要想提高阅读理解能力，在高考中顺利拿下阅读理解高分，首先就要逐步提高自己的阅读能力。另外，熟悉并掌握阅读理解不同题型对应的解题技巧也是十分必要的。
著名学者柯鲁克曾主张将大量的英语阅读作为教学的重要手段之一。英语的阅读能力在英语教学中占有极其重要的地位， 因为它是英语对话的主要环节，所以培养、提高英语阅读能力也就成为了英语教学的首要目标。
一、阅读方面的问题
1.阅读语法上的问题现在的英语阅读材料，其语法的结构复杂，运用了大量的复杂语句，其语言表达的变化过大，隐含的信息分布较广。即使认识每一个单词，但是在整个语篇的理解上不能够做到准确到位。
2.阅读词汇上的问题在英语阅读材料中，对大量的生词，也考虑到因人而异，有的学生词汇掌握较多，烦恼也相对较少。但是词汇积累较少的学生，容易忘掉学过的词汇或者是对于其意义记不太清楚，也有可能和同形词发生混淆，导致阅读压力增大。
3.阅读语篇上的问题。1)对于整篇文章的归纳不强。2)在英语阅读文章中，经常会运用到比喻、借代等手法，导致文章意思不够明确，学生难以理解文章的整体意思。3)对部分涉及到其他学科知识的文章，导致对此类文章的理解就更难了。
4.阅读心理上的问题曾经拜访的心理学者告诉我，当人在阅读的时候，如果紧张、焦急，很容易产生恐惧或者抗拒心理， 使得阅读能力不能发挥正常的水平。
5.阅读技能上问题。1)不良的阅读习惯主要表现在逐词阅读、口读以及用笔或者手指指着读，缺少了解文章意群的观念， 直接用视觉接受文章文字信息。2)缺乏阅读技巧，主要包括语法分析、句子的逻辑、承接语以及判断文章大意等。
二、提高阅读能力的策略
1.加强英语词汇与惯用手法的积累
高中学生英语阅读能力的高低是与掌握词汇量的多少密不可分的，通过对学生的了解、观察来看，大多数学生掌握的词汇量相对较少，这也是影响学生阅读能力的主要因素之一。
1)构词记忆法英语的词汇大约有120 万左右，但是多数都是由构词法来组成的。构词法中包含了派生、合成以及转化。在教学中，学生一般使用的是前缀和后缀的含义用法， 此法能够依据已经了解的词汇来猜出相应的派生词， 也能够达到扩充词汇的目的。例如，super 这一前缀包含了“超过、超越”的意思，就可以联系猜出：超级市场：supermarket； 超人：superman； 超级明星：superstar。
2）联想记忆法联想法就是由一个词联想到一些与之相关联或者无关联的词汇， 例如：live 生活，就能够联想到直播、活、享受人生等词义。
3）广泛阅读记忆法想要让自己的阅读能够流利，就需要大量的阅读来丰富自身词汇量。曾经有一句名言就指出了阅读与词汇量之间的关系“To readwell, you need a strong vocabulary. To build astrong vocabulary, you need to read well.”
