Section 12 阅读理解
时闻报道类阅读理解突破方法(Ⅰ)
易错点1 以偏概全
“Several studies throughout the last 15 years have shown that infants are very good at telling how many objects they see; however，infants don’t seem to count things like water or sand，” VanMarle said.“What we’re saying is that they can quantify substances; it’s just much harder.The infants can see how much food goes into each cup and compare that in their memories.They decide which amount is larger，and they almost always select the larger one.”
What is mainly talked about in the Paragraph?
A．The process of doing research.
B．The scientific findings.
C．The final choice of infants.
D．The observation of infants’ behavior.
解析 该段的中心词可提炼为study，discovery等词，主要介绍研究结果，婴儿早期就能判断数量的大小，从而选择较大的事物。
答案 B
以题说法
此题其他选项干扰性较强，A项中虽有research，但其关键词是process，没把握住重点而误选； C项与主题离得较远，以偏概全，故错误；D项比较难排除，如果将其定为正确答案，则文章重点应放在observation上，重点强调动作，而非观察之后的结果，很
突破指南
1．在提炼主旨或归纳标题时，可以先从选项入手，找出其中关键词，然后再进一步思考是否能概括段意或是文意，一定不能只看到主题词就急着选择，要看其侧重点。
2．确认选项内容是否切中文章的中心论点，也就是要看选项内容与作者的写作目的是否一致。要从整篇文章出发归纳概括文章的标题，防止本末倒置、主次不分，避免以点代面、以偏概全，这样才能排除干扰，选出正确的答案。
易错点2 张冠李戴
It all started when Graham Broad，a professor at the University of Western Ontario，found McKay’s name in a footnote in a book about university history....Out of curiosity，Broad spent hours at the local archives(档案馆) in a fruitless search for information on McKay.Tired and discouraged，he finally gave up.On his way out，Broad’s glance happened to fall on an exhibiting case showing some old newspapers.His eye was drawn to an old picture of a young man in a rugby uniform....“After looking for him all day，there he was，staring up at me out of the exhibiting case，” said Broad.
What made Professor Broad continue his search for more information on McKay?
A．A uniform of McKay.
B．A footnote about McKay.
C．A book on McKay.
D．A picture of McKay.
解析 很多人看到第一句话后就以为题目问的“是什么使Broad教授开始想要研究McKay”，从而误选B，而事实上题干问的是“什么使Broad教授继续搜寻McKay的信息”，研读原文可知是A picture of McKay，答案是D。看清问题所问，才不至于混淆问题。
答案 D
以题说法
命题者在设置选项时可能故意弄错对象：把一个事物的特征说成是另一事物的特征，把他人的观点说成是作者的观点，把因说成果
突破指南
细心是做好阅读题的首要条件，高考题中的干扰设置往往十分隐蔽，仔细看题，并能从文中找出与之相符的有效信息，是解决此类问题的关键所在。
易错点3 偷梁换柱
While American rappers have been popular in China since the 1990s，homegrown rap didn’t gain a following until a decade later.The group Yincang(meaning hidden) is one of the pioneers of Chinese rap.It is made up of music lovers from both sides of the Pacific Ocean: a Beijinger，a Chinese－Canadian and two Americans.
“The big change was when rappers started writing lyrics in Chinese，so people could understand，” said Zhong Cheng，27，a member of the group who was raised in Canada but born in Beijing，where he returned in 1997.
Which of the following is not true about the group Yincang?
A．It is not as popular as American rappers in China in 1990s.
B．There are three nationalities of the group members.
C．The 27－year－old member Zhong Cheng was born in Canada and raised in Beijing.
D．The group Yincang(meaning hidden)is a very early rap group in China.
解析 把每个选项与原文内容逐一对照可知，C项与原文“...raised in Canada but born in Beijing”看似一样，其实命题人在此“动了手脚”，将Canada和Beijing位置调换了，从而与原意不符。
答案 C
以题说法
命题人设置的干扰项用了与原文相似的句子结构和大部分相同的词汇，只是在个别地方换了几个单词，造
突破指南
把握细节理解题的正确选项通常有以下特征：
1．对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。如把lose one’s job换成了be out of work。
2．词性或者语态有所变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，如把important改成of importance；改变原文中句子的语态，如主动语态与被动语态的转换。
3．语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，成为正确答案
4．正话反说。把原文的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。
了解了上述特征，此类题目必能迎刃而解。
Passage 1
(2015·全国)Salvador Dali (1904－1989) was one of the most popular of modern artists.The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings，sculptures，drawings and more.Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces，most importantly The Persistence of Memory.There is also L’Enigme sans Fin from 1938，works on paper，objects，and projects for stage and screen and selected parts from television programmes reflecting the artist’s showman qualities.
