课时提升作业(三十一)
选修10 Units 3、4
1. (原创)Nine major provincial satellite channels have singing competitions on air,
three more lining up to run, according to local media reports.
A. for B. over C. with D. beyond
2. (2017·石家庄模拟)—How did she lose so much weight as expected?
— eating less, she jogged for several miles every day.
A. In spite of B. In addition to
C. Instead of
D. Thanks to
3. It is hard to the influence of the father’s smoking on the children’s behavior.
A. involve B. assess
C. launch
D. demand
4. (2017·南京模拟)After receiving many protest letters, the newspaper apologized for a(n) article it had published.
A. theoretical B. offensive
C. elegant
D. definite
5. (2017·西安模拟)It is reported that the government refuses to with terrorists.
A. confirm B. evaluate
C. consult
D. negotiate
6. (2017·连云港模拟)It was of them to have sent the old people and children to safety in case the flood destroyed their village.
A. tolerant B. considerate
C. typical
D. compulsory
7. (2017·宝鸡模拟)The family as well as their dog on the roof by the flood last week.
A. was trapped B. trapped
C. were trapped
D. would trap
8. (2017·黄石模拟)The writer says that he usually gets the for his novels from the small village he lives in.
A. inspiration B. quotation
C. reaction
D. restriction
9. No matter whether the law can really improve the reading rate, is true that more and more Chinese don’t read.
A. this B. one
C. it
D. what
10. Before you quit your job, how your family would feel about your decision.
A. consider B. considering
C. to consider
D. considered
11. (原创)Some Chinese parents are sending their children, at huge expense, to international schools for they believe to be a superior education.
A. which B. what
C. that
D. where
12. is often the case with old people, my grandfather is fond of good old days.
A. Which B. It
C. As
D. That
13. Be sure to wear gloves when mirror edges.
A. smoothed B. to smooth
C. smoothing
D. being smoothed
14. (2017·哈尔滨模拟) he was the last man I wanted to see, I did all in my power to help him.
A. As B. Now that
C. While
D. However
15. —I love the Internet. I’ve come to know many friends on the Net.
— . Few of them would become your real friends.
A. That’s for sure B. It’s not the case
C. I couldn’t agree more
D. I’m pleased to know that
Ⅱ. 阅读理解
LIPITOR
ABOUT LIPITOR
Lipitor is a prescription medicine. Along with diet and exercise, it lowers “bad” cholesterol(胆固醇)in your blood. It can also raise “good” cholesterol.
Lipitor can lower the risk of heart attack in patients with several common risk factors, including family history of early heart disease, high blood pressure, age and smoking.
WHO IS LIPITOR FOR?
Who can take LIPITOR:
·People who cannot lower their cholesterol enough with diet and exercise.
·Adults and children over 10.
Who should NOT take LIPITOR:
·Women who are pregnant, may be pregnant, or may become pregnant. Lipitor may harm your unborn baby.
·Women who are breast-feeding. Lipitor can pass into your breast milk and may harm your baby.
·People with liver(肝脏)problems.
POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS OF LIPITOR
Serious side effects in a small number of people:
·Muscle(肌肉)problems that can lead to kidney(肾脏)problems, including kidney failure.
·Liver problems. Your doctor may do blood tests to check your liver before you start Lipitor and while you are taking it.
Call your doctor right away if you have:
·Unexplained muscle pain or weakness, especially if you have a fever or feel very tired.
·Swelling of the face, lips, tongue, and/or throat that may cause difficulty in breathing or swallowing.
·Stomach pain.
Some common side effects of LIPITOR are:
·Muscle pain.
·Upset stomach.
·Changes in some blood tests.
HOW TO TAKE LIPITOR
DO:
·Take Lipitor as prescribed by your doctor.
·Try to eat heart-healthy foods while you take Lipitor.
·Take Lipitor at any time of day, with or without food.
·If you miss a dose(一剂), take it as soon as you remember. But if it has been more than 12 hours since your missed dose, wait. Take the next dose at your regular time.