2.牢固掌握语法知识最近几年来，在高考的听力阅读中，对阅读理解短文的句式正逐渐走向复杂，掌握牢固的语法相关知识的好处也就随之体现出来了。比如在阅读理解中遇到难以理解的长句，就可以运用语法手段，进行分析，弄清楚各部分的关系，才能够正确掌握整个句子意思， 才能最终掌握整篇文章的意思。
3.培养学生良好的阅读习惯，掌握有效的阅读技巧良好的英语阅读习惯， 要求学生在平时的学习中多读、多背名作和写作精彩的段落，以增强自身语感。要让学生改正其不声读、不回读等不良习惯。只有这样，才能进行有效的阅读并提高其准确率。
有了良好的阅读习惯， 还需要正确的阅读技巧的辅助。作为英语教师，应当教授学生一切相关英语阅读提高的正确的思维方法。一般应注意以下几点：
1）Skimming—粗略阅读。粗略的阅读即快速的浏览、阅读全文，掌握文章主要意思，明确全文的意图。
2）Skipping—跳跃阅读。阅读时， 做到一目十行，在全文中找到相关信息，无关联的尽量一带而过。
3）Guessing the new words—猜测生词。在高中的英语阅读中，经常会遇到生词，在不同的文章、语境中，单词所表示的意思都会不一样。这就需要学生根据上下文的意思以及构词法来猜测其意思。
三、注重合理的评价与课外阅读
1.合理的评价作为高中英语教师，在适当的时间选取合理的评价，让学生体会到成功的喜悦，也能够大大的激发他们对英语学习的兴趣。试想一下，当学生能够经常取得成功，对英语阅读的恐惧心理也能够越来越轻，自信心也能够越来越强，学习热情也能水涨船高。经过长时间的影响，学生的自主学习能力也能够得到进一步的提高，阅读能力也随之提高，学生的词汇、语法、语篇等障碍也能够得到全面的清除。
2.课外补充阅读在课余时间，除了教材以外，应扩充学生的课外英语阅读量。一般来说，课外阅读量应保持在平时教材的两倍左右。最好是选择一些叙事、幽默、人物类型的文章，才能有效的调动学生的阅读兴趣，也能让学生更好的融入英语阅读当中。
总之， 目前高考听力中的阅读量以及阅读理解的量越来越大。在阅读教学中，除了掌握英语阅读技巧以外，还要坚持一定的限时阅读训练，以提高阅读和理解的速度。
还有最最重要的便是：千万要背单词，背单词，背单词！不要本末倒置！
综观近几年全国各地的高考英语试题，不难发现“阅读理解”题在“稳中有变，变中求新”中加重对考生实际能力的考察，因此，考生在复习迎考中不仅要有扎实的语言基本功，还要加强对解题技巧的训练。
一、总体思路
阅读理解的正确作答，从整体上我们可以归纳为两大思路：
第一，A→Q→A（A=Article，Q=Question），即先从整体去阅读文章，后看问题，接着根据文章去解答问题。对于这种解题思路多为考生在平时常用的练习方式，它可以帮助考生准确把握文章的主旨大意及作者写文章的目的意图，因而对于解决综合推理判断的题目是非常好的方法，但这种方法却有其弊端：花费一定的时间，阅读速度较慢。在考场上，时间是极其宝贵的，因而很多考生较少采用此种办法。
第二，Q→A→Q，即先把整个问题快速看一遍，然后带着问题在文章中找答案。此种方法最大的特点就是节省时间，而且针对性很强，如果问题是事实性的和细节性的，那准确率也是比较高的，但它的缺点就是在解决具有推理判断或是综合性的问题时效果就不太明显了。所以考生应该灵活应对，寻找适合自己的解题技巧。为此，笔者总结归纳出如下几种方法：
1．直接法和排除法。所谓的直接法即为在文章中很容易找到的答案，类似这样的题目大多设计在开头的小题目中，较为容易；排除法是根据你所阅读的印象，可以发现这是虚假信息，在干扰你的思维，有的干扰项在文章中隐藏得很深，需要你加倍留意。
2．相似法和跳读法。考生可以根据题干中所出现的相关的重要的某几个信息词或句式，在文章的某一处找到其相同或相似的词及句式，然后根据此处所提供的信息进行加工整合，最终提炼出精华，实际上这一过程就包含了跳读法，不需要逐字逐行地去找，根据题干的提示跳读找到相关的句子，加以分析推敲，从而找到正确的答案。
3．猜测法和推敲法。在高考的试题当中经常会出现这样的题目，即让考生根据某一段话来猜测某一生词或句子的意思，对此考生只能在某一出处细细品味推敲上下文所包含的意思，从而找到答案。
4．概括法和推理法。此种方法主要用来解决一组题目中的最后一二道综合题目，这类题目难度相对较大，需要考生具有一定的解题能力，运用概括推理法的前提条件是认真阅读文章开头一段和最后的结尾，同时文章中每一段的第一句话。以上方法需要在平时多加训练，注重总结，真正变成自己的解题法宝。
二、解题技巧
历年全国高考英语阅读理解的题型无非基本都是考查主旨大意、词义猜测、推理判断和细节理解四大题型。其中，命题以细节理解题型为主，推理判断题为辅，又兼顾词义猜测题和主旨大意题型。细节题和推理判断题主要考查的是对原文具体细节的理解和把控能力，难度相对较大，广大考生除了平时必要的阅读量和词汇量的积累以外，掌握一定的解题技巧对解答阅读理解题来说也是至关重要的。
主旨大意型
干扰项 可能是文中某个具体事实或细节。
干扰项 可能是从文中某些（不完全的）事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。
干扰项 可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。
(正确答案) : 据文章全面理解而归纳概括出来的；不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。
主旨大意题主要考查学生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力。根据多年的备考及高考实践，这类题目考察的范围是：基本论点、文章标题、主题或段落大意等。它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法，对文章进行高度概括或总结，属于高层次题。