The visitor will enter the World of Dali through an egg and is met with the beginning，the world of birth.The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.
The exhibition shows how Dali draws the viewer between two infinities (无限)．“From the infinity small to the infinity large，contraction and expansion coming in and out of focus：amazing Flemish accuracy and the showy Baroque of old painting that he used in his museum－theatre in Figueras，” explains the Pompidou Centre.
The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration (合作)with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid，Spain，and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St.Petersburg，Florida.
1．Which of the following best describes Dali according to Paragraph 1?
A．Optimistic.
B．Productive.
C．Generous.
D．Traditional.
2．What is Dali’s The Persistence of Memory considered to be?
A．One of his masterworks.
B．A successful screen adaptation.
C．An artistic creation for the stage.
D．One of the best TV programmes.
3．How are the exhibits arranged at the World of Dali?
A．By popularity.
B．By importance.
C．By size and shape.
D．By time and subject.
4．What does the word “contributions” in the last paragraph refer to?
A．Artworks.
B．Projects.
C．Donations.
D．Documents.
Passage 2
(2015·四川高考)Their cheery song brightens many a winter’s day.But robins are in danger of wearing themselves out by singing too much.Robins are singing all night—as well as during the day，British－based researchers say.
David Dominoni, of Glasgow University, said that light from street lamps, takeaway signs and homes is affecting the birds’ biological clock, leading to them being wide awake when they should be asleep.
Dr Dominoni, who is putting cameras inside nesting boxes to track sleeping patterns, said lack of sleep could put the birds’ health at risk.His study shows that when robins are exposed to light at night in the lab, it leads to some genes being active at the wrong time of day.And the more birds are exposed to light, the more active they are at night.
He told people at a conference, “There have been a couple of studies suggesting they are increasing their song output at night and during the day they are still singing.Singing is a costly behaviour and it takes energy.So by increasing their song output, there might be some costs of energy.”
And it is not just robins that are being kept awake by artificial light.Blackbirds and seagulls are also being more nocturnal．Dr Dominoni said, “In Glasgow where I live, gulls are a serious problem.I have people coming to me saying ‘You are the bird expert.Can you help us kill these gulls？’．During the breeding(繁殖)season，between April and June，they are very active at night and very noisy and people can’t sleep.”
Although Dr Dominoni has only studied light pollution，other research concluded that robins living in noisy cities have started to sing at night to make themselves heard over loud noise.
However, some birds thrive(兴旺)in noisy environments.A study from California Polytechnic University found more hummingbirds in areas with heavy industrial machinery.It is thought that they are capitalising on their predators(天敌)fleeing to quieter areas.
1．According to Dr Dominoni’s study，what caused robins to sing so much?
A．The breeding season.
B．The light in modern life.
C．The dangerous environment.
D．The noise from heavy machinery.
2．What is the researchers’ concern over the increase of birds’ song output?
A．The environment might be polluted.
B．The birds’ health might be damaged.
C．The industry cost might be increased.
D．The people’s hearing might be affected.
3．What does the underlined word “nocturnal” in Paragraph 5 mean?
A．Active at night.
B．Inactive at night.
C．Active during the day.
D．Inactive during the day.
4．Why do some birds thrive in noisy environments?
A．Because there are fewer dangers.
B．Because there is more food to eat.
C．Because there is less light pollution.
D．Because there are more places to take shelter.
Passage 3
(2015·湖北高考)The oddness of life in space never quite goes away.Here are some examples.
First consider something as simple as sleep.Its position presents its own challenges.The main question is whether you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag.If you leave your arm out，they float free in zero gravity，often giving a sleeping astronaut the look of a funny ballet(芭蕾) dancer.“I’m an inside guy，” Mike Hopkins says，who returned from a six－month tour on the International Space Station.“I like to be wrapped up.”
