2017年高考英语二轮复习精品资料：专题05 介词与介词短语（教学案）（原卷版）

　　介词和介词短语也是高考的一个必考点，每年都保持在一至两个题目，命题形式除了单项填空外还在完形填空、语法填空、短文改错中进行考查，其考点主要涉及常用介词的用法区别，介词与动词、名词、形容词等的常见搭配，介词在特定语境中的选用和介词短语的用法等。掌握介词必须要立足基本用法，广泛记忆，细心体会比较。其考点主要包括：

　　1．考查常用介词和介词短语的基本用法。从历年全国及各省市高考题中可看出，介词类考题常集中于一些常用介词，如at，in，for，from，to，of，on，with，until，about，by，since，as，around等。

　　2．考查常用介词或介词短语含义和用法的辨识能力。尤其是在一定的语言环境中，辨析意义相同或相近以及使用范围不同的介词或介词短语。

　　3．考查介词与某些名词、形容词或动词的各种搭配形式。特别是那些搭配繁多、用法灵活的介词，不同的搭配可用来表示种种不同的意义。

　　一、表示时间的介词

　　1．in，on，at，over

　　(1)in表示在一段时间之内。通常时间较长，如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般(非特指)的早、中、晚等。如：

　　in the 1950s，in 1989，in summer，in January，in one's thirties，in the morning等。

　　(2)on表示具体的某一天及其早、中、晚。如：

　　on May 1st，on Monday，on a cold night in January, on a fine morning等。

　　(3)at表示在一个时间点上。指某一时刻或较短暂的时间，也泛指圣诞节，复活节等。如：

　　at 3：20，at this time of year，at Christmas，at night，at this moment等。

　　(4)over后面接一段时间，表示“超过……”或“在……期间”。如：

　　David Crum, the CEO of Geldart Software, announced that the corporation would open three branches in Bangkok over the next several months.

　　(5)在last，next，this，that，some，every等词之前一律不用介词。如：

　　He went to Japan last year.

　　We meet every day.

　　2．in，after

　　(1)“in＋一段时间”表示将来的一段时间之后。如：

　　My mother will come back in three or four days.

　　(2)“after＋一段时间”表示过去的一段时间之后。如：

　　He arrived after five months.

　　(3)“after＋具体时间”表示将来或过去的某一时刻之后。如：

　　She will appear after five o'clock this afternoon.

　　The rain began to fall after seven.

　　3．from，since，for

　　(1)from后接具体时间，说明从什么时候开始，不说明某动作或情况持续多久。如：

　　I hope to do morning exercises from today.

　　(2)since后接具体过去时间，表示某动作或情况持续至说话时刻，通常与完成时连用。如：

　　We have not seen each other since 2010.

　　(3)for后接一段时间，通常与完成时连用。如：

　　I have been in the army for 5 years.

　　二、表示地点方位的介词

　　1．at，in，on，to

　　(1)at表示在小地方或“在……附近；在……旁边”。如：

　　He arrived at the station at ten.

　　He is sitting at the desk.

　　(2)in表示在大地方或“在……范围之内”。如：

　　He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.

　　Shandong lies in the east of China.

　　(3)on表示毗邻或接壤。如：

　　Russia lies on the north of China.

　　(4)to表示“在……范围外”，不强调是否接壤。如：

　　Japan is to the east of China.

　　2．above，over，on

　　(1)above意为“在……上方”，只表示位置高于某物但不强调是否垂直，与below相对。如：

　　The bird is flying above my head.

　　(2)over意为“在……之上”，表示垂直高于，与under相对。over强调与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触。如：

　　There is a bridge over the river.

　　(3)on意为“在……之上”，表示在某物体上面并与之接触。如：

　　He put his

　　watch on the desk.

　　2．above，over，on

　　(1)above意为“在……上方”，只表示位置高于某物但不强调是否垂直，与below相对。如：

　　The bird is flying above my head.