选择＂主题＂旨在考查考生是否掌握了所读文章的主要内容或主旨，通常用词、短语或句子来概括。常见的提问方式有： 1. What is the main / general idea of this text? 2. What is mainly discussed in this passage? 3. What is the text mainly about? 4. This text mainly tells us ________. 5. This passage mainly deals with _________. 6. The main idea of this passage may be best expressed as_________.
选择标题题则是让考生给所读的文章选择一个合适的标题。通常标题由一个名词或名词短语充当，用词简短、精练。常见的提问方式有： 1. What would be the best title for the text? 2. Which of the following is the best / most suitable title for this text? 3. The best / most suitable title for this text would be ________. 4. The topic of this passage is _________.
不管是选择＂主题＂还是选择＂标题＂，实质上都是要求考生从整体上理解语篇内容，找出贯穿语篇的主线；不管是何种体裁的文章，总是围绕一个主题来展开的。在试题设计上，3个干扰项内容一般在文章里或多或少都有涉及，但并非主要内容，需要注意甄别。
例如（2016年全国 高考1卷D篇）第35小题：
The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness,or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person’s needs.
Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and
suddenly stops, what may be implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.
Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic udner discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.
Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.
What may be the best title for the text?
A. Sound and Silence
B. What It Means to Be Silent
C. Silence to Native Americans
D. Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold
【解析】
35. B主旨要义题。文章主要介绍了在不同文化背景下谈话期间的沉默的不同含义，由此判断B选项可以概括文章内容。故选B 。
事实细节型
细节理解题主要考查考生对文章中某些细节或重要事实的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解题和语意理解题两种。直接理解题的答案与原文直接挂钩，从阅读材料中可以找到。这种题难度低，只要考生读懂文章，就能得分，属于低层次题。
做此类题时可以使用定位法与跳读法。定位法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息直接从原文中找到相应的句子(即定位)，然后进行比较和分析(尤其要注意一些同义转换)，从而找出正确答案。跳读法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息跳读原文，并找到相关的句子（有时可能是几个句子）或段落，然后进行分析和推理等，从而找出正确答案。
（1）解题原则：忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。
文章中心是论点，事实细节是论据或主要理由；有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。
提问的特殊疑问词常有：what, who, which, where, how, why 等。
在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特定细节问题常有以下几种命题方式：
1）Which of the following statements is true?
2）Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?
3）The author ( or the passage) states that___.
4）According to the passage, when ( where, why, how, who, what, which, etc.)___?
例如（2016年全国2卷A篇）
What’s On?