On the station，the ordinary becomes strange.The exercise bike for the American astronauts has no handlebars.It also has no seat.With no gravity，it’s just as easy to pedal violently.You can watch a movie while you pedal by floating a microcomputer anywhere you want.But station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long.Without gravity to help circulate air，the carbon dioxide you exhale(呼气) has a tendency to form an invisible(隐形的) cloud around your head.You can end up with what astronauts call a carbon－dioxide headache.
Leroy Chiao，54，an American retired astronaut after four flights，describes what happens even before you float out of your seat.“Your inner ear thinks you’re falling.Meanwhile your eyes are telling you you’re standing straight.That can be annoying—that’s why some people feel sick.” Within a couple of days—truly terrible days for some—astronauts’ brains learn to ignore the panicky signals from the inner ear，and space sickness disappears.
Space travel can be so delightful but at the same time invisibly dangerous.For instance，astronauts lose bone mass.That’s why exercise is considered so vital that National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) puts it right on the workday schedule.The focus on fitness is as much about science and the future as it is about keeping any individual astronaut healthy.NASA is worried about two things: recovery time once astronauts return home，and，more importantly，how to maintain strength and fitness for the two and a half years or more that it would take to make a round－trip to Mars.
1．What is the major challenge to astronauts when they sleep in space?
A．Deciding on a proper sleep position.
B．Choosing a comfortable sleeping bag.
C．Seeking a way to fall asleep quickly.
D．Finding a right time to go to sleep.
2．The astronauts will suffer from a carbon－dioxide headache when ________．
A．they circle around on their bikes
B．they use microcomputers without a stop
C．they exercise in one place for a long time
D．they watch a movie while pedaling
3．Some astronauts feel sick on the station during the first few days because ________．
A．their senses stop working
B．they have to stand up straight
C．they float out of their seats unexpectedly
D．their brains receive contradictory messages
4．One of NASA’s major concerns about astronauts is ________．
A．how much exercise they do on the station
B．how they can remain healthy for long in space
C．whether they can recover after returning home
D．whether they are able to go back to the station
Passage 4
(2015·安徽高考)As Internet users become more dependent on the Internet to store information, are people remembering less? If you know your computer will save information, why store it in your own personal memory, your brain? Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.
In a recent study, Professor Betsy Sparrow conducted some experiments. She and her research team wanted to know how the Internet is changing memory. In the first experiment, they gave people 40 unimportant facts to type into a computer. The first group of people understood that the computer would save the information. The second group understood that the computer would not save it. Later, the second group remembered the information better. People in the first group knew they could find the information again, so they did not try to remember it.
In another experiment, the researchers gave people facts to remember, and told them where to find the information on the computer. The information was in a specific computer folder (文件夹). Surprisingly, people later remembered the folder location (位置) better than the facts. When people use the Internet, they do not remember the information. Rather, they remember how to find it. This is called “transactive memory (交互记忆)”
According to Sparrow, we are not becoming people with poor memories as a result of the Internet. Instead, computer users are developing stronger transactive memories; that is, people are learning how to organize huge quantities of information so that they are able to access it at a later date. This doesn’t mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.
1．The passage begins with two questions to________．
A．introduce the main topic
B．show the author’s altitude
C．describe how to use the Internet.
D．explain how to store information
2．What can we learn about the first experiment?
A．The Sparrow’s team typed the information into a computer.
B．The two groups remembered the information equally well.
C．The first group did not try to remember the information.
D．The second group did not understand the information.
3．In transactive memory, people________．
A．keep the information in mind
B．change the quantity of information
C．organize information like a computer
D．remember how to find the information
4．What is the effect of the Internet according to Sparrow’s research?
A．We are using memory differently.
B．We are becoming more intelligent.
C．We have poorer memories than before.
D．We need a better way to access information.
Passage 5
(2017·新课标全国Ⅰ)A
typical lion tamer (驯兽师) in people’s mind is an entertainer holding a whip (鞭)and a chair.The whip gets all of the attention，but its mostly for show.In reality，it’s the chair that does the important work.When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lion’s face，the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same time.With its focus divided，the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next.When faced with so many options，the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair.
How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion？How often do you have something you want to achieve (e.g.lose weight，start a business，travel more)—only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and never make progress?
