四川旺苍县2017高考英语阅读理解选练
【2017高考训练题】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。When we found him, he was a sorry sight. His clothes were torn, his hands bleeding. Before we reached him, we saw him fall. He lay a moment. Then he pulled himself to his feet, walked unsteadily a few yards through the woods and fell again. After we got him out, we went back to find the gun that he had thrown down. His tracks showed that for two days he had circled in the forest, within 200 yards of the road. His senses were so dulled by fear and tiredness that he did not hear the cars going by or see the lights at night. We found him just in time.
This man, like others before him, had simply been frightened when he knew he was lost. What had been a near disaster might have turned out as only a pleasant walk, if he had made a few preparations before he stepped from the highway or off a known path.
Whatever sense of direction that a man may have, it’s still largely a question of observation. A skilled woodsman always keeps an eye on his surroundings. He notes the shape of a mountain, the direction water flows through a swamp, and the way a tree leans across a path. With these in mind, he is still likely to turn around many times, but he is seldom lost.
There are exceptions, of course, and once in a while a man does come across some strange problem that puts him into the “lost” situation. A rainstorm or sudden blizzard may catch him without a compass in his pocket. Darkness may find him in a rough area, where travel is dangerous without a light.
When this happens, the normal first reaction is the fear of being laughed at as a result of his poor knowledge in the woods. He may also be concerned about the inconvenience that he will cause his friends when he doesn’t show up. This false pride may lead him to keep on the move in a false effort to find his way against all difficulties.
The person who thinks ahead is seldom in great danger. He’ll be safe if he observes carefully, thinks ahead, and remains calm.
1. According to the text, if a person get lost in the forest, at the very beginning, ______. （细节）
A. he will worry about being laughed at
B. he will push himself to find his way out
C. he will feel sorry that he didn’t prepare well enough
D. he will fell it is convenient to ask for help from his friends.
2. What is the most important when a person tries to find his way in the woods? （细节）
A. Intelligence
B. Observation
C. Direction
D. Chance
3. The writer tell the story of the lost man as an example of people who ______. （细节）
A. go into the woods by themselves
B. keep their head when they are in trouble
C. are frightened when they think they are lost
D. don’t know how to signal for help properly
4. What is probably the best title for the passage?（主旨）
A. A Man Lost in the Woods
B. Timely Rescue in the Woods
C. Don’t Panic When Lost in the Woods
D. A Pathfinder in the Woods
Never reject an idea, dream or goal because it will be hard work. Success rarely comes without it.
绝不要因为怕辛苦，就拒绝一个想法、梦想或目标，成功几乎都要伴随着辛苦。
【参考答案】1—4、ABCD
说理议论（阅读理解）由 (2011陕西,D)Ever since they were first put on the market in the early 1990s,genetically modified (GM,转基因) foods have been increasingly developed and marketed in many countries in the world,mainly on the basis of their promise to end the worldwide food crisis.But can GM technology solve world hunger problems?Even if it would,is it the best solution?
Despite what it promises,GM technology actually has not increased the production potential (潜力) of any crop.In fact,studies show that the most widely grown GM crop,GM soybeans,has suffered reduced productivity.For instance,a report that analysed nearly two decades of research on major GM food crops shows that GM engineering has failed to significantly increase US crop production.
Something else,however,has been on the rise.While GM seeds are expensive,GM companies tell farmers that they will make good profits by saving money on pesticides (杀虫剂).On the contrary,US government data show that GM crops in the US have produced an overall increase in pesticide use compared to traditional crops.“The promise was that you could use less chemicals and boost production.But neither is true,” said Bill Christison,President of the US National Family Farm Coalition.
At the same time,the authors of the book World Hunger:Twelve Myths argue that there actually is more than enough food in the world and that the hunger crisis is not caused by production,but by problems in food distribution and politics.These indeed deserve our efforts and money.Meanwhile,the rise in food prices results from the increased use of crops for fuel rather than food,according to a 2008 World Bank report.