Electric Underground
7.30pm–1.00am
Free at the Cyclops Theatre
Do you know who’s playing in your area? We’re bringing you an exciting evening of live rock and pop music from the best local bands. Are you interested in becoming a musician and getting a recording contract(合同)? If so, come early to the talk at 7.30pm by Jules Skye, a successful record producer. He’s going to talk about how you can find the right person to produce your music.
Gee Whizz
8.30pm–10.30pm
Comedy at Kaleidoscope
Come and see Gee Whizz perform. He’s the funniest stand-up comedian on the comedy scene. This joyful show will please everyone, from the youngest to the oldest. Gee Whizz really knows how to make you laugh! Our bar is open from 7.00pm for drinks and snacks(快餐).
Simon’s Workshop
5.00pm–7.30pm
Wednesdays at Victoria Stage
This is a good chance for anyone who wants to learn how to do comedy. The workshop looks at every kind of comedy, and practices many different ways of making people laugh. Simon is a comedian and actor who has 10 years’ experience of teaching comedy. His workshops are exciting and fun. An evening with Simon will give you the confidence to be funny.
Charlotte Stone
8.00pm–11.00pm
Pizza World
Fine food with beautiful jazz music; this is a great evening out. Charlotte Stone will perform songs from her new best-selling CD, with James Pickering on the piano. The menu is Italian, with excellent meat and fresh fish, pizzas and pasta. Book early to get a table. Our bar is open all day, and serves cocktails, coffee, beer, and white wine.
1. Who can help you if you want to have your music produced?
A. Jules Skye.
B. Gee Whizz.
C. Charlotte Stone.
D. James Pickering.
2. At which place can people of different ages enjoy a good laugh?
A. The Cyclops Theatre. B. Kaleidoscope.
C. Victoria Stage.
D. Pizza World.
3. What do we know about Simon’s Workshop?
A. It requires membership status.
B. It lasts three hours each time.
C. It is run by a comedy club.
D. It is held every Wednesday.
4. When will Charlotte Stone perform her songs?
A. 5.00pm–7.30pm.
B. 7.30pm–1.00am.
C. 8.00pm–11.00pm.
D. 8.30pm–10.30pm.
【解析】
4. C 细节理解题。根据第四则广告中的“8.00pm–11.00pm Pizza World”可知Charlotte Stone将在晚上8点至11点之间表演她最受欢迎的歌曲。故C项正确。
（2）干扰项：范围过大、过小；偷换概念；正误并存，某个分句是正确的，阅读理解中细节理解题的干扰项的设置有以下几个原则：
1．包含项原则
在答案选项分析中，假如对A选项的理解概括了对其它三项 (或其中某一项)的理解，那么我们就说选项A与其他三项是包含或概括关系，包含项A往往就是正确答案。如在＂花＂与＂玫瑰＂两选项中，正确答案肯定是＂花＂，花包含了玫瑰。 2．正反项原则
所谓正反项，是指两选项陈述的命题完全相矛盾。两个相互矛盾的陈述不能都是假的，其中必有一真。所以，假如四选项中A、B互为正反项，那我们通常先排除C、D项，正确答案一般在A、B项当中。 3．委婉项原则
所谓委婉，这里是指说话不能说死，要留有余地。阅读理解选项中语气平和、委婉的往往是正确答案。这些选项一般含有不十分肯定或试探性语气的表达，如：probably, possibly, may, usually, might, most of, more or less, relatively, be likely to, not necessary, although, yet, in addition，tend to，be liable to等等，而含有绝对语气的表达往往不是正确答案，如：must, always, never, the most, all, every, any, merely, only, completely, none, hardly, already等等。 4．同形项原则
命题者往往先将正确答案设置在一个大命题范围，然后通过语言形式的细微变化来考察考生的理解能力与分析能力。同形项原则告诉我们：词汇与句法结构相似的选项中有正确答案的存在。 5．常识项原则
议论文中，那些符合一般常识，意义深刻富有哲理，符合一般规律，属于普遍现象的往往是正确答案。 6．因果项原则
阅读理解逻辑推理基本都是通过因果链进行的，前因后果，一步步循序渐进。然而，在推理题型的选项中，有的选项会推理不到位（止于前因），或者推理过头（止于后果），这就是所谓的干扰项。因果项原则规定：假如四个选项中有两项互为同一事物推理过程中的因果关系，那么正确答案就是两个因果项中的其中之一。如果因项可产生几个结果，那么答案就是因；如果果项可以对应几个原因，那么答案就是果
解题方法 : 原文定位法。
查读法：1）带着问题找答案，把注意力集中在与who, what, when, where问题有关的细节上。
2）细心!
