训练16 2阅读理解＋阅读填空＋语法填空(建议用时30分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解A
How can a creature weighing over 5 tons and normally taking 150 kilograms of food and 120 liters of water per day survive in a desert environment?
In the southwest African country of Namibia，and the Sahara lands of Mali further north，the desert elephant does just that．
Although not regarded as a separate species from the African elephant，the desert cousin differs in many ways.Their bodies are smaller，to absorb less heat，and their feet are larger for easier walking across sandy surfaces.They are taller，to reach higher branches.They have shorter tusks (象牙)g for water in riverbeds.
Desert elephants can travel over 70 kilometers in search for feeding grounds and waterholes，and have a larger group of families.They drink only every 34 days，and can store water in a “bag” at the back of their throat，which is only used when badly needed.Desert elephants are
careful feeders－they seldom root up trees and break fewer branches(粪便) of the female leader of
a group when facing food shortage.During drought they are unlikely to give birth to their young
but with good rains the birthrate will increase greatly.Desert elephants have sand baths(尿液) to make them muddy!ur weak planet，it can only be hoped that other animal species
will adapt as extraordinarily well to change as the desert elephant.
1．The underlined part in Paragraph 2 means “
”．ries
B．drinks 120 liters of water a day
C．manages to live in desert areas
D．eats 150 kilograms of food daily
2．Desert elephants are called careful feeders because they
．
A．rarely ruin trees
B．drink only every 34 days
C．search for food in large groups
D．protect food sources for their young
3．The author answers the question raised in the first paragraph with
． conclusion
D．evidence and argument
4．What can be inferred from the last sentence in the passage?
A．Overheating the earth can be stopped.
B．Not all animal species are so adaptable.
C．The planet will become hotter and hotter.
D．Not all animals are as smart as desert elephants.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文属于自然类短文阅读。一个生物怎么能重达5吨通常每天服用150公斤的食物和120公升的水在沙漠中生存？在纳米比亚的西南非洲国家和马里的撒哈拉沙漠更远的北部沙漠象就是这样做的。1．解析：选C。推理判断题。联系上文中的that代指第一段中的“survive in a desert environment”(在沙漠环境中生存)。A项“仍然留存于非洲国家”；B项“每天饮用120公升的水”；C项“试图在沙漠地区生存”；D项“每天吃150千克的食物”。选C。2．解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Desert elephants are careful feeders－they seldom root up trees and break fewer branches可知沙漠像是细心的捕食者——它们很少把树连根拔起折断树枝从而保持了那些稀有的食物来源。故选A。3．解析：选B。推理判断题。第一段提出问题二、A项“故事和解释”；B项“事实和描述”；C项“例子和结论”；D项“证据和说理”。故选B。4．解析：选B。细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知当我们继续为我们的脆弱的星球进行“过热”时它只能希望其他动物物种能像沙漠中的大象一样适应异常的变化。故选B“不是所有的物种都能适应的。”B
Earlier this week，I wrapped up(圆满完成) a 5day trip in San Francisco.I woke up a few hours before sunrise(拍摄)this photo.As I stood there soaking in the early morning lightn important lesson.
When I arrived in San Francisco，I told myself，“Just take photos as you do other things.” My primary goal was to meet with friends and so I figured I could take pictures as we walked around the city.This resulted in exactly zero photos worth sharing.I had vague ideas like，“I'd like to do some street photography，” but I never went out with the intent of photographing something specific.Finally，on the last morning，I went out with the intent of capturing a specific picture and I ended up with something worth sharing.My mistake was that I assumed that because I wanted to take photos，I would end up getting a desirable result.
How often do you do this in your own life? We go to the gym to “work out” without trying to become better at something specific.We wish that we were more creative，but never work on a particular project.When you commit to a task，however，then the next step is obvious.You want to take a picture of the Golden Gate Bridge at sunrise？Next step：find a good spot.You've found a good spot？Next step: wake up early and drive there.if box yourself in，then you'll begin to break out and achieve something greater than you ever imagined.
5．What's the author's original purpose of the trip?
A．To take pictures.
B．To attend lessons.
C．To visit friends.
D．To enjoy sunrise.
6．What lesson did the author learn?
A．A given task leads to achievement.
B．Stick to your own decision.
C．Get ready for challenges.
D．Hard work pays off.
7．What are you advised to do first when you want to get stronger physically?
A．Make a detailed outline.
B．Go to work out immediately.
C．Discuss the ways with coaches.
D．Choose a certain muscle group.
8．What's the function of the last paragraph?
A．To introduce a new topic.
B．To draw a conclusion.
C．To make a suggestion.
D．To ask readers to reflect on something.
【解题导语】 本文为夹叙夹议文。作者去旧金山看日出时突然悟出人生真谛：任务要具体目标要明确才会有结果。【长难句解读】 My mistake was that I assumed that because I wanted to take photos分析：本句是复合句。第一个that引导表语从句表语从句中的that引导宾语从句作assumed的宾语；在这个宾语从句中because引导原因状语从句其对应的主句中现在分词短语getting a desirable result作状语。译文：我犯的错误就是我以为因为我想拍照我就最终会获得让我满意的结果。5．解析：选C。细节理解题。由第二段中的“My primary goal was to meet with friends”可知作者来旧金山的最初目的就是访友。6．解析：选A。推理判断题。由第一段末尾可知作者这次旅行感触颇深再结合倒数第二段中的“something specific”“a particular project”和“When you commit to a task？Next step：find a good spot.You've found a good spot？Next step：wake up early and drive there.”可知作者收获的感悟是任务要具体目标要明确才会有结果。7．解析：选D。推理判断题。由第二段中的“I had vague ideas”再结合第三段的内容尤其是“without trying to become better at something specific”和“When you commit to a task.”可知只有任务具体了方向才能明确四个选项中只有D项是一个具体的任务且是首先应做的。8．解析：选B。推理判断题。由最后一段的内容尤其是“if box yourself in可知最后一段点明了文章的主题对上文内容作出了总结。故选B。阅读填空1.
