强化训练15 语法填空(一)
(45分钟，100分)
A
The Pacific Ocean
The Pacific Ocean is the __1__ (large) of the Earth's oceans, covering about 46% of the Earth's water surface and 32% of its total surface area. It extends __2__ the Arctic in the north to the Antarctica in the south, __3__(surround) by Asia and Australia in the west and the Americas in the east.
The Pacific Ocean contains about 25,000 islands. The __4__ (major) of them are found south of the equator. __5__ water near the equator is less salty than that found in the midlatitudes (中纬度) for __6__ (abundance) equatorial precipitation (赤道降水) throughout the year.
The surface circulation of Pacific waters is __7__ (general) clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere.
The exploitation of the Pacific's mineral wealth is various, __8__ is influenced by the ocean's great depths. In shallow waters off the coasts of Australia and New Zealand, natural gas is produced, and pearls __9__ (harvest) along the coasts of Australia, Japan and the Philippines. One more thing worth __10__ (mention) is that the Pacific's greatest wealth is its fish.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______
5．______ 6.______ 7.______ 8.______
9．______ 10.______
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世界上最大的大洋——太平洋。
1．解析：考查形容词最高级。根据句意及空前的“the”可知，此处应该使用形容词的最高级形式。
答案：largest
2．解析：考查介词。此处指它从北半球的北极延伸到南半球的南极地区。from与后面的“to”形成对应。
答案：from
3．解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作伴随状语，且由空格后的“by”可知，此处指的是太平洋被围绕，表被动，故应用过去分词。
答案：surrounded
4．解析：考查名词。由空前的“The”和空后的“of”可知，这里应填一个名词。major本身可以作名词，表示“专业”，显然不符合语境。此处应用majority“大部分”。
答案：majority
5．解析：考查冠词。根据water后面的修饰语“near the equator”可知，此处应用定冠词The表特指。
答案：The
6．解析：考查形容词。根据语境和句子结构可知，空处在句中作定语修饰名词，故应用其形容词形式。
答案：abundant
7．解析：考查副词。此处表示通常，太平洋水域的表面循环在北半球是顺时针方向的，在南半球是逆时针方向的。应用副词修饰整个句子，故用generally。
答案：generally
8．解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The exploitation，且在从句中作主语，故只能用which。
答案：which
9．解析：考查时态和语态。根据句子结构可知，pearls与harvest之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且本文的基本时态为一般现在时，故此处也需用一般现在时，故填are harvested。
答案：are harvested
10．解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作worth的宾语，worth后接动词时应用其ing形式，即用主动形式表被动含义。worth doing sth.“值得做某事”。
答案：mentioning
B
Everyone seems __1__ (have) his or her own holiday. Dad has
Father's Day. Mom has Mother's Day. Children have Children's Day. Lovers have Valentine's Day. But is there a special day __2__ older people?
Of course. The Chongyang Festival is the holiday __3__ Chinese people show love for their elders. __4__ (celebrate) on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, the festival is also known as the Double Ninth Festival. Nine is the __5__ (high) digit (数字), so it __6__ (regard) that the two together mean a long life.
The festival comes during __7__ golden time of autumn. The clear weather and the joy of harvest make for a happy atmosphere. On the day, people __8__ (traditional) climb a mountain and carry dogwood (茱萸). People in ancient times __9__ (believe) that the plant could drive away evil __10__ (spirit) and prevent people against cold in winter.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______
5．______ 6.______ 7.______ 8.______
9．______ 10.______
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文，简单地介绍了中国的传统节日——重阳节。
1．解析：考查非谓语动词。此处指每个人似乎都有自己的节日。seem后接动词不定式作宾语。
答案：to have
2．解析：考查介词。此处表示老人的节日，强调“对象”，故用介词for。
答案：for
3．解析：考查定语从句。重阳节是中国人向年长的人表达关爱的节日。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是表示时间的holiday，且空处在从句中作时间状语，故用when。
答案：when
4．解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，celebrate与其逻辑主语the festival之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。
答案：Celebrated
5．解析：考查形容词最高级。“9”被认为是最大的个位数字。根据空前的“the”可知，此处应用high的最高级形式。
答案：highest
6．解析：考查时态和语态。人们认为两个“9”意味着长寿。根据上下文可知此处用一般现在时，且it与regard之间是被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态。
答案：is regarded
7．解析：考查冠词。此处指秋天的黄金时期，是特指，故用定冠词the。
答案：the
8．解析：考查副词。所填词修饰整个句子，故要用副词形式。traditionally“传统地”。
答案：traditionally
9．解析：考查时态。根据句中的时间状语“in ancient times”可知此处要用一般过去时。
答案：believed
10．解析：考查名词复数。spirit在这里表示“幽灵，鬼魂”，是可数名词，故用复数形式。
答案：spirits
C
There is good and bad news about the number of trees on our planet. The good news is __1__ there are seven times more trees than we __2__ (think). A few years ago, scientists estimated the world had 400 billion trees, but a new study makes a __3__ (calculate) that there are around three trillion trees. That's a three __4__ (follow) by 12 zeroes. But Dr Thomas Crowther told the BBC
that this new number is unable __5__ (change) anything.