例如，（2016年全国2卷D篇）
A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.
Frank Hurley’s pictures would be outstanding—undoubtedly first-rate photo-journalism—if they had been made last week. In fact, they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck(海滩), by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival. Many of the images were stored in an ice chest, under freezing water, in the damaged wooden ship.
The ship was the Endurance, a small, tight, Norwegian-built three-master that was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists, 27 men in all, to the southernmost shore of Antarctica’s Weddell Sea. From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled(雪橇) across the continent. The journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done. Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912 but had died with his four companions on the march back.
As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and well-researched story The Endurance, adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort. Scott’s last journey, completed as he lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger, caught the world’s imagination, and a film made in his honor drew crowds. Shackleton, a onetime British merchant-navy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography. Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of which have never before been published.
13. What do we know about the photos taken by Hurley?
A. They were made last week.
B. They showed undersea sceneries.
C. They were found by a cameraman.
D. They recorded a disastrous adventure.
14. Who reached the South Pole first according to the text?
A. Frank Hurley.
B. Ernest Shackleton.
C. Robert Falcon Scott.
D. Caroline Alexander.
15. What does Alexander think was the purpose of the 1914 voyage?
A. Artistic creation.
B. Scientific research.
C. Money making.
D. Treasure hunting.
【解析】
13. D 细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句“they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck....”可知这些照片记录的是1914年左右发生的一次海难事故。故D项正确。
14. C 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Captain Scott had reached the South Pole....”可知第一个到达南极的是Captain Scott。故C项正确。
15. C 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二句“... started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography”可知Alexander认为他的这次航行就是为了挣钱。故C项正确。
又如（2015年全国1卷D篇）第32和第33小题，
Conflict is on the menu tonight at the café La Chope. This evening, as on every Thursday night, psychologist Maud Lehanne is leading two of France’s favorite pastimes, coffee drinking and the “talking cure”. Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings. It isn’t always easy. They customers - some thirty Parisians who pay just under $2 (plus drinks) per session - care quick to intellectualize (高谈阔论)，slow to open up and connect. “You are forbidden to say ‘one feels,’ or ‘people think’,” Lehane told them. “Say ‘I think,’ ‘Think me’.”
A café society where no intellectualizing is allowed? It couldn’t seem more un-French. But Lehanne’s psychology café is about more than knowing oneself: It’s trying to help the city’s troubled neighborhood cafes. Over the years, Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle - longer working hours, a fast food boom and a younger generation’s desire to spend more time at home. Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation. Cafes focused around psychology, history, and engineering are catching on, filling tables well into the evening.
The city’s psychology cafes, which offer great comfort, are among the most popular places. Middle-aged homemakers, retirees, and the unemployed come to such cafes to talk about love, anger, and dreams with a psychologist. And they come to Lehanne’s group just to learn to say what they feel. “There’s a strong need in Paris for communication,” says Maurice Frisch, a cafe La Chope regular who works as a religious instructor in a nearby church. “People have few real friends. And they need to open up.” Lehanne says she’d like to see psychology cafes all over France. “If people had normal lives, these cafes wouldn’t exist”, she says, “If life weren’t a battle, people wouldn’t need a special place just to speak.” But them, it wouldn’t be France.
32.What are people encouraged to do at the cafe La Chope?
