及性别与所有

  格的一致性

  ③疑问代词的用法

  ④it,one,that是高考命题锁定的三个代词

  【例1】—Which of the three ways shall I take to the village?

  — _______ way as you please.

  A. Each

  B. Every

  C. Any

  D. Either

  【解析】C

  根据句中 three一词,可以相应的判断答语中应用表示三者的词,即在 A、B、C 中选择。另外,从语境上看,问者询问的是“我应该走哪条路可以到达乡村?”而从答话人的语气看,应是“哪条路(任何一条路)都可以”。故选 C。

  5. 形容词、副词

  主要考查的知识点:形容词作定语,形容词和副词的比较等级,词义比较等。

  重点复习:

  ①形容词和副词均属修饰性词类,但因被修饰的内容有所不同而具备不同的用法,高考非常注重对此进行考查,在完形填空和语法填空中出现过大量此类试题。(形容词与连系动词连用及修饰名词;修饰行为动词、形容词、副词、过去分词及整个句中用副词)

  ②两个事物进行比较应用比较级,三个或三个以上事物进行比较应用最高级。

  ③形容词和副词在特定的语境中词义的比较。

  ④比较级的程度修饰语(much,very much,a lot,a great deal,far,by far,even,still,a bit,a little,rather,any,数词,倍数,分数,百分数等)。

  ⑤易混副词的辨析。如:specially /especially/ particularly等。

  【例1】—What do you think of the film we saw last night?

  —I feel _______ that the film is well worth seeing once again?

  A. strong

  B. strongly

  C. hardly

  D. hard

  【解析】B

  that引导一个宾语从句,由此可以判断 feel在此不是一个连系动词,而是一个实义动词。I feel strongly that...“我坚信……”。故答案为 B。挖掉代词,句子的结构受到破坏,句子间出现不连贯。

  练习:

  1. I patiently walked to the library, took my seat and did some deep breathing to help relax

  . (广州二模)

  2. The little boy pulled

  right hand out of the pocket and studied a number of coins in it. (深一模)

  3. The driver did

  to help and even stopped once to pick up more passengers.(厦门二模)

  4.If you give your children … that they can never do anything quite right, then they will regard

  as unfit or unable persons. (龙口二模)

  5. Some 134,000 Chinese students went to study abroad, and 120,000 of

  were self-funded students,…(烟台二模)

  【解析】

  1. myself 考查反身代词,relax oneself意思是使某人放松。

  2. his 考查形容词性物主代词,意思是某人的。

  3. nothing

  固定用法,do nothing意思是什么都没做,nothing代词。

  4. themselves 考查名词性物主代词,themselves意思是他们自己。

  5. them 考查人称代词的宾格形式,意思是他们。

  6. 情态动词

  主要考查的知识点:情态动词基本含义和用法;情态动词表推测的用法及情态动词+ have+ v ed”结构等。

  重点复习:

  ① may might,can could 表 示 可 能。

  ② must can could may might(have done)表示对过去发生事情的推测。

  ③should ought to + have + done表示对过去的责备。

  ④would rather + have done以及 had better + have done表示后悔。

  ⑤will shall表示请求,许可。⑥could might should have done表示虚拟语气。

  【例1】—Summer Holiday is drawing near. Are you going home for the holiday?

  —I haven’t decided yet. I

  go home,but it depends on the weather.

  A. must

  B. need

  C. may

  D. will

  【解析】C

  本题考查情态动词表示可能性的用法。must表示非常肯定的语气,need不用于肯定,will表示“意愿”,而 may表示把握不大的一种可能性,后面常跟 but分句。故答案为 C。

  7. 挖掉表示起承转合的副词或副词性短语

  此功能与关联词相似。只是这种副词(短语)在用法上更加灵活多变。典型的有though, however, also, therefore, still, besides, in addition, instead, or ,otherwise,first, second, then, finally, in a word等等。

  练习:

  1. This,

  , didn’t bother me because maths had always been my strongest subject.

