2017届广东省广州市高考英语一轮复习试题精选:完形填空(导读)(含解析)-查字典英语网
搜索1
所在位置: 查字典英语网 >高中英语 > 高考英语 > 高考高考英语 > 高考高考复习指南 > 2017届广东省广州市高考英语一轮复习试题精选:完形填空(导读)(含解析)

2017届广东省广州市高考英语一轮复习试题精选:完形填空(导读)(含解析)

发布时间:2017-03-15  编辑:查字典英语网小编

  完形填空

  考点解读

  完形填空题是一种综合测试,涉及的知识面很广,用来测试考生的阅读理解能力和综合语言应用的能力。它要求学生不仅要熟练掌握语法知识结构、词语的用法特点和短语的搭配习惯,还必须具有良好的阅读能力和较强的分析判断能力,能从语篇角度出发,通读上下文,既要考虑形式上的完整,又要考虑意义上合乎逻辑,选择有据,找到正确答案。完形填空题材广泛,它涉及日常生活、文史知识、科技小品、政治、经济、人物、社会、故事等各个方面。体裁主要是记叙文、说明文和议论文。它的命题原则是“以实词为主,虚词为辅,突出词汇语境化”。

  考纲解读

  考题分析

  从近年来的高考试题看,高考完形填空试题具有如下特点:

  1. 完整性

  尽管文章有意挖去了一些词或短语,使信息链中断,造成间隔性的语义空白,但仍不失为一篇表达完整的文章。完形填空题一般为记叙文、说明文和夹叙夹议的文章。记叙文具有很强的故事性,故事情节涉及时间、地点、人物、过程、结局等基本要素。说明文一般开篇点题,段落之间承上启下,过渡自然连贯。无论哪种体裁,都提供完整的语篇信息。

  命题分析

  2.实词性

  完形填空题的设置以意义完整为主,惯用搭配和语法正确为辅。所给选项以实词为主,虚词为辅。而对实词的考查又以考查情景意义为主。如动词、名词、形容词等占很大比重,而介词的考查多以习语、惯用法等形式出现。

  3. 同类性

  同类性是指所给的四个选项基本上都属于同一种词性或词形,要么都是名词,要么都是动词。如果是动词,要么都是现在分词,要么都是过去式等。这种题型要求考生要从所给词语本身的意义和用法入手进行分析,逐一排除错误的或不太妥当的选项,最终确定最佳答案。

  4. 语境性

  “词不离句,句不离文”是完形填空题最突出的一个特点。很多时候,所给的四个选项从语法角度来看都正确,或者没有明显的语法错误,单独从此空所在的句子很难做出判断。题目的设置绝大多数是就近暗示,如关键词、短语、甚至是标点符号,都有可能是答题的突破口。如 and, or, however, but 等前后连接成分的同义或反义关系; that is,

  in other words 等起解释说明作用;还有的以句子形式出现,通过上下句的对照可找到答案。

  命题分析

  5. 推理性

  近年来,完形填空题越来越侧重考查学生根据上下文所提供的信息进行语言逻辑推理判断的能力。因此,题目的设置有朝深层结构或语境化方向发展的趋势。每个题目所提供的四个选项中只有一个是目标项,其他均为干扰项。这要求学生不仅要捕捉上下文乃至全文的信息,而且要按照事物的发展规律、前因后果等进行综合分析判断,从而选出正确的答案。

  6. 常识性

  有些题目的设置无论从词汇、语法、惯用法还是语境方面都可行,这种情况下,就需要学生借助于常识或某些背景知识来解决问题。我们不仅要熟练掌握所学知识,具有一定的边缘学科知识,还要了解英语语言文化和风俗习惯等,养成跨文化思维意识。

  题型探究

  完形填空题的命题思想是将词汇用法作为重点,以篇章理解为基础,考查学生对语法知识的掌握和对词汇的运用能力。根据这一命题思想,我们可以将题型大致细化为以下几种。

  题型探究

  ► 探究点一 语境词汇型

  词汇是完形填空试题的最大考点,主要凸显实词词义辨析的考查,如名词、形容词、动词、副词等,而且设置的四个选项常常是同一词性。如果说单项填空题中的词汇辨析题是仅仅立足于独立的“语句”的考查,那么完形填空题中的词汇辨析题则是完全依托于丰富的“语篇”的考查。

  从这个角度上讲,完形填空题的设置其实是单项填空试题的拓展和升华,因此其难度也可想而知。解题时要注意在特定的语境中区分各种实词的语义差别。

  1

  When we were in the middle of the lake, a ___1__

  wind came all of a sudden. The boat was hit

  __2__.

  Dad was always at his best in any ___3__,but at this moment he

  __4__.

  “John!