What is the bad news? Thousands of years ago, the earth had around six trillion trees. Human activity has cut the number of trees on the planet __6__ half. A good example of this is __7__ fact that Europe used to be one of the giant forests. Dr Crowther said people are __8__ (responsibility) for the loss of three trillion trees. Another 15 billion trees are lost each year because of deforestation (毁林) and farmland. The scientists said this figure is “__9__ (extreme) higher” than a century ago. Dr Crowther added, “This study highlights how much more effort __10__ (need) if we are to restore healthy forests worldwide.”
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______
5．______ 6.______ 7.______ 8.______
9．______ 10.______
【语篇解读】 这是一篇说明文。文中介绍了地球上树木的现有量。
1．解析：考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句成分和句意完整，故用that。
答案：that
2．解析：考查时态。这里说的是“比我们原本以为的……”，故要用一般过去时。
答案：thought
3．解析：考查名词。根据空前的“a”可知此处要用名词形式。
答案：calculation
4．解析：考查非谓语动词。follow与three之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词作定语。
答案：followed
5．解析：考查非谓语动词。be (un) able to do sth.意为“(不)能做某事”，是常用表达。
答案：to change
6．解析：考查介词。in half意为“减半”。
答案：in
7．解析：考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处应该用定冠词the特指fact。
答案：the
8．解析：考查形容词。根据语境可知，此处指人们应该为树木的减少负责。be responsible for“对……负责”是固定搭配，故填responsible。
答案：responsible
9．解析：考查副词。根据句意及句子结构可知，空格处修饰形容词higher，应用副词形式。
答案：extremely
10．解析：考查主谓一致、时态和语态。这项研究表明，如果要在世界范围内恢复健康的森林，那我们需要再做多少努力。主句主语effort与need之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。“how much more effort”的谓语应用单数，故应填is needed。此处也可理解为表示将来要发生的动作，故主句可用一般将来时。
答案：is needed/will be needed
D
We think that life in Chinese high school is an adventure in which we have to survive mountains of homework and exams. Yet would it be __1__ (surprise) if I tell you that high school life in the US is almost as stressful and demanding as it is in China?
In US high school, everything __2__ (record) and graded, including your grades on quizzes, tests and final examinations. Failing __3__ (turn) in your homework on time will directly affect your grade for a certain course. Perhaps contrary to __4__ we used to think of the US high school students, they pay great attention to their __5__(academy) performance to try to get into distinguished university. __6__， they'll be disappointed after graduation from high school.
Like university students, the US high school students have the __7__ (free) to choose the courses that most interest __8__ (they). Even a 9thgrader can sit __9__ the same classroom as 12thgraders. But this also means he or she has to work very hard, because the teacher will not treat him or her differently just because he or she is a few years __10__ (young)．
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______
5．______ 6.______ 7.______ 8.______
9．______ 10.______
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国学生的高中生活。
1．解析：考查分词形容词。此处是现在分词作形容词，意为“令人吃惊的”，符合语境。
答案：surprising
2．解析：考查动词的时态和语态。everything和谓语record之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且表示客观情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态，即is recorded，与graded呼应。
答案：is recorded
3．解析：考查非谓语动词。fail to do sth.意为“不能做某事”，为固定搭配。
答案：to turn
4．解析：考查名词性从句。空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语，表示物的概念，故填what。
答案：what
5．解析：考查形容词。修饰名词应用形容词，故用形容词academic修饰名词performance，作定语。
答案：academic
6．解析：考查副词。根据语境可知，此处表示否则他们高中毕业后就会感到失望，故用副词otherwise，意为“否则”，作状语。
答案：Otherwise
7．解析：考查名词。由定冠词the可知，此处应用名词，即freedom。
答案：freedom
8．解析：考查代词。此处应用宾格形式，作动词interest的宾语，故用them。
答案：them
9．解析：考查介词。in the classroom意为“在教室里”，符合语境，故用介词in。
答案：in
10．解析：考查形容词比较级。根据上文可知，9年级和12年级的学生比较，自然是年轻一些，故用形容词的比较级形式，即younger。
答案：younger
E
Styrofoam is plastic __1__ a bad reputation.
It cannot be recycled without releasing (释放) dangerous pollutants into the air. The U．S. Environmental Protection Agency __2__(say) it is the fifth largest creator of dangerous waste.