As a matter of fact,scientists see better ways to feed the world.Another World Bank report concluded that GM crops have little to offer to the challenges of worldwide poverty and hunger,because better ways out are available,among which “green” farming is supposed to be the first choice.
1.The author develops the second paragraph mainly .
A.by classification B.by comparison
C.by example D.by process
2.What does the underlined word “boost” in the third paragraph probably mean?()
A.Control. B.Evaluate.
C.Obtain. D.Increase.
3.GM companies promise farmers that they will benefit from .
A.practising “green” farming
B.use of less chemicals
C.fair distribution of their crops
D.using more crops for fuel
4.Which of the following best describes the attitude of the author towards GM technology?()
A.Optimistic. B.Defensive.
C.Disapproving. D.Casual.
语篇解读:本文为议论文。转基因食品自20世纪90年代早期上市以来获得较快发展,在市场上占的份额也大为增加,但转基因食品真的能解决世界粮食危机吗?即便能解决,这是最好的方法吗?
答案及剖析:1.C 推理判断题。第二段主要说明转基因技术并未增加世界粮食产量,作者列举了一份报告来证明此论点,根据For instance也可得知,作者本段采用的写作手法为“举例说明”。
2.D 猜测词义题。由上文可概括出,转基因公司承诺转基因技术会增加粮食产量,还可使农民节省买杀虫剂的费用,故boost为“增加”之意。根据第二段首句“...increased the production potential (潜力) of any crop.”也可得知答案。
3.B 事实细节题。第三段提到“...GM companies tell farmers that they will make good profits by saving money on pesticides (杀虫剂). ”,由此可知,转基因公司告诉农民,他们可以节省买杀虫剂的费用,以此获得更多利润。故答案为B项。
4.C 推理判断题。作者首先提出问题,然后论证转基因食品无法增加粮食产量,无法减少杀虫剂的使用量,无法解决世界粮食危机。因此,作者对转基因技术的态度是“反对的或不赞成的(disapproving)。”
【长难句子分析】
虽然转基因种子价格高,但转基因公司告诉农民,他们可以节省买杀虫剂的费用,以此来获得更多利润。
while意为“虽然;尽管”,引导让步状语从句,主句中that引导宾语从句,介词by在句中表示方式。
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
【2017界广东省汕头市质量测评试题
Advice to “sleep on it” could be well founded, scientists say. After a good night’s sleep a problem that seemed impossible to solve the night before can often appear easier, although no evidence has proved this by now. But researchers at the University of Luebek in Germany have designed an experiment that shows a good night’s sleep can improve insight(洞察力）and problem-solving. “If you have some newly acquired memories in your brain, sleep acts on these memories, restructures(重构）them, so that after sleep the insight into a problem which you could not solve before increases,” said Dr. Jan Bom, a neuroscientist, at the university. To test the theory, they taught volunteers two simple rules to help them put a string of numbers into a new order. There was also a third, hidden rule, which could help them increase their speed in solving the problem. The researchers divided the volunteers into two groups, half were allowed to sleep after the training while the remainders were forced to stay awake. Bom and his team noticed that the group that had slept after the training were twice as likely to figure out the third rule as the other group. “Sleep helped,” Bom said in a telephone interview. “The important thing is that you have to have a memory representation in your brain of the problem you want to solve and then you sleep, so it can act on the problem.” But Bom admitted that he and his team don’t know how restructuring of memories occurs or what governs it or in which stage of sleep it works. Pierre Marquette and Pierre Ruby of the University of Liege in Belgium said the experimental evidence supports the suggestions that sleep can promote creative thinking. Although the role of sleep in human creativity will still be a mystery, the research gives people good reason to fully respect their periods of sleep, they added.
36.The underlined phrase “sleep on it” in the first line probably means _____.