  (广州二模)

  2. Don’t always scold and give lots of praise

  . (深圳罗湖)

  【解析】

  1. however 这里表示转折,用however。

  2. Instead

  这里意思是代替…,instead是表示起承转合的副词。

  8. 特殊句型(或固定短语)

  考查对固定结构(短语)的熟悉掌握程度。属于字词层面考查语法。

  练习:

  1. It was not long

  the waitress came back and then she began to wipe down the table.(湘潭一模)

  2. …

  was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldn’t eat MSG! (广州一模)

  3. So careless was I _______ I had forgotten all about that. (深二模)

  4.…"as a matter of _

  , you have done well and made great achievement…(龙口一模)

  5.When Carettson, 29, a passenger, was trying to bring

  Nicole's life…(济南二模)

  【解析】

  1. before 考查固定句式,it is not long before…并不很久以前…

  2. It

  强调句型结构,it is …that…意思是只有…才…

  3. that so…that…强调句型,被强调的部分倒装,意思是如此…以至于…

  4. fact

  as a matter of fact,固定短语,意思是事实是…

  5. back

  固定短语,bring back意思是带回…,挽回…。

  9. 定语从句的引导词

  主要考查的知识点:引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词的选择,非限制性定语从句,由 whose,where,when,that,as和“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句是高考的热点。

  复习重点:①when引导的定语从句。②where引导的定语从句和地点状语从句、表语从句的区别。③which引导非限制性定语从句时(句子作先行词)和并列句的区别。④as引导的定语从句“such...as、the same...as”,以及和目的 结果状语从句的辨别。⑤分隔式定语从句的识别。⑥能够区别定语从句和同位语从句。

  【例1】I’ll never forget the days _____ I lived in the factory with the workers,______ is a great help to my article.

  A. that;which

  B. when;which

  C. which;that

  D. when;who

  【解析】B 第一空后的分句中的谓语动词是不及物动词 live,其后不需要宾语,只需要作状语的关系副词,故第一空用 when;而第二个句子是对前面整个句子进行说明,因此用 which。故答案为 B。

  必须根据定语从句的信息和先行词进行推断,从而补出引导词,这本身就是考查逻辑思维能力。

  练习:

  1.The exam,

  was originally to be held in our classroom, was changed to the library at last. (长春二模)

  2 Then I went to the department store

   I worked part-time and bought her a present (广州一模)

  3. It was a poem about me, ______ included the time.(深二模)

  4. At the same time, there had been a growing number of overseas students _______came back to China after study. (长沙二模)

  5. More and more Chinese students go abroad for study,

  is supported by the government. (营口二模)

  【解析】

  1. which

  考查非限制性定语从句,先行词做主语或宾语时用which引导。

  2. where

  考查的是定语从句,先行词是地点,引导词是where。

  3. which

  考查的是定语从句,前面句子是整个句子的主语,用 which。

  4. who 定语从句当中,表示人,做主语时用who引导。

  5. which

  考查的是定语从句,前面句子是整个句子的主语,用 which。

  10. 状语从句

  主要考查的知识点:时间、目的、条件、原因、地点和让步状语从句。

  重点复习:①时间状语从句,尤其是 as,since,while,when,before,until等连接词。

  ②when / where引导的状语从句和定语从句的区别。③让步状语从句的倒装。④与非谓语动词作状语的区别和转化。

  【例11】After the war,a new school building was set up ______ there has once been a theatre.

  A. that

  B. where

  C. what

  D. who

  【解析】B

  这是 where引导的状语从句,不能将其视为定语从句,因为没有先行词。

  11. 名词性从句

  主要考查的知识点:名词性从句主要考查语序、时态和引导词。

  重点复习:①whether,if和 that的区别。②that从句和 wh- 从句的区别。③wh- 引导的名词性从句不含疑问意义,相当于一个名词后加定语从句。如:The book is where you left it just now.④连接代词和连接副词的选择。

  【例1】—Excuse me,but can you tell the way to this small town?

  —It depends on you go. There are several ways of getting there.

  A. where

  B. how

  C. when

  D. whether

  【解析】B 本题主要考查几个不同的疑问词引导名词性从句时意义上的区别。乍一看,本题四个选项都符合空白处的句意。但看完题目的最后一句话中的信息后方可判断应该是“怎样走”。故答案为 B。

  12. 时态、语态

  主要考查的知识点:动词的时态、语态是每年必考点,也是历年高考重点考查的项目,通常考2~3个小题。重点考查的是现在完成时、一般过去时、过去进行时、将来完成时、完成进行时等,多和语态一起考查;且通常以对话的形式出现且常出现两种时态混合在一起进行比较。时态理解不准确是考生常见的错误。把握住命题人的意图是至关重要的。一般来说,命题人在考查时态这个内容时总是设置一个语言情景来实现,所以理解语言情景是关键,同时要在这个语言环境里找到动作发生的时间或隐含的时间关系,只要理解了情景与动作的时间关系,就不难把握命题意图。注意不要断章取义,同时还要注意时态一致。

  重点复习:

  ①一般现在时和一般过去时的区别。

  ②现在完成时和一般过去时的区别。

  ③一般过去时同过去完成时的区别。

  ④一般现在时和现在进行时以及一般过去时同过去进行时的区别。

  ⑤“系动词 + 过去分词”的用法。如:get paid;remain covered;look lost等形式的用法。⑥进行时态的被动语态及主动表被动的用法。

  【例1】Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you wouldn’t have time to before the party.