Scientists from the U．S. and China have discovered that mealworms can digest plastic. One mealworm can digest a pillsized amount of plastic a day.
Study coauthor WeiMin Wu says that in 24 hours, the plastic __3__(turn) into carbon dioxide.
Are the worms hurt by __4__(eat) plastic? The study found that worms eating Styrofoam were as __5__(health) as worms eating bran(糠)．
Styrofoam is a lightweight material, about 95 percent air, with very good insulation properties(绝缘性), according to Earthsource. org. It is used in products from __6__(cup) that keep your drinks hot or cold to packaging materials __7__ protect items during shipping.
“Solving __8__ problem of plastic pollution is important. Landfill space is becoming limited，” says Wu, a Stanford University environmental engineering instructor.
About 33 million tons of plastic are thrown away in the United States every year. Plastic plates, cups and containers take __9__ 25 percent to 30 percent of space in America's landfills. One Styrofoam cup takes more than 1 million years __10__ (recycle) in a landfill, according to Cleveland State University.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______
5．______ 6.______ 7.______ 8.______
9．______ 10.______
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中美科学家发现大黄粉虫的幼虫能消化塑料垃圾。
1．解析：考查介词。with a bad reputation表示“有坏名声”。
答案：with
2．解析：考查动词时态和主谓一致。文章时态以一般现在时为主，且主语为单数名词，故填says。
答案：says
3．解析：考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。主语the plastic为不可数名词，与turn之间构成动宾关系，且该句为一般现在时，故填is turned。
答案：is turned
4．解析：考查非谓语动词。介词by后接动名词作宾语，故填eating。
答案：eating
5．解析：考查形容词。系动词后用形容词作表语，故填healthy。
答案：healthy
6．解析：考查名词复数。分析句子结构可知，空后that引导的定语从句中的谓语动词为keep，故应用复数名词cups。
答案：cups
7．解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，这里是一个定语从句，从句缺少主语且指代物，故填that或which。
答案：that/which
8．解析：考查冠词。因problem后有of plastic pollution作后置定语，表示特指，故填the。
答案：the
9．解析：考查固定搭配。根据语境可知，此处表示“占据(take up)”，故填up。
答案：up
10．解析：考查非谓语动词。根据“sth./sb. takes some time to do sth.”结构可知，此处应填to recycle。
答案：to recycle
F
What defines a healthy city? Is it a place with a lot of open spaces __1__people can exercise and enjoy the fresh air? A place with little or no pollution? A place in which people can __2__(free) socialize and express their ideas? Perhaps, it's all that plus more. Other considerations are the availability of health and fitness facilities, an excellent healthcare program and sincere efforts by __3__ local government to actively promote health and wellness among its citizens. Of all the cities in the world, one of the top six
__4__ (healthy) cities is Copenhagen, Denmark.
Copenhageners love to walk. Foot traffic accounts
__5__ 80% of all traffic in the Copenhagen city center. Those who prefer it can also bike. It is estimated that more than a third of all work trips in Copenhagen
__6__
(carry) out on a bike. As for the climate here, the city does not have the blessing of pleasant weather all year round.
__7__
everything starts to freeze, it turns several city squares into huge skating fields. The frozen parts of the city also make
__8__
easier for residents to skate around.
The city also has museums and art galleries for the kids and
__9__
(grownup). It has the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts and the Royal Library housed in a rather grand building
__10__
(call) the Black Diamond.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______
5．______ 6.______ 7.______ 8.______
9．______ 10.______
【语篇解读】 本文讲述了世界上最健康的六大城市之一——哥本哈根。
1．解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为open spaces，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。
答案：where
2．解析：考查副词。修饰动词短语“socialize and express their ideas”，应用副词freely。
答案：freely
3．解析：考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处表特指。
答案：the
4．解析：考查形容词的最高级。此处表示“最健康的六大城市之一”，应用形容词最高级。
答案：healthiest
5．解析：考查介词。步行占交通总量的80%。account for“占(一定数量或比例)”，是固定短语。
答案：for
6．解析：考查动词时态和语态。work trips与carry out存在动宾关系，空处应用被动语态；根据文章的整体时态可知，空处应用一般现在时；由“a third of all work trips”可知，空处应填are carried。
答案：are carried
7．解析：考查连词。当开始上冻的时候，一些城市广场就变成了巨大的溜冰场。When/As“当……时候”，引导时间状语从句。
答案：When/As
8．解析：考查it作形式宾语。本处it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是to skate around。
答案：it
9．解析：考查名词的数。本处and连接两个并列的名词kids和grownups。
答案：grownups
10．解析：考查非谓语动词。call与被修饰的名词building之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词作定语。
答案：called