  __5__

  !” he shouted in a trembling voice,with the tiller still in his hands.

  In my memory he could fix any

  __6__.He was the one I always __7__ for strength and security. Before I could respond,a __8__ of water got into the boat. I rushed to the tiller

  __9__

  it was too late. Another huge wall of water __10__

  the boat in a minute. We were thrown into the water,and Dad was struggling aimlessly. At that moment,I felt fiercely

  __11__

  of him.

  I swam to Dad __12__

  and assisted him in climbing onto the hull(船壳) of the boat. Upon sitting on the hull,Dad was a little awkward about his flash of __13__. “It’s all right,Dad. We are safe now,” I comforted him.

  ()1.A.strong

  B.gentle

  C.Cold

  D.Hot

  ()2.A.repeatedly B.lightly

  C.Hardly D.violently

  ()3.

  A.danger

  B.place

  C.sport

  D.Job

  ()4. A.suffered

  B.fell

  C.froze

  D.Withdrew

  ()5. A.Look

  B.Help

  C.Run

  D.Jump

  ()6. A.problem

  B.relationship

  C.machine

  D.boat

  ()7. A. turned to

  B.lived with

  C.argued with D.objected to

  ()8. A. fountain

  B.stream

  C.Shower

  D.Wave

  ()9. A. if

  B.for

  C.After

  D.But

  ()10.A.got through B.poured into

  C. turned over D.lifted up

  ()11.A.ashamed B.protective

  C.Tired

  D.Afraid

  ()12.A.hopelessly B.quickly

  C.Slowly

  D.Helplessly

  ()13.A.pain

  B.anger

  C.Fear

  D.shame

  【要点综述】 本文是记叙文。作者讲述了与父亲一起泛舟湖中游玩、救助落水的父亲的经历,表达了作者的感恩之情。作者与父亲一起驾船去湖中航行,到了湖心时突遇大风,船被巨浪打翻,父亲被吓呆了,颤声呼救。作者平安救起了父亲,并产生了照顾父亲的想法。

  1.A 根据下文船猛然受到撞击,推知突然刮起了大风,A项切合语境。strong wind意为“大风,强风”。

  2.D repeatedly重复地,反复地;lightly轻轻地,轻巧地;hardly几乎不;violently猛烈地,剧烈地。D项与前句语意匹配。

  3.A 由前文“… a ______ wind came all of a sudden”以及“The boat was hit ______”可知,父亲所处的境况非常危险,故选择A项。at one's best 处于最佳状态。

  4.C 根据转折词but和下一段中的“he shouted in a trembling voice”可知C项符合文意。freeze(因害怕等)惊呆,吓呆;suffer受痛苦,受折磨;fall跌倒;withdraw撤退,撤离。

  5.B 父亲不会游泳,而且用颤抖的嗓音呼喊,可见是在呼喊“救命!”

  6.A fix any problem意为“解决任何问题”,A项表示“在作者记忆中的父亲能解决任何问题”,顺接下句文意。

  7.A turn to求助于;live with与……一起居住,学会适应……;argue with与……争辩;object to反对。句意:他是我总能求得力量和安全感的人。

  8.D a fountain of……的源泉;a stream of一连串,接二连三(的事情);a shower of一阵,一连串(辱骂等);a wave of汹涌的,蜂拥而来的。只有D项可与water搭配。

  9.D 根据前后句意可知,为转折关系,故选择D项。

  10.C 由下句“We were thrown into the water …”可知,船体已被巨浪打翻,C项符合文意。get through穿过,通过,完成;pour into涌入,大量流进;turn over打翻,翻转;lift up举起,提起。

  11.B 由“I swam to Dad …”可知,B项可使上下文连贯。句意:此刻我感到要极力保护他。be protective of/toward对……护卫的,保护的;be ashamed of以……为羞耻;be tired of对……厌倦、厌烦;be afraid of害怕……

  12.B 由前句中的fiercely“强烈地,极度地”可知,B项顺承上文文意。hopelessly无望地,绝望地;quickly迅速地;slowly缓慢地;helplessly无能为力地,无助地。

  13.C C项fear与前文中的“froze”和“trembling”含义匹配。

  近年来高考完形填空题中单纯考查语法知识的题很少,只是偶尔出现一两道。对语法结构的考查主要集中在定语从句(连接词、限制与非限制性定语从句的区别、定语从句与其他主从复合句的区别)、状语从句、非谓语动词(动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词)、动词的时态与语态以及一些特殊句型。此类题除了要求考生具有系统、准确的语法知识之外,还要求考生注意上下文的逻辑关系和语篇内容, 这样才能确保答题的准确率。

  ► 探究点二 语法结构型

  2

  I cannot thank you enough for

  ________ you told me one autumn afternoon when I was nine.

  ()A. what

  B.that

  C.Which

  D.Where

  【解析】 A 考查名词性从句。此处what引导一个名词性从句,作从句谓语动词told的直接宾语,构成tell sb. sth. 结构。

  3

  I __1__. Thanking him, I made a time with him to listen to all the songs and choose __2__ that I could sing. I have come full circle with his help.