This article will provide you with ideas as to what to do once a mistake has been made.
Admit that you make a mistake as soon as you discover it.Delaying it longer will only make you feel worse，or may drive you toward making the wrong decision to try and cover it up.
2．
Do not play the “blame game”．Most people are smart enough to realize that this is just a poor attempt to protect yourself.Perhaps you gave a task to another person and it was never completed.But is it really the entire fault of the person you gave the task to or is it partially your fault for not following up? Keep this in mind before placing the blame on someone else.
3．
Maybe you broke your mother's favorite vase，or even forgot a friend's birthday. Just
an apology can sometimes be viewed as a “quick fix”，and apologizing and asking to be forgiven gives the person opportunity to forgive you.
Offer some compensation (补偿) for loss4.
By doing this，it may soften the blow to the person we've disappointed.
Learn from your mistakes.In the case of a job or a task，write a“todo” list with the deadline before leaving the meeting.As for forgetting a birthday，put the birthday on an electronic calendar for next year.
Do better next
time.5.
We should try to understand what happened and try to make sure that it won't happen again.
A．Take responsibility.
B．Never repeat your mistakes.
C．Apologize and ask for forgiveness.
D．Our friends will be disappointed.
E．You'd better meet your friend and say sorry.
F．But not everyone knows how to admit making a mistake.
G．Offer to immediately complete the late task or pay for the vase.
1．解析：选F。根据下面的一句话可知下文要讲述一旦犯了错误该如何做所以有些人对于如何做并不清晰。2．解析：选A。本段讲述了有时候错误的产生不一定是别人的过错在将过错归于别人前要牢记这一点也就是要承担责任。3．解析：选C。本段讲述了犯错后道歉可以得到被原谅的机会所以主题句应选择C。4．解析：选G。本段讲述了补偿问题。5．解析：选B。本段讲述了下一次应该如何做确保错误不会再次发生所以选择B。语法填空(吉祥物) for the allimportant Chinese lunar New Year.1.
(name) “Nian Wa” and “Chun Ni”，2.
mean New Year Boy and Spring Girl，are based on some traditional characters.These characters are from traditional woodblock prints
3.
(wide) seen as symbols of good luck and happiness.
Chun Ni and Nian Wa also symbolize a balance of yin and yang.The patterns on their costume－a bat and two fish respectively－ 4.
(be) signs of long life and prosperity according
5.
Chinese traditions.6.
(well) understand Chinese culture.
“We are announcing official symbols and mascots for the Spring Festival because we hope
7.
(share) traditional Chinese culture with everyone through modern communications means and let
8.
take root in all Chinese people's hearts.We also expect to attract
9.
bigger fan base among young people，and make the festival more popular and accessible for the global audience.”
The dolllike images stood out among more than 2，000 applications.
China Post has released a
10.
(collect) of commemorative (用作纪念的) stamps featuring the two mascots.【解题导语】 中国文化交流组织正式发布了中华春节吉祥物——年娃和春妮它们被赋予了“中国年”的特定含义其设计来源于中国的传统文化。1．解析：named。考查非谓语动词。句意：被命名为“年娃”和“春妮”的两个吉祥物指的是中国的“金童玉女”其设计是基于一些传are based on，因此第1空应用非谓语动词形式；根据句意可知和“Chun Ni”是“被命名”它们与name之间为逻辑上的被动关系故应用过去分词作定语。故填named。2．解析：which。考查定语从句。句意见上一题解析。分析句式结构可知第二个逗号后为非限制性定语从句应用which引导。3．解析：widely。考查词性转换。设空处修饰动词seen应用副词形式故填widely。4．解析：are。考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：他们的衣服上分别装饰着“蝙蝠”和“双鱼”图案其在中国传统民俗中寓意为“福(蝙蝠)庆有余(鱼)”。设空处作句子的谓语主语为The patterns且此处讲述的是客观事实应用一般现在时。故填are。5．解析：to。考查介词。句意见上一题解析。according to为固定短语意为“按照根据”符合句意。故填to。6．解析：better。考查副词比较等级。句意：北京大学中国古典文学教授李汉秋表示这可能是让世界更好地了解中国文化的一种方式。根据句意可知本句隐含比较意义表示“更好地了解”因此应用比较级。well的比较级形式为better。7．解析：to share。考查非谓语动词。句意：我们正式发布春节的官方标志和吉祥物是因为我们希望通过现代通信手段与每一个人分享中国的传统文化让它根植于所有中国人的心里。hope后常接不定式作宾语意为“希望做某事”。故填to share。8．解析：it。考查代词。句意let的宾语指代上文中的traditional Chinese culture。故填代词it。9．解析：a。考查冠词。句意：我们也希望吸引更多的年轻“粉丝”让春节变得更加流行并为全球观众所接受。设空处后为名词词组bigger fan base且表泛指。故应填不定冠词a。10．解析：collection。考查词性转换。句意：中国邮政已发行了一套印有这两个吉祥物的纪念邮票。设空处前有不定冠词a修饰空后为介词of故设空处应用名词形式。故填collection。