A. Learn a new subject
B. Keep in touch with friends.
C. Show off their knowledge.
D. Express their true feelings.
33. How are cafes affected by French lifestyle changes?
A. They are less frequently visited.
B. They stay open for longer hours.
C. They have bigger night crowds.
D. They start to serve fast food.
【解析】
32. D细节理解题。根据文章第一段第三句Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings.可知在La Chope咖啡馆鼓励人们表达他们真正的情感。故选D。
33. A 细节理解题。根据文章第二段Over the years, Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle-longer working hours, a fast food boom and a younger generation’s desire to spend more time at home.可
可知心理咖啡馆在巴黎受欢迎的原因在于他们给予人们精神上的支持。故选B。
又如（2015年全国2卷D篇），
Choose Your One-Day-Tours!
Tour A - Bath &Stonehenge: including entrance fees to the ancient Roman bathrooms and Stonehenge -￡37 until 26 March and ￡39 thereafter.
Visit the city with over 2,000 years of history and Bath Abbey, the Royal Crescent and the Costume Museum, Stonehenge is one of the world's most famous prehistoric monuments dating back over 5,000 years.
Tour B - Oxford & Startford
including entrance fees to the University St Mary's Church Tower and Anne Hathaway's -￡32 until 12 March and ￡36 thereafter
Oxford: Includes a guided tour of England's oldest university city and colleges. Look over the "city of dreaming spires(尖顶）"from St Mary’s Church Tower. Stratford: Includes a guided tour exploring much of the Shakespeare wonder.
Tour C - Windsor Castle &Hampton Court including entrance fees to Hampton Court Palace -￡34 until 11 March and ￡37 thereafter.
Includes a guided tour of Windsor and Hampton Court, Henry VILL's favorite palace. Free time to visit Windsor Castle(entrance fees not included).With 500 years of history, Hampton Court was once the home of four Kings and one Queen. Now this former royal palace is open to the public as a major tourist attraction. Visit the palace and its various historic gardens, which include the famous maze(迷宫)where it is easy to get lost!
Tour D -Cambridge including entrance fees to the Tower of Saint Mary the Great -￡33 until 18 March and ￡37 thereafter.
Includes a guided tour of Cambridge, the famous university town, and the gardens of the 18th century.
33. Which tour will you choose if you want to see England’s oldest university city?
A. Tour A
B. Tour B
C. Tour C
D. Tour D
34. Which of the following tours charges the lowest fee on 17 March?
A. Windsor Castle & Hampton Court
B. Oxford & Stratford
C. Bath & Stonehenge
D. Cambridge
35. Why is Hampton Court a major tourist attraction?
A. It used to be the home of royal families
B. It used to be a well-known maze
C. It is the oldest palace in Britain
D. It is a world-famous castle
33. B 细节理解题。根据原文Tour B中Oxford：Included a guided tour of England’s oldest university and colleges可知，本次活动包括参观牛津大学城和学校，牛津大学是英国最古老的大学，所以要想看英国最古老的大学城就选B。
34. D细节理解题。根据每一部分的价格介绍：Tour A￡37 until 26 March and ￡39 thereafter.到3月17日为￡37，3月26日后还会涨价；Tour B-￡32 until 12 March and ￡36 thereafter为3月12日前价格为￡32，12日后为￡36；Tour C-￡34 until 11 March and ￡37 thereafter.为3月11日前价格为￡34，11日后为￡37；Tour D￡33 until 18 March and ￡37 thereafter.为3月18日前价格为￡33，18日后为￡37；本题文3月17号费用最低的，当然是￡33，故选D。
35. A细节理解题。根据With 500 years of history, Hampton was once the home of four Kings and one Queen Now this former royal palace is open to the public as a major tourist attraction.判断，人们去参观的主要原因是因为这是有着500年历史的前皇家宫殿，答案为A。
词义猜测型
阅读理解的测试中经常有猜测词、短语、习语意义的题目，近几年高考阅读中词义猜测题的考查方法呈多样化，其中根据上下文语境推测词义将会越来越多。有时短文中出现一个需猜测其意义的词或短语，后文接着会出现其定义、解释或例子，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。
