四川长宁县2017高考英语阅读理解专题练习
阅读理解。
The literal meaning of philosophy is “love of wisdom”. But this meaning does not tell us very much. Unlike the other disciplines（学科）,philosophy cannot e defined by what you study ,because it is actually unlimited. Anything can be the subject matter of philosophy: are, history, law, language, literature, mathematics, and in fact, the other academic disciplines are directly related to philosophy. For this reason you get a Doctorate（博士学位）of Philosophy (Ph. D.) in biochemistry, or computer science, or psychology.
Two broad sub-fields of philosophy are logic and the history of philosophy. Logic is the science of argument and critical thinking. It provides sound methods for distinguishing good from bad reasoning .The history of philosophy involves the study of major philosophers and period in the development of philosophy.
Of what use is philosophy? First it is useful in educational advancement. It is necessary for understanding other disciplines. Only philosophy questions the nature of the concepts used in a discipline, and its relation to other discoveries. And through the study of philosophy, one develops sound methods of research and analysis that can be applied to any field.
There are a number of general uses of philosophy. It strengthens one’s ability to solve problems, to communicate, to organize ideas and issues, to persuade, and to take what is the most important form a large quantity of data. These general uses are of great benefit in the career field, not necessarily obtaining one’s first job after graduation, but for preparing for position of responsibility, management and leadership later on. It is very shortsighted after all, to take a course of studies only for the purpose of getting one’s first job. The useful skills developed through the study of philosophy have significant long-term benefits in career advancement. No other discipline systematically follows the ideals of wisdom, leadership, and capacity to resolve human conflict.
1.According to Paragraph 1. Philosophy can best be described as the study of
.
A.social sciences
B.natural sciences
C.both social and natural sciences
D.the subject matter of politics
2.With the study of philosophy, you can
.
A.become a great leader
B.succeed in everything
C.find a good job soon after graduation
D.make progress in your career development
3.According to the passage, which of the follwing statements is TRUE?
A.Philosophy is an independent discipline.
B.Logic helps you to become a better thinker.
C.The study of philosophy brings you immediate benefits.
D.The meaning of philosophy is too limited to define.
4. From the passage, we can conclude
A.not all the subjects have to do with philosophy
B.a person will get a Ph. D. if he/she studies philosophy
C.philosophy can be helpful for the study of any other subjects
D.philosophy is the only solution to all the problems in the world
【参考答案】C
D
B
C
[2017·石家庄市高三模拟]
Probably no other musical instrument is as popular around the world as the guitar. Musicians use the guitar for almost every kind of music. Country and western music would not be the same without a guitar. The traditional Spanish folk music called Flamenco could not exist without a guitar. The sound of American blues music would not be the same without the sad cry of the guitar. And rock and roll music would almost be impossible without this instrument.
Music experts do not agree about where the guitar first was played. Most agree it is
ancient. Some experts say an instrument very much like a guitar was played in Egypt more than 1,000 years ago.
Some other experts say that the ancestor of the modern guitar was brought to Spain from Persia sometime in the
twelfth century. The guitar continued to develop in Spain. In the 1700s it became similar to the instrument we
know today.
Many famous musicians played the instrument. The famous Italian violinist Niccolo Paganinni played and
wrote music for the guitar in the early 1800s. Franz Schubert used the guitar to write some of his famous works.
In modern times Spanish guitarist Andres Segovia helped make the instrument extremely popular.
In the 1930s, Les Paul began experimenting with ways to make an electric guitar. He invented the solid body
electric guitar in 1946. The Gibson Guitar Company began producing its famous Les Paul Guitar in 1952. It became
a powerful influence in popular music. The instrument has the same shape and the same six strings as the traditional guitar, but it sounds very different. Les Paul produced a series of extremely popular recordings that introduced the public to his music. They included Paul playing as many as six musical parts at the same time. Listen to
this Les Paul recording. It was the fifth most popular song in the United States in 1952. It is called “Meet Mister
Callaghan”．
1. The passage is organized in the pattern of________.
A. time and events
B. comparison and contrast
C. cause and effect
D. definition and classification
2. What can we infer from the first paragraph?
A. Music would not be the same without the guitar.
B. The choice of musical instrument is important for a band.
C. Guitar was the most popular musical instrument in the past.
D. Every musician likes playing music with the guitar.
3. The passage introduces ________.
A. the method of playing the guitar
B. the exact time of the guitar's origin
C. the way that the guitar is made
D. some musicians who play the guitar
4. Where could we find the passage?
A. In a newspaper.
B. On the air.
C. In a magazine.
D. In a history book.
[文章大意] 本文主要介绍了吉他在音乐中的重要性、发展史以及与其相关的音乐家。
1. A。推理判断题。综观全文可知本文主要按时间和事件的顺序来组织文章的。
2. A。推理判断题。由第一段“Country and western music would not be the same without a guitar. The traditional Spanish folk music called Flamenco could not exist without a guitar. The sound of American blues music would not be the same without the sad cry of the guitar. And rock and roll music would almost be impossible without this instrument.”可推断出没有吉他音乐也不一样了，故选A项。
3. D。细节理解题。本文在第三段介绍了一些与吉他有关的音乐家，故选D项。A、C两项在文中没提到，B项文中有提及，但没说具体的时间，故不能选。
4. B。推理判断题。由最后一段倒数第三句“Listen to this Les Paul recording.”可知这篇文章有音乐播放，故很有可能来自广播。
阅读理解 The hottest“green”toy in Germany isn't made of organic or recycled materials.This one has a solar panel and only runs if kids remember to insert bright red “energy stones”that power the space station.Germany，a pioneer in many renewable energy initiatives，is also at the forefront of creating environmentfriendly toys aimed at making kids think about where energy comes from and how much of it they can use，raising awareness through play.A number of hightech green toys are on display at this year's Nuremberg toy fair，which runs through Sunday.