This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best，the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information.The end result is that we feel like we can’t focus or that we’re focused on the wrong things，and so we take less action，make less progress，and stay the same when we could be improving.
It doesn’t have to be that way.Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face，remember this：All you need to do is focus on one thing.You just need to get started.Starting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people.If you have somewhere you want to go，something you want to accomplish，someone you want to become...take immediate action.If you’re clear about where you want to go，the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out of the way.
1．Why does the lion tamer use a chair?
A．To trick the lion.
B．To show off his skills.
C．To get ready for a fight.
D．To entertain the audience.
2．In what sense are people similar to a lion facing a chair?
A．They feel puzzled over choices.
B．They hold on to the wrong things.
C．They find it hard to make changes.
D．They have to do something for show.
3．What is the author’s attitude towards the experts mentioned in Paragraph 3?
A．Tolerant.
B．Doubtful.
C．Respectful.
D．Supportive.
4．When the world is“waving a chair in your face”，you’re advised to ________．
A．wait for a better chance
B．break your old habits
C．make a quick decision
D．ask for clear guidance
Passage 6
(2017·重庆高考)The idea of being able to walk on water has long interested humans greatly.Sadly，biological facts prevent us ever accomplishing such a thing without artificial aid－we simply weigh too much，and all our mass pushes down through our relatively small feet，resulting in a lot of pressure that makes us sink.
However，several types of animals can walk on water.One of the most interesting is the common basilisk Basilicus basilicus，a lizard (蜥蜴) native to Central and South America.It can run across water for a distance of several meters，avoiding getting wet by rapidly hitting the water’s surface with its feet.The lizard will take as many as 20 steps per second to keep moving forward.For humans to do this，we’d need huge feet that we could bring up to our ears in order to create adequate“hitting”．
But fortunately there is an alternative：cornflour.By adding enough of this common thickening agent to water (and it does take a lot)，you can create a“non－Newtonian”liquid that doesn’t behave like normal water.Now，if the surface of the water is hit hard enough，particles(粒子) in the water group together for a moment to make the surface hard.Move quickly enough and put enough force into each step，and you really can walk across the surface of an adequately thick liquid of cornflour.
Fun though all this may sound，it’s still rather messy and better read about in theory than carried out in practice.If you must do it，then keep the water wings handy in case you start to sink—and take a shower afterward!
1．Walking on water hasn’t become a reality mainly because humans ________．
A．are not interested in it
B．have biological limitations
C．have not invented proper tools
D．are afraid to make an attempt
2．What do we know about Basilicus basilicus from the passage?
A．It is light enough to walk on water.
B．Its huge feet enable it to stay above water.
C．It can run
across water at a certain speed.
D．Its unique skin keeps it from getting wet in water.
3．What is the function of the cornflour according to the passage?
A．To create a thick liquid.
B．To turn the water into solid.
C．To help the liquid behave normally.
D．To enable the water to move rapidly.
4．What is the author’s attitude toward the idea of humans’ walking on water?
A．It is risky but beneficial.
B．It is interesting and worth trying.
C．It is crazy and cannot become a reality.
D．It is impractical though theoretically possible.
Passage 7
(2017·北京高考)What is the first thing you notice when you walk into a shop？The products displayed (展示) at the entrance？Or the soft background music?
But have you ever noticed the smell？Unless it is bad，the answer is likely to be no.But while a shop’s scent may not be outstanding compared with sights and sounds，it is certainly there.And it is proving to be an increasingly powerful tool in encouraging people to purchase.
A brand store has become famous for its distinctive scent which floats through the fairly dark hall and out to the entrance，via scent machines.A smell may be attractive but it may not just be used for freshening air.One sports goods company once reported that when it first introduced scent into its stores，customers’ intention to purchase increased by 80 percent.
When it comes to the best shopping streets in Paris，scent is just as important to a brand’s success as the quality of its window displays and goods on sale.That is mainly because shopping is a very different experience to what it used to be.
Some years ago，the focus for brand name shopping was on a few people with sales assistants’ disproving attitude and don’t－touch－what－you－can’t－afford displays.Now the rise of electronic commerce (e－commerce) has opened up famous brands to a wider audience.But while e－shops can use sights and sounds，only bricks－and－mortar stores (实体店) can offer a full experience from the minute customers step through the door to the moment they leave.Another brand store seeks to be much more than a shop，but rather a destination．And scent is just one way to achieve this.