A. to put something aside to be solved until the next day
B. to get as much sleep as possible
C. to go on sleeping without being disturbed
D. to sleep till you get up the next morning
【答案】【解析】After a good night’s sleep a problem that seemed impossible to solve the night before can often appear easier,”可知选A。
37.Jan Bom and his team carried out the experiment through _____
A. comparison B. interview
C. survey
D. imagination
【答案】【解析】理解The researchers divided the volunteers into two groups, half were allowed to sleep after the training while the remainders were forced to stay awake. Bom and his team noticed that the group that had slept after the training were twice as likely to figure out the third rule as the other group.”可知他们是通过比较来开展的实验。故选A。
38.It can be inferred from the passage that _____.
A. people should sleep so long as they have time
B. sleep is the only way to solve hard problems
C. people have various periods of sleep
D. people know how sleep restructures memories
【答案】【解析】But Bom admitted that he and his team don’t know how restructuring of memories occurs or what governs it or in which stage of sleep it works.”可知人们有不同的睡眠阶段。故选C。
39. What would be the best title for the passage?
A. How Sleep Works B. Sleep Helps Solve Problems
C. No Evidence, But Well Founded D. Bom’s Discovery On Sleep
【答案】【解析】40. Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from?
A. A science fiction. B. A book review.
C. An advertisement. D. A newspaper.
【答案】【解析】A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
【2017界广东省汕头市质量测评试题
Community theatre is a theatre that is run by a local district with the efforts of volunteers. They offer many different kinds of productions, such as musical theatre, dance theatre and children’s theatre. Usually, performers are amateurs who receive no pay, but at other times professionals get involved, and they are paid. Community theatres of today are a little different ftom the old “little theatres”，as most are simply run by colleges and their theatre departments. Community theatres are a great way to get involved with local actors. Now, most theatres put on shows that will entertain or benefit the community.
In the 1880s, “little theatre” was started in Europe so that poor people could see theatrical productions without having to travel far or pay a lot. In 1910，this idea traveled to the United States. In the early years, community theatres were even funded by the government, but when shows became too political, government funding was stopped.
Community theatres of today are a little different from the old “little theatres”，as most simply want to infuse little culture into the lives of the local citizens. In many cases, these theatres are run by colleges and their theatre departments. These productions are often free of charge, or charge very little money to pay for costumes and other incidental expenses. Many also encourage the participation of children and other young people to let them develop theatrical skills, as well as to keep them busy so that they do not choose to get into trouble. Additionally, for those who desire strongly to become professional actors and to one day get a chance to act in a national theatre production, it is an exciting place to learn and develop theatrical skills.
41. Why was “little theatre” started in Europe?
A. To put on shows for children.
B. To collect money for poor people.
C. To entertain poor people.
D. To get people interested in theatrical productions.
【答案】【解析】理解little theatre”’was started in Europe so that poor people could see theatrical productions without having to travel far or pay a lot.”可知，是为了让穷人娱乐。故选C。
42. From the passage we know that community theatres can _____.
A. help young people make more money
B. prevent young people getting into trouble
C. help young people enter the colleges
D. encourage young people to become more responsible
【答案】【解析】理解Many also encourage the participation of children and other young people to let them develop theatrical skills, as well as to keep them busy so that they do not choose to get into trouble.”可知社区剧院可以防止年轻人惹事。故选B。
43. Which of the following is TRUE about community theatre?
A. It is usually funded by the government.
B. It is intended to train professional actors.•
C. It benefits the community in many ways.
D. It is quite different from the old “little theatres”.
【答案】【解析】Many also encourage the participation of children and other young people to let them develop theatrical skills, as well as to keep them busy so that they do not choose to get into trouble.”可知社区剧院在许多方面给社区带来利益。故选C。
44.Which of the followings is closest in meaning to the underlined word “infuse” in Para. 3?
A. get rid of
B. fill with
C. cut down
D. full of
【答案】【解析】45.We can infer from the last paragraph that _____.
A. some professional actors may come from the community theatres
B. community theatres only charge for incidental expenses
C. community theatres have lost their attraction today
D. people can live by acting in the community theatres
【答案】【解析】for those who desire strongly to become professional actors and to one day get a chance to act in a national theatre production, it is an exciting place to learn and develop theatrical skills.” 可知一些专业演员可能出自社区剧院。故选A。