Section 14 完形填空
说明文
【命题探究】
在说明文类完形填空题中，作者一般是首先提出一个要说明的对象，如某种理论、某种方法、某种技巧、某项活动，然后按照从时间、空间、事情发展的顺序，再运用举例、对比、演绎、归纳等一定的方式进行介绍或说明。说明文类完形填空常就某一个问题从不同的角度来加以说明，文章可
1．通过短文抓主旨
一般情况
2．精读短文析文章
应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服“思维定势”，根据全文大意和“词不离句，句不离文”的原则，逐项填空，要吃透文章，理解到位，应做到以下几点：
第一，从上下文的角度考虑，注意其内在的联系。
第二，从词汇意义及用法、惯用方式和搭配角度去考虑，准确判断。
第三，从逻辑推理、常识等角度，挖掘文章的寓意及隐含的意义。
3．复读全文核答案
在做完一篇完形填空后，应从头到尾读一遍，根据复读的语感和对整篇的理解，再次将较明显的错误改正，个别需要推敲的再进行调整，尽可能少出错。
1．__41__(For example)，different societies treat the__42__(distance) between people differently.Northern Europeans usually do not like having__43__(bodily) contact(接触) even with friends，and certainly not with__44__(strangers)．People from Latin American countries，__45__，touch each other quite a lot.
45．A.in other words
B．on the other hand
C．in a similar way
D．by all means
答案 B
【方法指导】
利用语意转折法解题
作者在对事物的步骤、过程等进行说明时，为了表达的需要，通常会运用并列、转折、递进等写作手法，这些信息是解题的重要根据。其中，语意转折是作者表达思想的常见方法。上文先是叙述北欧人不喜欢身体接触，但是在谈到拉美人的时候语义却发生了转折，所以不再在同一个语义层次上，而是另一个方面——拉丁美洲人经常互相接触。故用on the other hand，意为“另一方面”。
2．Body language is the quiet，secret and most powerful language of all！It speaks__36__than words.According to specialists，our bodies send out more __37__(messages)than we realize.In fact，non－verbal(非语言)communication takes up about 50% of what we really__38__(mean)．
36．A.straighter
B．louder
C．harder
D．further
答案 B
【方法指导】
利用生活常识法解题
“生活常识法”是说明文类完形填空解题时的常用方法。作者所要说明的事物通常符合科学原理和理性思维，且不带有个人想象的色彩，这为解题提供了很大的
在说明文类完形填空的解题过程中，生活常识法是比较常用的。本文中“It speaks louder than words.”所要表达的意思就是大家所熟知的谚语：沉默胜过雄辩。据此可以选出正确答案。
Cloze 1
(2015·安徽高考)In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one. The__1__is that countries around the world have growing mountains of __2__because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.
How did we__3__a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to__4__an object than to spend time and money to repair it.__5__modern manufacturing (制造业) and technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products are plentiful and__6__.
Another cause is our__7__of disposable (一次性的) products. As__8__people, we are always looking for__9__to save time and make our lives easier. Companies__10__thousands of different kinds of disposable products: paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few.
Our appetite for new products also__11__to the problem. We are__12__buying new things. Advertisements persuade us that__13__is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. The result is that we__14__useful possessions to make room for new ones.
All around the world, we can see the__15__of this throwaway lifestyle. Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger. To__16__the amount of rubbish and to protect the__17__， more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.__18__， this is not enough to solve (解决) our problem.
Maybe there is another way out. We need to repair our possessions__19__throwing them away. We also need to rethink our attitudes about__20__．Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.
1．A.key
B．reason C．project
D．problem
2．A.gifts
B．rubbish
C．debt
D．products
3．A.faceB．become C．observe
D．change
4．A.hideB．control C．replace
D．withdraw
5．A.Thanks to
B．As to
C．Except for
D．Regardless of
6．A.safe B．funny
C．cheap D．powerful
7．A.love
B．lack
C．prevention
D. division
8．A.sensitive
B．kind
C．brave D．busy
9．A.waysB．places
C．jobs
D．friends
10．A.donate
B．receive C．produce
D．preserve
11．A.adapts
B．returns
C．responds D．contributes
12．A.tired of
B．addicted to
C．worried about
D．ashamed for
13．A.newer
B．stronger
C．higher D．larger
14．A.pick up
B．pay for
C．hold onto D．throw away
15．A.advantages
B．purposes
C．functions D．consequences
16．A.show
B．record C．decrease
D．measure
17．A.technology
B．environment
C．consumers D．brands
18．A.However
B．Otherwise
C．Therefore D．Meanwhile
19．A.by
B．in favour of
C．after D．instead of
20．A.spending
B．collecting
C．repairing D．advertising
Cloze 2
(2017·广东高考)Parents feel that it is difficult to live with teenagers.Then again，teenagers have
__1__
feelings about their parents，saying that it is not easy living with them.According to a recent research，the most common
__2__
between parents and teenagers is that regarding untidiness and daily routine tasks.On the one hand，parents go mad over
__3__
rooms，clothes thrown on the floor and their children’s refusal to help with the
__4__.On the other hand，teenagers lose their patience continually when parents blame them for
__5__
the towel in the bathroom，not cleaning up their room or refusing to do the shopping at the supermarket.