  A. get changed

  B. get change

  C. get changing

  D. get to change

  【解析】A

  本题考查“连系动词 + 过去分词”的用法。答案为 A。

  13. 非谓语动词和独立主格结构

  主要考查的知识点:非谓语动词每年必考,通常考 1~ 3小题,主要考查:

  ①v -ing、不定式作宾语的区别。

  ②非谓语动词作宾补的区别。

  ③非谓语动词作状语的区别。

  ④非谓语动词作定语时的区别。

  ⑤非谓语动词的时态、语态、否定式和复合结构。(注意:多次模拟试题的语法填空中都有考到非谓语动词。)

  重点复习:

  ①识别非谓语动词在句中的成分,不定式、v -ing形式、过去分词各自所作的成分是不同的。

  ②识记哪些动词只能接不定式作宾语,哪些动词只能接动名词作宾语,哪些动词接不定式或动名词作宾语没有太大区别,哪些动词接不定式和动名词作宾语区别很大,哪些动词接带 to的不定式作宾语补足语,哪些动词接不带 to的不定式作宾语补足语。(stop,forget,remember,regret..etc.)

  ③have、 get 、make等动词所接的宾语补语的选用。

  ④非谓语动词作状语和状语从句的联系和区别。

  ⑤熟悉解题方法。

  解此类题时,可用“三步曲”:首先要根据语法知识弄清句子结构,看选项作何成分,结合搭配和句式习惯确定是何种非谓语动词形式;第二步,根据非谓语动词所表示的动作与句子谓语的动作发生的先后确定用何种非谓语动词的时态;第三步,按照非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系确定语态,如果逻辑主语不是句子的主语,那就可判断要么是状语从句,要么是独立主格结构。

  【例1】Mark often attempts to escape whenever he breaks traffic regulations.

  A. having been fined

  B. to be fined

  C. to have been fined

  D. being fined

  【解析】D

  escape后须接动词 - ing形式,而句子主语为 fine的承受者,故用被动式。attempt和 fine之间并无先后关系,因此不能用完成时态。故答案为 D。

  14. 倒装语序、主谓一致关系、强调结构及其他

  主要考查的知识点:从历届高考真题可以看出,高考并没有完全放弃测试语言形式。语言知识这类的题目,尤其是强调和倒装两部分,在语法填空中有考查到强调句和it作形式主语+that引导主语从句的辨析。从试题分析来看,加大知识类题目的结构复杂程度和句意理解难度,注重知识类题目的情景化是近几年高考命题的趋势。

  重点复习:①考查知识之间的相互交叉的现象,加强综合考查语法知识的力度应该是这一内容命题的新趋势。②it形式主语和 there be句型的结合。③强调句和定语从句的结合。④情态动词和反意疑问句的结合。⑤祈使句和反意疑问句的结合。⑥主谓一致和时态语态的结合。⑦独立主格结构、平行结构和从句的结合。

  【例1】I failed in the final examination last term and only then _______ the importance of studies.

  A. I realized

  B. I had realized

  C. had I realized

  D. did I realized

  【解析】D这是一道倒装和时态结合考查的题目。only then位于句首,句子应进行部分倒装。“意识到”的动作是指“过去某时的动作”,而不是指 failed之前的动作。所以答案为 D。

  练习:

  1. Not until the early years of the 19th century

  what heat is.

  A. man did know

  B. man knew

  C. didn’t man know

  D. did man know 2. Not until I began to work

  how much time I had wasted.

  A. didn’t I realize

  B. did I realize

  C. I didn’t realize

  D. I realize 3. Never before

  seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.

  A. had she

  B. she had

  C. has she

  D. she has 【解析】

  1. D

  句意:到19世纪初人类才知道热是什么。not until引导的时间状语位于句首时,后面主句部分倒装。

  2. B

  带否定意义的词或短语放在句首时,语序需要部分倒装,这里not until是否定副词,因此选B。

  3. C

  考查倒装, 否定词never位于句首,要用部分倒装,助动词提前,句意:“她从没有看到任何和Robert

  一起打球的人”

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