除此之外，我们还可以根据转折或对比关系进行判断：根据上下句的连接词，如but，however，otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。另外，分号(；)也可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。还可以根据因果关系进行判断：俗话说，“有因必有果，有果必有因”。根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。当然了，这些词、短语、习语要么是生词，要么是熟词新义，单靠平时积累是不够的，还要掌握一定的做题技巧。 (1)根据构词法(转化、合成、派生)进行判断。 (2)根据文中的定义、事例、解释猜生词 。用事例或解释猜生词；用重复解释的信息猜生词。 (3)根据上下文的指代关系进行选择。文章中的代词it，that，he，him或them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指一件事。第6题就是考查对指代关系的判断。 (4)根据转折或对比关系进行判断。根据上下句的连接词如but，however，otherwise等可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。 (5)根据因果关系进行判断。俗话说，＂有因必有果，有果必有因＂。根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。 (6)根据同位关系进行判断。阅读中有时出现新词、难词，后面跟着一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释。 (7)利用标点符号和提示词猜测词义。分号还可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义；破折号表示解释说明。 常见的问题形式有： (1)The word ＂…＂ in Line … means/can be best replaced by … (2)As used in the passage, the phrase ＂…＂ suggests… (3)From the passage, we can infer that the word/phrase /the sentence ＂…＂ is/refers to /means… (4)The word ＂…＂ is closest in meaning to …
同义法： 常在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此可以推测。
反义法：如hot and cold, give and receive等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。总之，词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。
释义法：对文章中的生词用定语（从句）、表语甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。
情景推断法、代词替代法等
做题要领
1）文中找线索或信息词;
2) 根据熟悉的词及词义判断新单词之意；
3）根据上下文判断新词汇在特定句中确切意思。
4. 特别注意熟词新意！
例如（2016年全国3卷B篇）第6小题，
On one of her trips to New York several years ago, Eudora Welty decided to take a couple of New York friends out to dinner. They settled in at a comfortable East Slide cafe and within minutes, another customer was approaching their table.
＂Hey, aren’t you from Mississippi?＂ the elegant, white-haired writer remembered being asked by the stranger. ＂I’m from Mississippi too.＂
Without a second thought, the woman joined the Welty party. When her dinner partner showed up, she also pulled up a chair.
＂They began telling me all the news of Mississippi,＂ Welty said. ＂I didn’t know what my New York friends were thinking.＂
Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine. By the time the group got up to leave, it was pouring outside. Welty’s new friends immediately sent a waiter to find a cab. Heading back downtown toward her hotel, her big-city friends were amazed at the turn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi state reunion(团聚).
＂My friends said: ‘Now we believe your stories,’＂ Welty added. ＂And I said: ‘Now you know. These are the people that make me write them.’＂
Sitting on a sofa in her room, Welty, a slim figure in a simple gray dress, looked pleased with this explanation.
＂I don’t make them up,＂ she said of the characters in her fiction these last 50 or so years. ＂I don’t have to.＂
Beauticians, bartenders, piano players and people with purple hats, Welty’s people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends, from walks through the streets of her native Jackson, Miss., from conversations overheard on a bus. It annoys Welty that, at 78, her left ear has now given out. Sometimes, sitting on a bus or a train, she hears only a fragment(片段) of a particularly interesting story.
6. The underlined word ＂them＂ in Paragraph 6 refers to Welty’s _______.
A. readers
B. parties
C. friends
D. stories
又如（2016年全国2卷B篇）第7小题（原文见推理判断型）
7. What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Mistake.
B. Drawback.
C. Difficulty.
D. Burden.
7.B 词义猜测题。根据画线单词后一句“I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking.”可知我冒着失去那些有不同思维方式的学生的危险。说明我的这种教育方法也有不足之处。故画线词意为“drawback缺点”。故B正确。
推理判断型
做题要领：既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度考虑而不是固守自己的看法。常见的命题方式有：
The passage implies (暗示) that_______.
