四川旺苍县2017高考英语阅读理解选练
阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
FILTON, just outside Bristol, is where Britain’s fleet of Concorde supersonic（超音速的）airliners was built. There, something remarkable is being created. Little by little a machine is “printing” a complex titanium bracket (钛合金支架), about the size of a shoe, which normally would have to be cut from a solid block of metal. Brackets are only the beginning. The researchers at Filton have a much bigger ambition: to print the entire wing of an airliner.
Unrealistic as this may seem, many other people are using 3D printing technology to create similarly remarkable things. These include medical implants, jewellery, football boots designed for individual feet, lampshades, racing-car parts, solid-state batteries and customized mobile phones. Some are even making mechanical devices (仪器). At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Peter Schmitt, a PhD student, has been printing something that is like the workings of a grandfather clock. It took him a few attempts to get right, but eventually he removed the plastic clock from a 3D printer, hung it on the wall and pulled down the counterweight. It started ticking.
Engineers and designers have been using 3D printers for more than a decade, but mostly to make original types quickly and cheaply before they embark on the expensive business of tooling up a factory to produce the real thing. As 3D printers have become more able to work with a broader range of materials, including production-grade plastics and metals, the machines are increasingly being used to make final products too. More than 20% of the output of 3D printers is now final products rather than original types, according to Terry Wohlers, who runs a research firm specializing in the field. He predicts that this will rise to 50% by 2020.
1. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. Filton is in the centre of Bristol.
B. Peter tried to print a clock, but in vain.
C. a remarkable metal bracket is being created.
D. 3D printing technology is available to all of us.
2. The underlined word “embark” probably means “_________”.
A. workB. landC. dependD. fix
3. We can conclude from the last paragraph that __________.
A. Terry Wohlers’ s firm will make great profits
B. the technology of 3D printers will be widely adopted
C. 3D printers have been in use for at least 100 years
D. engineers and designers prefer printing original products
4. The passage is developed mainly in the form of _______.
A. time and events
B. definition and description
C. contrast and conclusion
D. examples and statements
【参考答案】1—4、 CABD
社会文化（阅读理解）由 (2017浙江,C)Two friends have an argument that breaks up their friendship forever,even though neither one can remember how the whole thing got started.Such sad events happen over and over in high schools across the country.In fact,according to an official report on youth violence,“In our country today,the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment,but the terrible reality of violence”.Given that this is the case,why aren’t students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems,drive cars,or stay physically fit?
First of all,students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable.A report on violence among middle school and high school students indicates that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult (侮辱).For example,a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime.Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults,which in turn can lead to violence.The problem isn’t in the sandwich,but in the way students deal with the conflict.
Once students recognize that conflict is unavoidable,they can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution (解决):stay calm.Once the student feels calmer,he or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well.Rude words,name-calling,and accusations only add fuel to the emotional fire.On the other hand,soft words spoken at a normal sound level can put out the fire before it explodes out of control.
After both sides have calmed down,they can use another key strategy (策略) for conflict resolution:listening.Listening allows the two sides to understand each other.One person should describe his or her side,and the other person should listen without interrupting.Afterward,the listener can ask non-threatening questions to clarify the speaker’s position.Then the two people should change roles.
Finally,students need to consider what they are hearing.This doesn’t mean trying to figure out what’s wrong with the other person.It means understanding what the real issue is and what both sides are trying to accomplish.For example,a shouting match over a peanut butter sandwich might happen because one person thinks the other person is unwilling to try new things.Students need to ask themselves questions such as these:How did this start?What do I really want?What am I afraid of?As the issue becomes clearer,the conflict often simply becomes smaller.Even if it doesn’t,careful thought helps both sides figure out a mutual solution.
There will always be conflict in schools,but that doesn’t mean there needs to be violence.After students in Atlanta started a conflict resolution program,according to Educators for Social Responsibility,“64 percent of the teachers reported less physical violence in the classroom;75 percent of the teachers reported an increase in student cooperation;and 92 percent of the students felt better about themselves”.Learning to resolve conflicts can help students deal with friends,teachers,parents,bosses,and coworkers.In that way,conflict resolution is a basic life skill that should be taught in schools across the country.
1.This article is mainly about .
A.the lives of school children
B.the cause of arguments in schools
C.how to analyze youth violence
D.how to deal with school conflicts
2.From Paragraph 2 we can learn that .
A.violence is more likely to occur at lunchtime
B.a small conflict can lead to violence
C.students tend to lose their temper easily
D.the eating habit of a student is often the cause of a fight
3.Why do students need to ask themselves the questions stated in Paragraph 5?()
A.To find out who is to blame.
B.To get ready to try new things.
C.To make clear what the real issue is.
D.To figure out how to stop the shouting match.
4.After the conflict resolution program was started in Atlanta,it was found that .
A.there was a decrease in classroom violence
B.there was less student cooperation in the classroom
C.more teachers felt better about themselves in schools
D.the teacher-student relationship greatly improved
5.The writer’s purpose for writing this article is to .
