专题一名词和冠词
2016～2017年各省市高考题(改编)名 词
A卷 全国卷
单句语法填空/单句改错
1．(2016·全国，61)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asias biggest building, and fancy new hotels.But for tourists like me, pandas are its top________(attract)．
答案 attraction [空格前有形容词和物主代词，因此要用其名词形式。]
2．(2016·全国，69)The nursery team switches him every few ________(day) with his sister.
答案 days [few作来修饰可数名词复数，故答案为days。]
3．(2016·全国，短文改错)My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest.________
答案 honest→honesty [由句意“他成功的关键是诚信”可知应当用名词形式。]
4．(2016·全国，42)Handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of
________(achieve)．
答案 achievement [介词of后要用名词作宾语。固定表达a sense of achievement成就感。]
5．(2016·全国，46)Recent________(study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.
答案 studies [考查主谓一致。根据后面的谓语动词show可知，主语应该是复数形式。]
6．(2016·全国，阅读C)Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of ________(apple)．
答案 apples [在苹果节人们可以看到，并常常能尝到各种各样的苹果。a variety of各种各样，后面跟复数形式。]
7．(2015·全国，65)Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese________(painting)．
答案 paintings [前面有many修饰，故用名词的复数形式。]
8．(2015·全国，短文改错)The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.Many rare animals are dying out.________
答案 airs→air [air是不可数名词，没有复数形式。]
9．(2017·全国，69)While there are amazing stories of instant transformation, for most of us the______(change)are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river.
答案 changes [根据后面的be动词可知此处应为复数。]
10．(2017·全国，短文改错)Since then—for all these year—we have been allowing tomatoes to self seed where they please.________
答案 year→years [根据前面的all these可知此处应为复数。]
11．(2017·全国，短文改错)For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day.________
答案 hour→hours [一个半小时的表达为one and a half hours。]
12．(2017·全国，19)The Harry Potter books are quite popular; they are in great________(demanding) in this city.
答案 demand [考查固定搭配。in great demand急需。]
B卷 地方卷
用所给词的适当形式填空
1．(2016·北京，阅读C)Although these ________(measure) are not effective forever, they are vital for now.
答案 measures [考查名词单复数，根据前面的these和后面的are，可以判断应用复数形式。]
2．(2016·北京，阅读D)The college years are supposed to be a time for important ________(grow)
in autonomy (自主性) and the development of adult identity.
答案 growth [此处的growth和后面的development是并列关系，且用前面的important修饰。]
3．(2016·四川，阅读C)The ________(life) of these people have finally been recorded thanks to the effects of a Frenchman from Paris called Gin.
答案 lives [根据后面的谓语动词，可以判断此处需要用名词的复数形式。]
4．(2016·四川，短文改错)Mom has a full－time job, but she has to do most of the houseworks.________
答案 houseworks→housework [ housework是不可数名词。]
5．(2016·江苏，阅读C)The weather ________(effect) both good and bad, are felt in many places.
答案 effects
6．(2015·江苏，32)Some schools will have to make ________(adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.
答案 adjustments [句意：为了与国家足球改革相一致，一些学校将做出make adjustments 做出调整。]
7．(2015·江苏，35)—Go and say sorry to your Mom, Dave.
— Id like to, but I’m afraid she won’t be happy with my ________(apologize)．
答案 apology/apologies [句意：——去和你的妈妈说对不起，Dave。——我想，但我怕妈妈不会接受我的道歉。作介词with的宾语和my的修饰语要用名词形式。]
8．(2015·浙江，15)One of the most effective ways to reduce ________(stressful) is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.
答案 stress [句意：减少压力最有效的方法之一是与信任的人谈谈你的感受。作动词reduce的宾语要用名词形式，stress压力，紧张，为不可数名词。]
9．(2015·湖北，21)When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his ________(balanced) and had a bad fall.
答案 balance [句意：追赶哥哥时，小男孩失去了平衡，重重地摔了一跤。形容词性物主代词his后跟名词形式。lose his balance失去平衡。]
10．(2015·安徽，30)There is no need to tell me your answer now.Give it some________(think) and then let me know.
答案 thought [句意：现在没有必要告诉我你的答案。思考一下，然后让我知道。 some后应跟名词，thought想法。]
11．(2017·安徽，29)—Why not buy a second－hand car first if you dont have enough money for a new one?
—That’s a good ________(suggest)．
答案 suggestion [句意：——如果你没有足够的钱买一辆新车的话，为什么不先买一辆二手车呢？——这是个不错的建议(suggestion)。形容词修饰名词，故用名词形式。]
12．(2017·湖北，21)Her ________(motivate) for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.