We can conclude (得出结论) from the passage that_____.
Which of the following can be inferred (推论)?
What is the tone (语气) of the author
?
What is the purpose (目的) of this passage?
The passage is intended to _____.
Where would this passage most probably appear?
例如（2016年全国2卷B篇）第5、第6和第8小题，
Five years ago, when I taught art at a school in Seattle, I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students. I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front of each student, and said: “Make something out of the Tinkertoys. You have 45 minutes today—and 45minutes each day for the rest of the week.”
A few students hesitated to start. They waited to see what the rest of the class would do. Several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans provided. Another group built something out of their own imaginations.
Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time. His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home. I was delighted at the presence of such a student. Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect(感染) other students.
Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare, “But I’m just not creative.”
“Do you dream at night when you’re asleep?”
“Oh, sure.”
“So tell me one of your most interesting dreams.” The student would tell something wildly imaginative. Flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads. “That’s pretty creative. Who does that for you?”
“Nobody. I do it.”
“Really—at night, when you’re asleep?”
“Sure.”
“Try doing it in the daytime, in class, okay?”
5. The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to ________.
A. know more about the students
B. make the lessons more exciting
C. raise the students’ interest in art
D. teach the students about toy design
6. What do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph 3?
A. He liked to help his teacher.
B. He preferred to study alone.
C. He was active in class.
D. He was imaginative.
8. Why did the teacher ask the students to talk about their dreams?
A. To help them to see their creativity.
B. To find out about their sleeping habits.
C. To help them to improve their memory. D. To find out about their ways of thinking.
【解析】
5.A 推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知当我把拼装式玩具放在学生面前的时候，有些学生犹豫着在等着看别人如何行动，有一些学生查看了使用说明并根据模型做出了一些东西。而另外一些学生则根据自己的想象做出了一些东西。通过观察我对不同的学生的性格有了不同的理解。故A正确。
6.D 推理判断题。文章第三段第一句中提到的这个男孩在空闲时间拼装这些玩具，而且他的作品堆满了艺术教室的架子，家里的卧室里也有很多。第三段倒数第二句“Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work”说明他是一个很有想象力和创造性的人。故D项正确。
8.A 推理判断题。根据文章最后七段中的对话内容可知作者鼓励孩子们说出最有趣的有创造性和想象力的梦，并鼓励他们在白天的课堂里把梦的内容做出来。作者这样做的目的就是为了让他们看到自己的创造性和想象力。故A正确。
又如（2015年全国1卷D篇）第34和第35两个小题（原文详见细节理解题型），
34. What are theme cafes expected to do?
A. Create more jobs.
B. Supply better drinks.
C. Save the cafe business.
D. Serve the neighborhood.
35. Why are psychology cafes becoming popular in Paris?
A. They bring people true friendship.
B. They give people spiritual support.
C. They help people realize their dreams.
D. They offer a platform for business links.
命题揭秘部分我们是从横向的角度比较了一下近两年全国高考英语阅读理解题型命题的规律和特点，即从选材的方向上做了一个大致总结，现在我们就阅读材料具体的设题角度和思路上结合近两年来的全国高考命题特点和考查类型做个比较，以便更加直观地使广大教师和考生了解高考命题规律和特点。让大家能够有针对性的找到相应的解题对策：
2015年-2016年全国高考英语阅读考查题型次数一览表
试卷题型 2015全国1卷 2015全国2卷 2016全国1卷 2016全国2卷 2016全国3卷
主旨大意题 - 1 1 2 2
事实细节题 9 9 11 7 7
词义猜测题 1 1 - 1 2
推理判断题 5 4 2 5 4