　　(2)over意为“在……之上”，表示垂直高于，与under相对。over强调与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触。如：

　　There is a bridge over the river.

　　(3)on意为“在……之上”，表示在某物体上面并与之接触。如：

　　He put his

　　watch on the desk.

　　三、表示运动方向的介词

　　1．across，over，through

　　(1)across表示从物体表面穿过，与on有关。如：

　　across the playground/square/desert/river

　　(2)over表示动作是在空中进行的。如：

　　He jumped over the wall.

　　(3)through表示从物体里面穿过，与in有关。也可表示时间，指“(从开始到结束)经历了……”。如：

　　through the pipe/forest/door

　　We work hard all through the year.

　　2．in，into

　　(1)in通常表示静态，意为“在……里面”。如：

　　We walked in the park.

　　我们在公园里走着。

　　(2)into通常表示动态，意为“进入到……里面”。如：

　　We walked into

　　the park.

　　我们走进了公园。

　　四、表示原因的介词

　　1．for表示原因时，常与sorry，famous，punish，praise，thank，blame等词连用。如：

　　I am sorry for what I said to you.

　　2．at表示引起某种情感变化的原因，常与表示看、听或喜、怒、吃惊的词连用，意为“因听到或看到……而……”。如：

　　He was surprised at the news.

　　3．from常接抽象名词表示自然、间接或外在的原因，如受伤、车祸等。如：

　　He died from the wound.

　　4．of多用于表示自身或内在的原因，如病、饿等。如：

　　The old man died of hunger.

　　5．with指生理上或情感上由外界到内心的原因。如：

　　Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.

　　He was shaking with anger.

　　6．by表示外部的，尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因。如：

　　She took your umbrella by mistake.

　　她错拿了你的雨伞。

　　7．over一般用于cry，weep，laugh等带有感情色彩的动词后，表示所发生的事情的原因。如：

　　She wept over the death of her daughter.

　　We laughed over the victory.

　　8．because of表示引起结果的直接原因。如：

　　He retired last month because of his illness.

　　9．thanks to表示引起某种幸运结果的原因，常意为“幸亏……，多亏……”。如：

　　Thanks to John, we won the game.

　　五、表示计量的介词

　　1．at表示“以……速度；以……价格”。如：

　　It flies at about 900 kilometers an hour.

　　I sold my car at a high price.

　　2．for表示“用……交换；以……为代价”。如：

　　He sold his car for 500 dollars.

　　注意：at表示单价，for表示总钱数。

　　3．by表示“以……计”，后跟度量单位。如：

　　They paid him by the month.

　　注意：by后接具体度量单位要加the。

　　六、表示工具或手段的介词

　　1．by意为“用某种方式”，后面的名词不带冠词。如：

　　I went there by bus.

　　2．with表示“用某种工具”，后面的名词需带冠词。如：

　　He broke the window with a stone.

　　3．in表示“用”时，后面的宾语不带冠词，且多为铅笔、墨水、颜色、语言等。如：

　　I hate letters written in pencil.

　　We will never forget this historical lesson written in blood.

　　4．on表示“以……方式”，多用于固定词组。如：

　　They talked on the telephone.

　　She learns English on the radio/on TV.

　　七、表示“在……之间”的介词

　　1．between表示在两者之间。如：

　　You are to sit between your father and me.

　　2．among表示在三者或三者以上之间。如：

　　He is always happy among his classmates.

　　3．有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西，但强调多者中的两两关系时用between。如：

　　Switzerland lies between France, Italy, Austria and Germany.

　　Pay attention to the relationship between the sentences in your composition.

　　八、表示“除了”的介词

　　1．besides表示“除……之外，还有……”。如：

　　We all went to see the film besides you.

　　除你之外我们也都去看电影了。

　　2．except表示“除……外，把……除去”。如：

　　We all went to see the film except you.

　　除你之外我们都去看电影了。

　　3．but与except同义，但多用于不定代词no one/nobody/nothing/everything/all和副词nowhere/anywhere以及疑问代词who之后。如：

　　I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper.