答案 motivation [句意：她写作的动机是出于对女性获得高等教育权利的渴望。形容词性物主代词修饰名词。]
13．(2017·江西， 22)Whenever I made mistakes,
the teacher pointed them out with ________(patient)．
答案 patience [句意：每当我犯错的时候，老师都耐心地帮我指出来。with是介词，介词后用名词形式，故用patience。]
14．(2017·山东，24)My first ________(impress) of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.
答impression [句意：我对他的第一印象是，他是一个友好且体贴的年轻人。序数词first修饰名词。]
15．(2017·福建，25)—Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency?
—Well，you know，English is my ________(strong)．So it is my best choice.
答案 strength [句意：——你为什么选择去一家国际旅行社工作？——哦，你知道英语是我的强项。因此，这是我的最佳选择。形容词性物主代词my后跟名词，strength意为“长处，强项”。]
冠 词
A卷 全国卷
单句语法填空/单句改错
1．(2016·全国A)In 1931，Addams became________ first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.
答案 the [序数词前面加定冠词the。]
2．(2016·全国，48)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for________while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.
答案 a [考查不定冠词的用法。让你的身体和思想休息一会。固定表达for a while一会儿。]
3．(2016·全国，短文改错)In that case, we will learn little about world.________
答案 world前加the [考查定冠词的用法。此处特指我们所生活的这个世界。]
4．(2016·全国，阅读D)A new collection of photos brings ________unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.
答案 an [unsuccessful前面用an修饰。]
5．(2016· 全国，阅读C)Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with ________interest in fruit, including stately gardens and commercial orchards(果园)．
答案 an [interest是名词，前面应用an。]
6．(2015·全国，短文改错)Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside.________
答案 countryside前面加the [in the countryside在农村，固定搭配。]
7．(2015·全国，短文改错)A woman saw him crying and told him to wait outside a shop.________
答案 第二个a→the [此处表示特指，指的是女士和他都知道的那个商店。]
8．(2015·全国，62)The adobe dwellings (土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even________most modern of architects and engineers.
答案 the [根据空格后面的most可知此处表示最高级含义。]
9．(2017·全国，63)Now, years later, this river is one of________most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.
答案 the [句意：多年之后，这条河成为最杰出的环保典型之一。可知，此处most前用the修饰表示的是最高级的概念。]
10．(2017·全国，短文改错)As result, the plants are growing everywhere.________
答案 result前加a [考查固定搭配。as a result结果。]
11．(2017·全国，短文改错)There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings.________
答案 去掉第一个the [all kinds of已经表示各种各样的，作修饰语修饰后面的名词，因此无需再用the修饰。]
12．(2017·全国，31)India attained________independence in 1947, after________long struggle.
答案 /；a [考查冠词用法。句意：印度在长期抗争后，于1947年获得独立。 attain independence获得独立，是零冠词用法；after a long struggle经过一段长时间的抗争，用不定冠词a表示数量。]
13．(2017·全国，13)Four and________half hours of discussion took us up to midnight, and________break for cheese, chocolate and tea with sugar.
答案 a；a [句意：我们讨论了四个半小时直到半夜，休息时我们吃了些奶酪、巧克力，喝了些加糖的茶。four and a half hours是习惯搭配；第二空a break泛指“一段休息时间”。]
14．(2017·全国，22)Sarah looked at________finished painting with satisfaction.
答案 the [句意：Sarah满意地看着那幅已经完成的画。根据句意可知painting前用the表示特指。]
15．(2017·全国，7)He missed________gold in the high jump, but will get________second chance in the long jump.
答案 the；a [句意：他没有得到跳高的金牌，但是在跳远项目上还有一次机会。a＋序数词表示“又一”；gold前加the表示特指。]
B卷 地方卷用适当的冠词填空
1．(2016·北京，完形)It was ________ cold January in 1925 in North Alaska.The town was cut off from the rest of the world due to heavy snow.
答案 a [考查泛指概念。句意：这是1925年阿拉斯加北部一个十分寒冷的一月。]
2．(2016·四川，阅读B)They have a different kind of superpower that all of us possess: the power to make ________ difference in the lives of others.
答案 a [make a difference固定搭配，对……有影响。]
3．(2016·江苏，阅读C)El Ninõ， ________Spanish term for “the Christ child”， was named by South American fisherman.
答案 a [此处考查泛指概念，厄尔尼诺现象，一个西班牙词条。]
4．(2016·浙江，2)________prize for the winner of the competition is ________two－week holiday in Paris.
答案 The；a [考查冠词。句意：竞赛的优胜者奖是在巴黎两周的假期。第一空，“竞赛的优胜者奖”为特指，故应用定冠词the作限定；第二空，指“一段两周的假期”，故应用定冠词a限定。]
5．(2015·江苏，33)—Why didnt you invite John to your birthday party?