  ()1.A. had to cry

  B.ought to cry

  C.should have cried D.could have cried

  ()2.A.more

  B.the ones

  C.Few

  D.the rest

  【解析】 1.D 考查情态动词。语境表达“我很受感动,可能我当时早已泪流满面”,故用could have cried表示“当时可能已经哭了”。

  2.B 考查代词用法。从上文可知,我跟他约好,要挑选那些“我”会唱的歌曲,故这里用the ones表示“我会唱的那些歌曲”。

  英语语言中的很多词汇均以短语搭配的形式出现,完形填空题中的词汇也不例外。很多时候,在分析语境、理清空白处含义的基础上,利用对短语搭配的分析可以快速、准确地推断完形填空的未知信息。

  ► 探究点三 习惯搭配型

  4

  She made a ________ and wore diamonds and designer clothes.

  ()A. decision

  B.fortune

  C.Business

  D.Plan

  【解析】 B 考查情景识别和固定短语。联系语境“她做梦挣很多钱”尤其是句子后半部分“她戴珠宝,穿著名设计师设计的品牌服装”可知,此处应用fortune表示“挣钱,发财”。make a fortune意为“挣大钱”,是固定短语。

  完形填空题首先考查的就是考生对文章的理解能力。因此考生在做完形填空题时,应把它作为一个意思连贯、结构完整的语篇,而不是单项填空。做题时要善于利用段首句或首段最大限度地获取信息。完形填空题的首句或前几句话都是完整的,为考生提供足够的信息去挖掘文章的思路,而且,这里往往包含主题句,提供必要的理解文章大意和主要内容的线索。此外,还要注意把握文章发展的基本线索,弄清段落和句子之

  ► 探究点四 语篇逻辑型

  间的逻辑关系。完形填空题的文章具有完整内容且按照一定思路发展,各段各句之间都有逻辑上的必然联系。答题时,考生首先要树立起语篇概念,抓住文章主题思想,理清其结构布局, 明辨句子之间以及段落之间的关系,利用句与句、句群与句群之间的逻辑关系解题。句子之间的逻辑关系主要包括:并列关系(连接词有and等);转折关系(连接词有but, however, though, whereas, nevertheless等);因果关系 (连接词有so, therefore, thus, because, for, since, as等);让步关系(连接

  词有though, although, despite, in spite of等);条件关系(连接词有if, unless, once, provided that, in case of等);解释关系(连接词有that is to say, in other words等);顺序关系(连接词有before, after, and, first, second, then, next, finally等)。

  5

  I met Mrs. Neidl in the ninth grade on a stage­ design team for a play and she was one of the directors. Almost instantly I loved her. She had an unpleasant voice and a direct way of speaking,__1__ she was encouraging and inspiring. For some reason,she was impressed with my work and me.

  Mrs. Neidl would ask me for my __2__.She wanted to know how I thought we should __3__ things. At first I had no idea how to answer because I knew __4__ about stage design!But I slowly began to respond to her __

  5__. It was cause and effect:She believed I had opinions,so I began to __6__ them. She trusted me to complete things,so I completed them perfectly. She loved how __7__ I was,so I began to show up to paint more and more. She believed in me,so I began to believe in myself.

  Mrs.Neidl's__8__ that year was,“Try it. We can always paint over it __9__!” I began to take __10__. I had been so afraid of failing but suddenly there was no failing—only things to be __11__ upon. I learned to dip my brush into the paint and __12__ create something.

  The shy,quiet freshman achieved success that year. I was __13__ in the program as “Student Art Assistant” because of the time and effort I'd put in. It was that year that I __14__ I wanted to spend the rest of my life doing stage design.

  Being on that stage­ design team __15__ Mrs. Neidl changed me completely. Not only was I stronger and more competent than I had thought,but I also __16__ a strong interest and a world I hadn't known existed. She taught me not to __17__ what people think I should do. She taught me to take chances and not be__18__.Mrs.Neidl was my comforter when I was upset. Her __19__ in me has inspired me to do things that I never imagined __20__.