The research，conducted by St.George University，shows that different parents have different
__6__
to these problems.However，some approaches are more
__7__
than others.For example，those parents who yell at their children for their untidiness，but
__8__
clean the room for them，have fewer chances of changing their children’s
__9__.On the contrary，those who let teenagers experience the
__10__
of their actions can do better.For example，when teenagers who don’t help their parents with the shopping don’t find their favorite drink in the refrigerator，they are forced to
__11__
their actions.
Psychologists say that
__12__
is the most important thing in parent－child relationships.Parents should
__13__
to their children but at the same time they should lend an ear to what they have to say.Parents may
__14__
their children when they are untidy but they should also understand that their room is their own private space.Communication is a two－way process.It is only by listening to and
__15__
each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.
1．A.natural
B．strong
C．guilty
D．similar
2．A.interestB．argument C．link
D．knowledge
3．A.noisyB．crowded C．messy
D．locked
4．A.homework B．housework
C．problem
D．research
5．A.washing
B．using
C．dropping
D．replacing
6．A.approaches
B．contributions
C．introductions
D．attitudes
7．A.complex
B．popular
C．scientific
D．successful
8．A.later
B．deliberately
C．seldom
D．thoroughly
9．A.behavior B．taste
C．future
D．nature
10．A.failures
B．changes
C．consequences
D．thrills
11．A.defend
B．delay
C．repeat
D．reconsider
12．A.communication
B．bond
C．friendship
D．trust
13．A.reply B．attend
C．attach
D．talk
14．A.hate
B．scold
C．frighten
D．stop
15．A.loving
B．observing
C．understanding
D．praising
Cloze 3
(2017·重庆高考)Cultural differences occur wherever you go.When visiting another country，you should be aware of those differences and__1__ them.Here are some
__2__
on how to fit in.
Every traveler to a foreign country feels__3__
at some point.What you do can make locals laugh.Your best defense is a sense of
__4__.If you can laugh off eating with the wrong hand in India，locals will warm to you as“that crazy foreigner.”
Wearing proper clothes is important too，__5__
locals will judge you by what you wear.In some Middle Eastern countries，exposing your flesh is
__6__，especially if you are a woman.So leave your torn jeans at home.
Also be cautious about expressing
__7__.Getting angry in Southeast Asia just makes you look silly.In some countries it is
__8__
to kiss in public.
1．A.reject
B．recite
C．respect
D．remove
2．A.plans
B．tips
C．arguments
D．choices
3．A.unsafe
B．excited
C．satisfied
D．awkward
4．A.relief
B．belonging
C．humor
D．direction
5．A.but
B．for
C．so
D．or
6．A.forbidden
B．allowed
C．expected
D．tolerated
7．A.emotions
B．concern
C．interest
D．views
8．A.natural
B．advisable
C．unwise
D．unnecessary Section 14 完形填空
说明文
【高考真题演练】
经典高考真题
Cloze 1
【语篇导读】 文章主要讲的是堆积如山的垃圾给环境带来的影响。随着社会的发展，人们倾向于扔掉用旧了的东西，以新物品取而代之。而且，包装盒等一次性产品给人们带来方便的同时，也给环境带来很大的压力。
1．D [句意：关键是世界各国日益堆积如山的垃圾。A.答案；B.原因；C.项目；D.问题。根据第二行“the world...”可知，出现的问题是垃圾堆积如山，故选D。]
2．B [句意：因为人们扔掉垃圾比以往任何时候都多。考查上下文逻辑关系。根据下文中的throwing out more rubbish可知。]
3．B [句意：我们如何成为一个一次性的社会？考查动词辨析。]
4．C [句意：首先，现在我们可以更容易地替换一个对象要比花时间和金钱来修复它更容易。]
5．A [句意：由于现代制造业和技术，公司能够迅速而廉价地制造产品。 考查介词短语辨析。A.幸亏；由于；B.至于；关于；C.除……之外；D.不顾；不管。]
6．C [句意：产品丰富多样并且廉价。 考查形容词辨析。A.安全的；B.滑稽可笑的；D.强大的；强有力的；均不符合题意。]
7．A [句意：一次性的另一个原因是我们的爱(一次性的)产品。考查名词辨析。B.缺乏；C.预防；阻碍；D.部门；分割。]
8．D [句意：对于忙碌的人而言，我们一直在寻找方法来节省时间，让我们的生活更容易。 考查生活常识。A.敏感的；B.和蔼的；C.勇敢的。]
9．A [句意：见8题。way to do sth为固定搭配。]
10．C [句意：公司生 考查逻辑关系。A.捐赠；B.收到；D.保护；维持。]
11．D [句意：我们的新产品需求也导致一些问题。 考查固定短语搭配。A.适应；改编；B.返回；回复；C.对……做出反应。D.contribute to “有助于；导致”。]
12．B [句意：我们热衷于购买新东西。考查固定短语搭配。A.对……厌倦；B.对……上瘾；迷恋于……；C.担心；D.