—Well, you know he’s ________ wet blanket.
答案 a [句意：——为什么你没邀请约翰参加你的生日聚会？——唉，你知道他是一个令人扫兴的人。固定表达a wet blanket 令人扫兴的人或物。]
6．(2015·浙江，2)Janes grandmother had wanted to write ________ children’s book for many years, but one thing or another always got in ________ way.
答案 a；the [句意：琼的奶奶多年来一直想写一本儿童书籍，但总有这样那样的事情阻碍她不能实现。第一空表泛指，故用不定冠词a；第二空为固定表达get in the way妨碍，阻碍。]
7．(2015·重庆，3)I just heard ________ bank where Dora works was robbed by ________ gunman wearing a mask.
答案 the；a [句意：我刚听说Dora 工作的银行被一位蒙面持枪歹徒抢劫了。第一空为特指，表示“Dora 工作的那家银行”，第二空为泛指，表示“一位蒙面持枪歹徒”。]
8．(2015·陕西，14)________ more learned a man is，________more modest he usually becomes.
答案 The；the [句意：一个人的知识越是渊博，他通常就越谦虚。考查固定搭配。the more...the more...越……越……。]
9．(2015·四川，5)Brian is gifted in writing music；he is very likely to be ________ Beethoven.
答案 a [考查冠词。句意：Brian在创作音乐上极有才华，他很有可能成为一个像贝多芬那样的人才。不定冠词在人名前表示：一个像……那样的人。]
10．(2017·陕西，19)________ village where I was born has grown into ________ town.
答案 The；a [考查冠词。句意：我出生的那个小村庄已经变成了一个城镇了。根据句意可知，“我出生的村庄”由定语从句修饰，表特指，用定冠词the；而第二空应是泛指。]
11．(2017·天津，8)Life is like ________ ocean：Only ________ strong－willed can reach the other shore.
答案 an；the [考查冠词。句意：生活就像一个大洋，只有那些意志坚强者才能到达彼岸。此句中的ocean是可数名词且是第一次出现，故用an；第二个空中the＋adj.表示一类人。]
12．(2017·浙江，2)The paper is due next month，and I am working seven days ________ week，often long into________night.
答案 a；the [考查冠词。句意：这篇论文预计下个月写完，我一星期工作七天，经常熬到深夜。a week泛指一星期；第二空为习惯用法，如work into the night工作到深夜。]
13．(2017·重庆，6)I cant tell you ________ way to the Wilson’s because we don’t have ________ Wilson here in the village.
答案 the；a [考查冠词。句意：我无法告诉你去威尔逊家怎么走，因为我们村没有叫威
14．(2017·江西，22)They chose Tom to be ________ captain of the team because they knew he was ________ smart leader.
答案 the；a [考查冠词用法。句意：因为他们知道汤姆是一
15．(2017·福建，21)The “Chinese Dream” is ________ dream to improve peoples well－being and ________ dream of harmony, peace and development.
答案 a；a [考查冠词。句意：“中国梦”是一个提高人民生活的梦，是一个和谐、和平和发展的梦。由句意可知都用不定冠词a，表示泛指概念。]
16．(2017·山东，22)It was ________ cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across ________ night sky.
答案 a；the [考查冠词用法。第一空“一个寒冷的冬夜”，应用不定冠词a；第二空“夜空”，指独一无二的事物用定冠词the。]
17．(2017·陕西，19)Marco Polo is said to have sailed on ________ Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in ________
thirteenth century.
答案 the；the [句意：据说十三世纪时马可波罗曾经横渡太平洋前往爪哇。世界七大洲前不加the，而四大洋前需要加the。in the...century意为“在……世纪”。]
18．(2017·重庆，32)The parents were shocked by ________ news that their son needed ________
operation on his knee.
答案 the；an [考查冠词。句中的news指的是that从句的内容，所以此处的news是特指，要用定冠词the；第二空处意为“需要做一次手术”，为泛指，要用不定冠词。]
19．(2017·江西，32)Animals are obviously ________ lower form of life than ________ man.
答案 a；/ [本题考查冠词。man表示“人类”的意义时，前面不加冠词。form是可数名词，前面有形容词修饰时要加不定冠词，故用a修饰。句意：很明显，动物是低于人类的一种生命形式。]
20．(2017·辽宁，21)I woke up with ________ bad headache，yet by ________ evening the pain had gone.
答案 a；the [句意：我醒来时头很痛，但到了晚上头痛就已经消失了。考查冠词的基本用法。两空后的名词均为可数名词，第一空表示泛指，加a；第二空表示特指，加the。]