Don’t:
·Do not change or stop your dose before talking to your doctor.
·Do not start new medicines before talking to your doctor.
1. Taking Lipitor is helpful for .
A. breast-feeding women
B. women who are pregnant
C. adults having heart disease
D. teenagers with liver problems
2. If it has been over 12 hours since you missed a dose, you should .
A. change the amount of your next dose
B. eat more when taking your next dose
C. have a dose as soon as you remember
D. take the next dose at your regular time
3. Which of the following is a common side effect of taking Lipitor?
A. Face swelling.
B. Upset stomach.
C. Kidney failure.
D. Muscle weakness.
4. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To teach patients ways for quick recovery.
B. To present a report on a scientific research.
C. To show the importance of a good lifestyle.
D. To give information about a kind of medicine.
Ⅲ. 任务型阅读
(2017·镇江模拟)
Could you believe that the ideal person is never the best at anything? Our heads are so full of ambitions about wealth and power that we spin our wheels until we burn ourselves out and are left hopeless and exhausted.
There is great pressure to attain the highest level of achievement. By satisfying our vanity(虚荣)we do ourselves more harm than good. The only way to achieve sustainable happiness is to practice the Golden Mean.
The idea of the Golden Mean has existed for thousands of years. It is at the centre of both Eastern and Western philosophy and has more influence than the teachings of Aristotle and Confucius. The idea is simple. Every quality has extremes at both ends. The Golden Mean is the natural balance between these extremes. At this harmonious point goodness and beauty are achieved.
Socrates used the example of extreme devotion to athletics versus(与…相比)extreme devotion to music to illustrate this idea. The athlete becomes overly aggressive and cruel, while the musician becomes overly soft and womanish. The ideal is someone who practices both athletics and music and acquires a harmonious mixture of both qualities.
Consider an example from modern times that I’m sure everyone has observed. The first person is extremely career-driven. Each day he focuses on advancing himself. He spends long hours at the office, competes mercilessly with his coworkers, and flatters his superiors. As a result he has almost no personal life. The second person’s only pursuit is leisure. He likes to waste time with his friends watching television and playing video games.
Which of these persons is superior? Many people would argue for the hard worker. But at second glance his life is rather cold. His obsession(痴迷)with success has conflicted with his coworkers and left him without a family. He may become rich, but how will he enjoy it? The second man is no better. He has wasted his life in laziness. He has refused to develop himself and exists as a lazybones. Both men are worthy of pity.
I think we’d all agree the ideal would be somewhere in between these two people. So how do we find the abstract Golden Mean?
It all starts with setting the right goals. Whenever you make a goal you need to do it with the right intention. Don’t set goals with the intention to command other people. Instead, try to start with a goal that is in between total selfishness and total selflessness.
The next step to reaching the Golden Mean is knowing your limits. You need to know when one more project is going to stress you out. The idea is to maintain balance at all times.
Another step to achieving the Golden Mean is being aware of your personal needs. Sure we need money and success, but having good relationships with friends and family are just as important.
I know the Golden Mean is hard to live by, but it is the key to finding your inner confidence. Ben Franklin said, “The wise keep learning from the mistakes of others, fools, scarcely from their own. ”Next time you find yourself willing to do anything to be the best of the best, take a moment to reconsider. You may find it is better to be the best “you” you can be.
What is the Golden Mean?
Passage outline Passage details
Problems and solution •We(1) so much about wealth and power that we can burn ourselves out.
•People are in pursuit of their extremes under great(2) .
•The only way to solve these problems is to practice the Golden Mean.
Explanation of the Golden Mean The Golden Mean is the natural(3) between these extremes which exist at both ends of every quality.
Supporting(4) •By(5) the athlete and the musician, Socrates believed the ideal person should acquire a harmonious mixture of both qualities.
•The career-driven person is(6) to his office work, competing with his colleagues and flattering his superiors.
•The leisure-seeking person wastes his life in laziness. Both deserve pity.
(7) to achieving the Golden Mean •Set the right goals, which are neither totally selfish nor totally(8) .