13．A [句意：广告说服我们：越新越好。我们会更乐于使用最新产品。 考查生活常识。]
14．D [句意：结果是，我们扔掉有用的东西，为新的物品腾出空间。 考查上下文逻辑关系。A.捡起；学会；B.付款；赔偿；C.紧紧抓住，抓住不放；保持住；D.扔掉，丢弃。]
15．D [句意：在世界各地，我们可以看到这种一次性生活方式的后果。考查名词辨析。A.优B.目的；C.功能：D.后果；结果。]
16．C [句意：为了减少垃圾，保护环境，越来越多的政府要求人们回收材料。考查动词辨析。显示；表明；B.记录；记载；C.减少；D.测量；权衡。]
17．B [句意：见16题。 考查上下文逻辑关系。由文章最后的take care of our environment可知。]
18．A [句意：然而，这并不足以解决我 考查联系副词。A.可是；然而；B.否则； C．否则；D.与此同时。]
19．D [句意：我们需要修复我们的财产而不是丢弃。 考查介词和介词短语辨析。B.支持；赞成。]
20．A [句意：我们还需要重新思考我们对消费的态度。 考查逻辑关系。由上文可知。]
Cloze 2
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇说明文，指
1．D [由not easy living with them (their parents) (孩子觉得与父母生活在一起不易)与difficult to live with teenagers(父母觉得与十几岁的孩子生活在一起很难)可知，孩子与父母有“相似的”感受。]
2．B [由前两句，可知父母之间有“矛盾”，再根据regarding untidiness and daily routine tasks(关于不整洁和日常事情)，对照各选项，只有argument(争吵)适合。]
3．C [由前句的untidiness和后面的clothes thrown on the floor可知，房间是messy(凌乱不堪的)。]
4．B [由上文提到的收拾房间之类的事，应是housework(家务活)。]
5．C [由后面的not cleaning up their room or refusing to do the shopping可知，这里应是dropping the towel in the bathroom，一起为blame them的原因。]
6．A [由下句的However，some approaches提示，可知这里是指“不同的父母对待这些问题有不同的‘方法’”，故选A项。]
7．D [从下面的例子可以看出，有些方法比别的方法更能“达到预期的目的(successful)”。下文中的do better也D项。]
8．A [yell at their children(对孩子大声叫喊)之后，意为“但是‘后来’又为他们清扫房间”。]
9．A [根据上下文语境，应该是改变孩子不爱整洁的“行为(behavior)”。]
10．C [根据下文所举的例子“不帮父母去买东西”“在冰箱里就找不到自己最喜欢的饮料”可知，这是让孩子“感受到自己的行为产生的‘后果’”。故选C项。]
11D [在有了上述经历之后，他们就会“重新考虑”他们的行动。]
12．A [由下文中的Communication is a two－way process可知，此处填communication。]
13．D [由but可知，要选与lend an ear to(＝listen to倾听)相对的talk，是转折关系，故选D项。]
14．B [由but可知，要选与understand (理解)相对的scold(]
15．C [此句是强调句型，是对前两句的总结，一句是说要lend an ear to(＝listen to倾听)，一句是说要understand (理解)，所以总结为“只有通过倾听和相互理解，父母与孩子之间的问题才可得到解决”。故选C项。]
Cloze 3
【语篇导读】 这是一篇说明文。文化差异无处不在，当在别的国家时意识到这种差异是十分重要的，关于如何适应这种差异，本文为读
1．C [根据下文提及的“入乡随俗”的建议，我们首先应该“尊重”这种文化差异，故选C。]
2．B [该文章第一段与下面三段是总分关系，该句是中心句。根据下文三条并列的建议可知此处填tips。]
3．D [根据语境，初到某处有文化差异定会令人感到尴尬笨拙，故选D。]
4．C [根据下文列举实例可知当遇到尴尬情况时，幽默感可以让你感觉舒服一些，C。]
5．B [后文是解释提出前面建议的原因，故用for。]
6．A [根据该段最后一句“把你的破了洞的牛仔留在家里”，可知在中东国家露肉是被“禁止”的，故选A。]
7．A [根据后一句“生气会让你看起来愚蠢”，可知一定要小心表达自己的“情感”，故选A。]
8．C [根据本段建议要小心表达个人情感，而亲吻是表达情感的方式，所以当众亲吻定是“不明智”的，故选C。]