　　4．except for表示“如无……就……，只是……”，多表明理由细节。如：

　　His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes.

　　5．except that表示“除……外，把……除去”，后面接句子。如：

　　I know nothing about him except that he is from

　　Beijing.

　　6．apart from在不同的上下文中，既有besides的含义，又有except和except for的含义，要根据上下文来判别。如：

　　Apart from/Besides English，he has a good command of Russian and French.

　　He has no interests，apart from/except his work.

　　It's a good paper，apart from/except for a few spelling mistakes.

　　九、介词与某些词类的习惯搭配

　　高考主要考查学生对固定短语的掌握程度、对短语意义的了解以及介词在这些固定搭配中的应用。

　　1．名词词组：如on the contrary相反；in turn依次；in one's opinion根据某人的看法；on time准时；out of reach够不着

　　2．动词词组：如remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某事；rob sb. of sth.抢劫某人的……；result from由……引起；call at访问(某地)

　　3．形容词词组：如be curious about对……好奇；be proud of因……而自豪；be popular with受到……的欢迎

　　4．介词短语：如apart from除……之外；in addition to除……之外(还)；because of因为；instead of代替；in fear of为……提心吊胆；for fear of以免；in case of防备，万一；thanks to由于；in the

　　middle of在……中间according to根据；in front of在……前面；in return for作为对……的回报；in charge of负责；as a

　　result of作为……的结果；in exchange for与……交换等。

　　考点一、考查介词辨析

　　例1．(2016·天津，14)I hate it when she calls me at work—I'm always too busy to carry ________ a conversation with her.

　　【变式探究】【2015·重庆】10.Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 ℃____ the average.

　　A. below

　　B. on

　　C. at

　　D. above

　　考点二、考查介词短语辨析

　　例2.2. The dictionary is ______: many words have been added to the language since it was published.

　　A. out of control

　　B. out of date

　　C. out of sight

　　D. out of reach

　　【2015·浙江】17. These comments came

　　specific questions often asked by local newsmen.

　　A. in memory of

　　B. in response to

　　C. in touch with

　　D. in possession of

　　考点三、考查介词或介词短语的用法

　　例3、6.That young man is honest , cooperative , always there when you need his help .______, he's reliable.

　　A. Or else

　　B. In short

　　C. By the way

　　D. For one thing

　　【变式探究】【2015·福建】22._______A common memory they all have

　　their school days is the school uniform.

　　A. of B. on C. to D. with

　　1．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，64)But my connection with pandas goes back ________ my days on a TV show in the mid­1980s，when I was the first...

　　2．(2016·新课标Ⅱ，44)Most of us are more focused ________ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.

　　3．(2016·新课标Ⅲ，70)Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India，for example，most people traditionally eat ________ their hands.

　　4．(2016·四川，67)The mother continued to care for the young panda ________ more than two years.

　　5．(2016·浙江，16)In this article，you need to back up general statements ________ specific examples.

　　6．(2016·天津，8)Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she gave voice ________ her opinion on the subject.

　　1.(2015·江苏，27)The university started some new language programs to cater

　　the country's Silk Road Economic Belt.

　　2.(2015·江苏，29)The whole team count

　　Cristiano Ronaldo, and he seldom lets them down.

　　3.(2015·江苏，34)Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around but

　　Thomas Edison.

　　4.(2015·浙江，3)Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes

　　animals both on land and sea?

　　5.(2015·浙江，10)Most people work because it's unavoidable.

　　contrast, there are some people who actually enjoy work.

　　6.(2015·浙江，11)We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or appeal

　　our emotions than for straight facts.

　　7.(2015·浙江，17)These comments came in response

　　specific questions often asked by local newsmen.

　　8.(2015·湖北，30)This meeting room is a non－smoking area.I would like to warn you

　　advance that if you smoked here you would be fined.