A.complain about problems in school education
B.teach students different strategies for school life
C.advocate teaching conflict management in schools
D.inform teachers of the latest studies on school violence
语篇解读:本文为议论文,属于社会生活类。校园暴力似乎无法避免,但是通过教会学生们合理应对问题,却可以在很大程度上降低校园冲突的发生率。
答案及剖析:1.D 主旨大意题。根据第一段的内容以及第一段最后一句“...why aren’t students taught to manage conflict”可知,文章主旨为教会学生如何应对校园冲突。
2.B 推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“...most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult (侮辱).”以及之后的例子可判断出,该段要阐明的观点就是小冲突可能导致暴力事件。
3.C 事实细节题。根据第五段倒数第二句“As the issue becomes clearer,the conflict often simply becomes smaller.”可知,在引发冲突前,弄清楚真正的问题是什么,才可能消除矛盾。
4.A 事实细节题。根据最后一段教师们反馈的数据不难发现答案。
5.C 推理判断题。作者在文章第一段设问引出主旨,中间段论述了学生避免校园冲突的方法,在最后一段举例说明实施的成果,由此可以判断出,作者的写作目的是提倡学校教授学生解决冲突的方法。
【长难句子分析】
why
鉴于这一事实,为什么不像教会他们解数学题、驾车或者保持身体健康那样,教会学生们如何应对冲突呢?
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
【2017界广东省深圳市高三期末考试
Dear Kind-Trustee-Who-Sends-Orphans-to-College,
Here I am! I traveled yesterday for four hours in a train. It’s a funny feeling, isn’t it? I never rode in one before.
College is the biggest, most puzzling place — I get lost whenever I leave my room. I will write you a description later when I’m feeling less confused; also I will tell you about my lessons. Classes don’t begin until Monday morning, and this is Saturday night. But I wanted to write a letter first just to get acquainted.
It seems strange to be writing letters to somebody you don't know. It seems strange for me to be writing letters at all — I've never written more than three or four in my life, so please overlook it if these are not a model kind.
Before leaving yesterday morning, Mrs. Lippett and I had a very serious talk. She told me how to behave all the rest of my life, and especially how to behave towards the kind gentleman who is doing so much for me. I must take care to be very respectful.
But how can one be very respectful to a person who wishes to be called John Smith? Why couldn’t you have picked out a name with a little personality? I might as well write letters to Dear Flagpole or Dear Clothes-line.
I have been thinking about you a great deal this summer; having somebody take an interest in me after all these years makes me feel as though I had found a sort of family. It seems as though I belonged to somebody now, and it’s a very comfortable feeling. I must say, however, that when I think about you, my imagination has very little to work upon. There are just three things that I know: I, You are tall. Ⅱ. You are rich. Ⅲ. You hate girls.
I suppose I might call you Dear Mr. Girl-Hater. Only that's rather rude to me. Or Dear Mr. Rich-Man, but that's rude to you, as though money were the only important thing about you. Besides, being rich is such a very external quality. Maybe you won’t stay rich all your life; lots of very clever men get broke in Wall Street. But at least you will stay tall all your life! So I've decided to call you Dear Daddy-Long-Legs. I hope you won’t mind. It’s just a private pet name we won’t tell Mrs. Lippett.
The ten o’clock bell is going to ring in two minutes. Our day is divided into sections by bells. We eat and sleep and study by bells. It's very lifeful. There it goes! Lights out. Good night.
Observe how precisely I obey rules — due to my training in the John Grier Home.
Yours most respectfully,
Jerusha Abbott
To Mr. Daddy-Long-Legs Smith
本文是一个受赞助上大学的女孩子给自己的赞助者写的一封信。告诉对方自己刚到学校，但对学校还不熟悉。写信人的主旨是想表达自己对赞助人的感谢，但由于根本不知道对方到底是个什么样的人，在信里作者做了几个猜测，最后决定称呼对方Daddy-Long-Legs Smith，以此拉近彼此的距离。并表达了自己对现在有规律的生活感觉很好。
36. Jerusha felt “confused” because __________.
A. she had never written to the trustee before
B. she was not familiar with the college yet
C. she could never find the way to her home
D. she had never traveled on a train before
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。作者在第二段第二句说到等她less confused的时候，就会写一个详细的description，结合上一句的主题，这里的description是指对大学的描述。问中还提到作者一出门就迷路，可见，是因为初到学校，对学校不熟悉，使作者感到confused，因此本题选B。
37. Jerusha thought that she couldn’t be very respectful to “John Smith” because __________.
A. he was a total stranger to her
B. she was sure it was a false identity
C. the name was too common
D. nobody would like to be called that time
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。第五段第二句中的pick out 表明Jerushar认为John Smith这个名字是收信人自己随便挑的，也就是说，她认为这个名字是假的，因此本题应选B。第五段中，关键词是pick out。
38. According to Jerusha, being rich may be __________.
A. tentative
B. unimaginable C. traditional
D. rude
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。A.实验性的，暂停的，踌躇的；B.不可思议的，难以想象的；C.传统的，惯例的；D.粗鲁的，狂暴的。Jerusha讲了即使在华尔街的很多聪明人都会遇到破产（get broke）,所以在她看来，富有不一定会是一辈子的事情，可能会遇到变故而变得不富有，因此本题选A。其它三个选项都不是Jerusha的想法。
39. The fact that her day is “divided into sections by bells” makes Jerusha feel __________.
A. busy B. restricted by rules C. pressed for time D. full of energy
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。倒数第二段中的“It's very lifeful.”表明Jerusha认为听着铃声来安排生活使她觉得“充满活力”，由此可见，本题选D。
40. Jerusha decided to call the trustee Dear Daddy-Long-legs __________.
A. in order to show her respect for him
B. because it was one of his inner quality
C. in order to make them feel closer to each other
D. because she had always wanted a father
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。倒数第三段中的“It’s just a private pet name”表明Jerusha认为Dear Daddy-Long-legs这个名字表示一种“爱”，“爱称”只有关系亲密的人之间使用，由此可见，Jerusha使用这个称呼是为了拉近距离，因此，本题选C。