Now，a famous store uses complex man－made smell to make sure that the soft scent of baby powder floats through the kid department，and coconut (椰子) scent in the swimsuit section.A department store has even opened a new lab，inviting customers on a journey into the store’s windows to smell books，pots and drawers，in search of their perfect scent.
1．According to the passage，what is an increasingly powerful tool in the success of some brand stores?
A．Friendly assistants.
B．Unique scents.
C．Soft background music.
D．Attractive window displays.
2．E－shops are mentioned in the passage to ________．
A．show the advantages of bricks－and－mortar stores
B．urge shop assistants to change their attitude
C．push stores to use sights and sounds
D．introduce the rise of e－commerce
3．The underlined word“destination”in Paragraph 5 means ________.
A．a platform that exhibits goods
B．a spot where travelers like to stay
C．a place where customers love to go
D．a target that a store expects to meet
4．The main purpose of the passage is to ________．
A．compare and evaluate
B．examine and assess
C．argue and discuss
D．inform and explain Section 12 阅读理解
时闻报道类
【高考真题演练】
经典高考真题
Passage 1
【语篇导读】 这篇短文主要介绍了现代著名艺术家Dali的作品风格及the world of Dali中的展品情况。
1．B [推理判断题。短文首段介绍了艺术家Dali的作品。由“...with an exhibition bring together over 200 paintings，sculptures，drawings and more.”一句可知，Dali的作品众多，是一个多产画家。故答案为B。]
2．A [推理判断题。根据第一段“...the visitors will find the best pieces，most importantly the Persistence of Memory”可知，该作品在Dali的最佳作品中是最重要的，由此可以推Dali的杰作之一。]
3．D [事实细节题。根据第二段末句中的“...follows a path of time and subject.”可知，Dali的作品是按时间和主题进行布展的。答案选D。]
4．A [词义猜测题。由最后一段可知，展出的作品主要来源于两个途径：一是与马德里的一家艺术馆密切合作；一是靠像Salvador Dali Museum这样的机构的捐赠。联系全文大意及前一分句不难推测其它机A。]
Passage 2
【语篇导读】 本文主要介绍了一项调查研究的结果，由于人类制造的光线问题，越来越多的鸟类如知更鸟在晚上也会唱歌，这极大地影响了鸟的健康。
1．B [细节理解题。根据文章第二段的 David Dominoni, of Glasgow University, said that light from street lamps, take away signs and homes is affecting the birds’ biological clock, leading to them being wide awake 可知选择B。]
2．B [细节理解题。根据文章第四段的Singing is a costly behaviour and it takes energy.可知，唱歌唱的越多，就会损耗更多的能量，故选择B。]
3．A [词义猜测题。根据上文的And it is not just robins that are being kept awake by artificial light.Blackbirds and seagulls are also being可知乌鸦和海鸥情况也一样，也就是说这两种鸟晚上也唱歌，即晚上很兴奋。]
4．A [细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的It is thought that they are capitalising on their predators(天敌)fleeing to quieter areas.可知，它们的天敌都去了安静的地方，在这些工业区，天敌更少，也就是危险更少。]
Passage 3
【语篇导读】 在太空中生活常常有奇奇怪怪的事情。睡姿、自行车无座无把、二氧化碳头疼等。
1．A [细节理解题。第二段第二句可知，在睡觉时到底把手放在睡袋里还是睡袋外，即确定睡姿，选A。]
2．C [细节理解题。第三段第五句staying in one place too long可知，如果在同一个地方待太长时间，呼出二氧化碳，趋向在头上形成隐形的云，从而引起二氧化碳性头疼。可知选C。]