　　9.(2015·重庆，10)Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 ℃

　　the average.

　　10.(2015·陕西，12)The little pupil took his grandma

　　the arm and walked her across the street.

　　11.(2015·安徽，33)They believe that there are transport developments

　　the corner that will bring a lot of changes for the better.

　　12.(2015·福建，22)A common memory they all have

　　their school days is the school uniform.

　　13.(2015·福建，32)Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to live

　　harmony with nature.

　　（2017福建卷）22. Our club is open to everyone ____ age, sex or educational background.

　　A. due to

　　B. except for

　　C. along with

　　D. regardless of

　　（2017江苏卷）24. Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does push-ups too to stay____.

　　A. in place B. in order C. in shape D. in fashion

　　（2017江西卷）25. Starting your own business could be a way to achieving financial independence .___, it could just put you in debt.

　　A.

　　In other words

　　B. All in all

　　C.

　　As a result

　　D. On the other hand

　　（2017江西卷）33. It is unbelievable that Mr. Lucas leads a simple life __his great wealth .

　　A.

　　without

　　B.

　　despite

　　C.

　　in

　　D. to

　　5.（2017陕西卷）14. The Scottish girl ________ blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest.

　　A. by

　　B. of

　　C. in

　　D. with

　　6.（2017天津卷）6. _______ the school, the village has a clinic, which was also built with government support.

　　A. In reply to

　　B. In addition to

　　C. In charge of

　　D. In place of

　　（2017浙江卷 ）10. While staying in the village, James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers

　　without asking for anything ______ .

　　A. in return

　　B. in common

　　C. in turn

　　D. in place

　　（2017浙江卷 ）12. Facing up to your problem ____ running away from them is the best approach to working things out.

　　A. more than

　　B. rather than

　　C. along with

　　D. or rather

　　（2017浙江卷 ）18. There’s no reason to be disappointed. ______, this could be rather amusing.

　　A. Above all

　　B. As a result

　　C. In addition

　　D. As a matter of fact

　　（2017·新课标I卷）34. It was a real race _______ time to get the project done. Luckily, we made it.

　　A. over

　　B. by

　　C. for

　　D. against

　　D

　　（2017·新课标Ⅱ卷)11. A serious study of physics is impossible

　　some knowledge of mathematics.

　　against

　　B. before

　　C. beyond

　　D. without

　　（2017·浙江）14.It will be a big help if you go to the store and get what we need for dinner._____, I’ll set the table.

　　A.As a result

　　B. On the whole

　　C. In the meanwhile

　　D.As a matter of fact

　　（2017·大纲卷）31 A serious study of physics is impossible

　　some knowledge of mathematics.

　　against

　　B. Before

　　C. Beyond

　　D. Without

　　（2017·北京卷)26. I have an appointment

　　Dr. Smith, but I need to change it.

　　A. to B. off C. with D. from

　　（2017·福建卷)29. Mrs. Smith finds it hard to clear up the mess, as her children are always ____ whenever she tries to.

　　A. in the way B. on watch C. in sight D. on the line

　　（2017·湖北卷)30. An artist who was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern island discovered ______ a long lost antique Greek vase.

　　A. at random

　　B. by chance

　　C. in turn

　　D. on occasion

　　（2017·江苏卷)26. I am always delighted when I receive an e-mail from you. ______ the party on July 1st, I shall be pleased to attend.

　　A. On account of

　　B. In response to

　　C. In view of D. With regard to

　　（2017·山东卷)34. The Smiths are praised _______ the way they bring up their children.

　　A. from

　　B. by

　　C. at

　　D. for

　　（2017·辽宁卷)25.

　　everyone here，I wish you a pleasant journey back to your journey.

　　A.By means of

　　B.On behalf of

　　C.In search of

　　D.For fear of

　　（2017·安徽卷)22. Before you pay a visit to a place of interest, look in your local library

　　a book about it.

　　A. on

　　B. at

　　C. for

　　D. to