  ()1. A. and

  B. yet

  C. so

  D. for

  ()2. A. opinion

  B. impression

  C. information D. intention

  ()3. A. make

  B. keep

  C. handle

  D. change

  ()4. A. anything

  B. something

  C. everything

  D. nothing

  ()5. A. questions

  B. comments

  C. explanations D. remarks

  ()6. A. hold

  B. follow

  C. evaluate

  D. form

  ()7. A. happy

  B. lively

  C. reliable

  D. punctual

  ()8. A. message

  B. motto

  C. saying

  D. suggestion

  ()9.

  A. again

  B. more

  C. instead

  D. later

  ()10. A. steps

  B. control

  C. charge

  D. risks

  ()11. A. improved B. acted

  C. looked

  D. reflected

  ()12. A. easily

  B. carefully

  C. confidently D. proudly

  ()13. A. introduced B. recognized

  C. identified D. considered

  ()14. A. confirmed B. decided

  C. realized

  D. acknowledged

  ()15. A. with

  B. below

  C. of

  D. by

  ()16. A. developed B. discovered

  C. took

  D. fostered

  ()17. A. accept

  B. care

  C. judge

  D. wonder

  ()18. A. bored

  B. lazy

  C. sad

  D. afraid

  ()19. A. trust

  B. patience

  C. curiosity

  D. interest

  ()20. A. accessible B. enjoyable

  C. possible

  D. favorable

  【解析】 1.B Mrs. Neidl的unpleasant voice及a direct way of speaking与she was encouraging and inspiring形成转折关系,只有yet 符合题意。

  2.A 根据下文She wanted to know how I thought可以推知:Mrs. Neidl常常问“我”的观点/看法(opinion)。

  3.C 根据文章的意思,Mrs. Neidl问“我”该怎样处理(handle=deal with)事情。

  4.D “我”不知如何回答,是因为“我”对舞台设计一窍不通。

  5.A 根据上文:Mrs. Neidl would ask me;I had no idea how to answer可以推断出,“我”逐渐地回答她的问题(questions)。

  6.D 根据上文:She believed I had opinions,因此“我”慢慢地形成(form)了自己的opinion。

  7.C 根据上文:She trusted me to complete things,so I completed them perfectly. 说明了“我”是值得信赖的,可靠的(reliable)。punctual的意思是“准时的,守时的”。

  8.B 根据下文:“Try it. We can always paint over it

  ...!”可知Mrs. Neidl常常用这句话来激励“我”,这句话是她的座右铭/箴言。message信息,口信;saying 谚语,俗语。

  9.D 根据上下文的提示,Mrs.Neidl鼓励“我”大胆地去做,过后他们还会paint,推知答案为later。

  10.D 根据上文:Neidl鼓励“我”大胆地去做及下文:I had been so afraid of failing but suddenly there was no failing—only things to be

  ... upon,可以看出,“我”不再害怕,并开始敢于冒险(take risks)。

  11.A 根据句子意思:“我”突然明白:没有失败,只有需要被改进的方面。improve改进,改善;reflect反射,映照。

  12.C 根据上文,“我”不再害怕,并开始敢于冒险,可以推知,“我”学会了充满自信地进行创造。confidently充满自信地,有自信心地。

  13.B 根据上文:The shy,quiet freshman achieved success that year.由于“我”付出了时间和努力,“我”被公认为Student Art Assistant。 recognize指“识出,辨别出”,而consider则只表示“认为”或“看作”,体现不出“公认为”。

  14.C 由于“我”的成功和周围人们的认可,“我”意识到(realize)“我” 未来生活中的真正目标。confirm确认,证明;acknowledge承认,告知,打招呼。

  15.A 和

  Mrs. Neidl 一起工作,用with。

  16.B 根据下文:a strong interest and a world I hadn't known existed可知“我”发现了以前就有但不曾注意的a strong interest and a world,此处要用discover,意思是:find something existing but not known before。foster培养,养育。

  17.B Mrs. Neidl 教育“我” 不要在乎(care)别人的看法和说法。

  18.D 根据第三段中I had been so afraid of failing可知Mrs. Neidl 教育“我”不要害怕(afraid)。

  19.A 根据第二段句子: She believed in me,推断her trust 激励了“我”。

  20.C 根据全文大意和故事的结局可知Mrs. Neidl 激励“我”去做从未想到成为可能的事情。

点击显示

推荐文章
猜你喜欢
附近的人在看
推荐阅读
拓展阅读
  • 大家都在看
  • 小编推荐
  • 猜你喜欢
  •