3．D [判断推理题。由第四段可知，内耳认为你要倒下，而眼睛告诉你在直立。即：大脑接收到了恰恰相反的信息。选D。]
4．B [判断推理题。由第五段提示词more importantly可知，人们B。]
Passage 4
【语篇导读】 该篇介绍了专家们通过实验了解了互联网是如何改变我们记忆内容以及方式的，但这并不意味着我们是否能变得聪明，但毫无疑问的是，我们记忆的方式正在改变。
1．A [考查写作意图。由第一段可知作者使用两个问题是为了引出要讨论的话题。]
2．C [考查细节理解。由第二段so they did not try to remember it可知。]
3．D [考查细节理解。由第三段Rather, they remember how to find it可知在交互记忆里，人们记得如何找到信息。]
4．A [考查推理判断。由第四段but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing可知。]
Passage 5
【语篇导读】 本文以驯兽师在驯兽时用椅子挡在狮子面前来分散它的注意力使狮子不知所措为引子，联想到当人们面临多种选择感到困惑时该怎么办？
1．A [事实细节题。根据文章第一段中“When a lion tamer holds a chair...what to do next.”可知，驯兽师拿一把椅子是想哄骗狮子，故选A。]
2．A [推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“With its focus divided...what to do next”可知，当人们面临选择时和狮子面对椅子时的感觉相似，就是困惑，不知所措，故选A。]
3．B [推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中“This upsets me to no end...is best”可知，作者对专家的态度是怀疑的，故选B。]
4．C [推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Anytime you find the world...you just need to get started.”可知，作者建议人们快速做出决定，故选C。]
Passage 6
【语篇导读】 本文为说明文。水上行走一直是人类的梦想，但由于身体的局限性很难完成，但现在有一种折中的方法——在水面上撒玉米粉。
1．B [细节理解题。根据第一段第二句话可知因为我们太重了，如果没有人工辅助，我们的身体很难B。]
2．C [细节理解题。根据第二段第二句和第三句话可知，这种蜥蜴每秒移动二十步来保持高速水上行走，故选C。]
3．A [细节理解题。根据第三段可知，把足够的玉米粉撒在水面上，水中的粒子群可以使水面变得坚固一些，只要速度够快，每一步都用力均匀就能走过水面，故选A。]
4．D [观点态度题。根据第四段可知，利用玉米面在水面上行走听起来不错，但在实践时有一定危险，一定要做好防护措施，因D。]
Passage 7
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇说明文。给读者介绍了味道在实体店销售过程中体现出越来越重要的作用，并且通过运动品商店和巴黎购物街的例子，来证明运用味道带来的改变和不同，然后对比网络商店，来说明实体店可以给购物者带来全方位的体验的优势，最后介绍了现在的一个著名的商店是如何运用味觉元素的。
1．B [细节理解And it is proving to be an increasingly powerful tool in encouraging people to purchase.向大家介绍了“味道”这个能够刺激购买的越来越强有力的重要工具，由文中句子即可找到答案。]
2．A [推理判断题。根据文章第五段提及的．..e－shops can use sights and sounds.可知网店只能提供视觉和听觉的体验。only bricks－and－mortar stores (实体店) can offer a full experience from the minute customers step through the door to the moment they leave.而只有实体店从顾客踏入店门到离开的那一刻能为顾客提供全方位的体验，此句说明了实体店的优势。所以文章提到e－shop 的作用是显现实体店的优势。]
3．C [词义猜测题。答案能够从画线词汇的前后找到，Another brand store seeks to be much more than a shop，but rather a destination，and scent is just one way to achieve this.这个商店所要的是一个不仅仅是商店的地方，而是一个目的地，而气味恰恰就是(让顾客)到达这个地方的一个方法。A 选项说的是陈列货品的地方，这是商店的功能的一部分，所以不正确；B项是一个旅游者乐意去的景点，这和商店的功能不符合；D项是一个商店所期望达到的预期，但是没有点名预期是什么，最终的预期其实正是C项中一个大家都爱去的地]
4．D [推理判断题。文章开始部分向大家介绍了味道在实体店销售的过程中吸引顾客，从而使商店不断更加引人注目的重要性，接下来就通过举例运动品商店和巴黎最有名的购物街说明了味道的作用，一个是接下来就引入了“e－shop”来体现实体店中味道给购物者能带来全面的体验，最后以一个现在正在使用味道的有名的购物中心是如何应用味道来吸引消费者和促进销售的。可以看出整个的过程就是先告知结果，然后再解释论证的过程。A
对比，评估：文章提到了“e－shop”只是对比，来体现实体店的优势，但是B 检测与评定：文章直接给出了味道的作用日益明显，没有检测的过程；C 争论和探讨：文章没有争论，也没有探讨。]