•Know your limits and(9) balance at all times.
•Know your personal needs. Money and success are needed, but having good relationships with others also(10) .
【语篇随练】多练一点 技高一筹
用阅读理解中的词汇填空
side effects, right away, along with, harm, lead to
1. I told him
what I thought of him.
2. There is no doubt that stress can
physical illness.
3. Tom was arrested
eleven other men.
4. The government insists that the dam will not
the environment.
5. It is said that the treatment has no significant
.
答案解析
Ⅰ. 1. 【解析】选C。考查with复合结构。句意: 据当地媒体报道, 九大省级卫星频道都在播出歌唱比赛节目, 另有三家正准备加入这个行列。
【加固训练】
①(原创)Weibo is like a public network, with people information publicly; whatever they say or publish can be seen by everybody.
A. shared B. sharing
C. to share
D. share
【解析】选B。句意: 微博像是一个公开网络, 人们公开分享信息, 不管他们说什么、发布什么, 大家都可以看到。在with复合结构中, people与share是逻辑上的主谓关系, 因此这里用现在分词表主动。不定式常表将来。
②(2017·济南模拟)The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already
for a meal to be cooked.
A. laid
B. laying
C. to lay
D. being laid
【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词。句意: 客厅干净、整洁, 一张餐桌已经摆好……分析句子结构可知, 此句为with宾语复合结构, 其中lay与a dining table之间为逻辑上的动宾关系, 故要用过去分词。
2. 【解析】选B。考查介词短语辨析。句意: ——她怎样如愿地瘦了这么多? ——除了少吃外, 她每天还慢跑几英里。in addition to意为“除了……还……”, 符合语境。
3. 【解析】选B。句意: 很难评估父亲吸烟的行为对孩子们行为的影响。assess评估; involve使卷入; launch发射; demand要求。
4. 【解析】选B。句意: 收到很多抗议信后, 那家报纸为刊登过的一篇攻击性的文章道歉了。theoretical理论上的; offensive攻击性的; elegant优雅的; definite明确的。
5. 【解析】选D。句意: 据报道, 政府拒绝与恐怖分子谈判。confirm确认; evaluate评价, 估价; consult咨询, 查询; negotiate协商, 谈判。
6. 【解析】选B。考查形容词的用法。句意: 他们把老年人和孩子送到安全的地方以防洪水毁坏村庄的做法是很周到的。considerate体贴的, 周到的, 符合句意。tolerant忍受的; typical典型的; compulsory义务的。
7. 【解析】选C。句意: 上周, 那家人还有他们饲养的狗都被洪水困在了屋顶。as well as连接并列成分作主语时, 谓语动词与前面的名词或代词保持一致。“The family”在这里指的是一家人, 所以谓语动词用复数形式, 且人是被洪水困住的, 所以应用被动语态。
8. 【解析】选A。考查名词辨析。句意: 这位作家说, 他常常从他居住的小村子里得到他小说创作的灵感。这里用inspiration表示“灵感”。quotation“引用, 引述”; reaction“反应, 回应”; restriction“限制, 约束”。
9. 【解析】选C。句意: 不论立法能否真正地提高阅读率, 但不阅读的中国人的确越来越多。it作形式主语, 指代后面that引导的主语从句。
10. 【解析】选A。考查祈使句。句意: 你在放弃工作之前, 考虑一下你的家人对你的决定的看法。分析句子结构可知, before引导的是时间状语从句, 其后是主句, 主句中没有出现主语, 说明这是一个祈使句, 应用动词原形consider。故选A。
11. 【解析】选B。句意: 一些中国家长花一大笔钱把他们的孩子送到国际学校接受他们认为是更好的教育。分析句子结构可知, “ they believe to be a superior education”是宾语从句, 且空格处在宾语从句中作“believe”的宾语, 故用what。
【误区警示】易误选C项。要注意名词性从句引导词的句法功能, that引导名词性从句时, 在句中只起连接作用, 不作成分。
12. 【解析】选C。句意: 就像其他老人那样, 我祖父也很喜欢过去的好时光。分析句子成分可知, 空格处引导非限制性定语从句, as指代主句内容, 其引导的从句可以在主句前, 也可以位于主句后, 有时位于主句中间, 且含有“正如……一样”之意, 所以本题选择as。
13. 【解析】选C。句意: 磨平镜子边缘时一定要戴手套。when smoothing是when you are smoothing的省略形式。
【加固训练】
I can say this is an illness that can result in total blindness if untreated in time.
A. leaving B. left
C. to leave
D. having left
【解析】选B。考查省略与非谓语动词。句意: 我敢肯定, 如果这种病不能及时治疗的话, 有可能导致彻底丧失视力。“an illness”与“leave”之间构成被动关系, 故选用过去分词left。其余三项非谓语动词的语态与语境不符。此句亦可看成是if引导的条件状语从句的省略, 补全为: The illness can result in total blindness if it is left untreated in time. 。
14. 【解析】选C。句意: 尽管他是我最不想见的人, 但是我尽我所能去帮助他。此处while表示“尽管”, 符合逻辑。
【拓展延伸】while的连词用法
(1)用作从属连词, 意思是“当……时; 和……同时”, 引导时间状语从句。注意该状语从句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词, 不能是终止性动词, 如果是终止性动词, 可根据情况用when或as。
They phoned while you were out.
你不在家时他们打来了电话。(be out为延续性动词)
When I came in, he was reading a book.
我进来时, 他正在读一本书。
(2)如果从句的主语与主句的主语为同一个人或物且从句的谓语含有系动词be时, 可省略从句的主语及系动词be; 如果从句的主语与主句的主语不是同一个人或物, 则不可省略。
The boy watched TV while(he was)eating.
这个男孩边吃边看电视。
She took a bath while I was preparing a meal.
我准备饭菜的时候, 她在洗澡。
(3)用作并列连词, 意思是“但; 却; 然而”, 表示对比或与前面的情况相反, 注意when和as不能表示这一含义。
She likes drinking black coffee while I prefer it with cream.
她喜欢喝黑咖啡而我喜欢加奶油的。
I earn only 100 dollars a month, while you earn 400 dollars.
我一个月只赚一百美元, 你却赚四百美元。
(4)用作从属连词, 表示让步, 意思是“虽然”, 其意义相当于although, 主要用于书面语中。注意主句的前面不可有but等连接词。
While he understands your idea, he doesn’t agree with you.
虽然他了解你的想法, 但他还是不赞同你。
15. 【解析】选B。考查情景交际。句意: ——我喜爱因特网。我已经在网上认识很多朋友了。——事实并非如此。他们中很少有人能够成为你真正的朋友。That’s for sure“那是确定无疑的”; It’s not the case“事实并非如此”; I couldn’t agree more“我完全同意”; I’m pleased to know that“知道那事我很高兴”。根据答语中的“Few of them would become your real friends. ”可知, 应选B项。
Ⅱ. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文, 介绍了药品立普妥(LIPITOR)的用途、适用人群、可能产生的副作用和服用方法。
1. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一部分Lipitor can lower the risk of heart attack. . . 以及第二部分中Lipitor的适用人群Adults and children over 10. 可知, 服用Lipitor对患有心脏病的成年人有帮助。
2. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。由第四部分中的“But if it has been more than 12 hours since your missed dose, wait. Take the next dose at your regular time. ”可知选D。
3. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三部分中的Some common side effects of LIPITOR are下面的Upset stomach可知选B。
4. 【解析】选D。主旨大意题。本文是一篇说明文, 旨在向读者介绍立普妥(LIPITOR)这种药的有关信息, 故选D。
Ⅲ. 答案: 1. expect/desire 2. pressure 3. balance
4. examples 5. comparing 6. devoted/dedicated
7. Steps 8. selfless 9. maintain/keep 10. counts
【语篇随练】
1. right away
2. lead to
3. along with
4. harm
5. side effects.