Among them，there are hydroelectricpowered(水电动力的)toy cars，and doll houses with wind turbines and rainwater catchers.The bright green “Future Planet”space station features an inner atrium(中庭)with a fan that is powered by a functioning solar cell.Its aim is to get kids to use their imagination about how energy will be created in the future.
Makers and retailers believe such toys will play an increasingly important role in their future—and that of our kids.“Energy is the question of the future and we are definitely thinking about this as we move ahead，”said Judith Schweinitz，a spokeswoman for Playmobil，maker of the solar panelfitted space station.“It is increasingly being brought into our play concept.”Green toys—which range from those made of sustainable materials to ones like the space station that just raise environmental awareness—make up only a sliver of the $ 84 billion international toy market，but their share is growing，studies indicate.Environmental research firm Earthsense，based in Syracuse，New York，predicts that green toys will account for about $ 1 billion，or 5 percent of U．S.toy sales in the next five years.Parents are smart and they want information about what's in the product.That's what's really driving the market.
【语篇解读】 本文向我们介绍了德国研制的“环保”玩具的最新情况，该研究的目的是提高儿童节能环保的意识。
16．The hottest “green”toy in Germany is ________.
A．made of rubbish
B．made of organic or recycled materials
C．equipped with a solar panel
D．driven by an advanced motor
答案 C [事实细节题。从第一段第二句可知，德国目前最受欢迎的“绿色(环保)”玩具装有太阳能电池板。]
17．The purpose of making the green toys is to ________.
A．raise kids' awareness about energy and environment
B．improve kids' imagination
C．give kids the knowledge of technology
D．improve the safety of toys
答案 A [事实细节题。从第一段第三句可知，生产这些环保玩具的目的是提高孩子节约能源和保护环境的意识。]
18．We can infer from the last paragraph that the green toys ________.
A．can help save little energy
B．are not accepted by parents
C．will sell well in the future
D．have not been produced
答案 C [推理判断题。从最后一段可推知，虽然这种环保玩具目前所占的市场份额较小，但它的前景会很好。]
19．Which of the following BEST describes the opinion of Earthsense about green
toys?
A． Doubtful.
B．Optimistic.
C．Disappointed.
D．Proud.
答案 B [推理判断题。根据最后一段倒数第三句可知，环境研究公司Earthsense认为环保玩具会有很好的市场前景，故他们对环保玩具持乐观的态度。]
【2015高考复习】阅读理解 “The U．S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA)is considering to put stricter limits over tanning salons(晒黑廊)and wants to ban anyone younger than 18 years of age from using a tanning bed，”an advisory panel(专家团)announced last week.
The panel is calling for tighter controls on the industry such as requiring teenagers to get the approval from their parents before using tanning beds or limiting the use of artificial tanning to a certain age.“Given the absence of any demonstrated benefits，I think it is an obligation for us to ban artificial tanning for those under 18，”said panelist Dr.Michael Olding.
Along with a possible ban for teenagers，the panel also recommended that visible warning labels should be placed either on the tanning machines or in the salons in order to caution tanners of the possible dangers.In addition，the committee decided that stricter regulations and classifications were critical to make the machines safer.At this time the machines are categorized as FDA Class 1 devices，the ones that are least likely to cause harm.In case the FDA decided to change their classification from Class 1 to Class 2，as advised by the panel，the FDA could limit the levels of radiation the machines emit.Class 2 devices include Xray machines and powered wheelchairs.
Getting a tan，whether from a tanning bed or the sun，increases the risk of developing skin cancer.Last year，the World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)declared tanning beds as “carcinogenic(致癌的)to humans”．It was discovered that young individuals in their teens and 20s who use tanning beds on a regular basis have a 75 per cent higher risk of suffering from melanoma(黑素瘤)，the deadliest form of skin cancer.According to the American Cancer Society，melanoma accounted for nearly 69,000 cases of skin cancer in 2009 and will account for most (about 8,650)of the 11,590 mortality cases due to skin cancer each year.
【语篇解读】 随着人们审美观的变化， 越来越多的人希望自己拥有健康的古铜色皮肤。于是日光浴和晒黑廊相应而生。晒黑真的能使人拥有健康的皮肤吗？专家告诉我们并非如此。针对这种情况，美国食品药物管理局又会做何行动呢？
20．According to the passage，what measures will U．S.FDA most probably take?
A．Banning tanning salons.
B．Posing heavier tax over tanning salons.
C．Having tighter controls over tanning salons.
D．Limiting the number of tanning salons in every state.
答案 C [事实细节题。由第一段第一句可知，FDA正在考虑对晒黑廊设置更严限制，并禁止18岁以下的青少年使用晒黑床。]
21．Which of the following suggestions for making tanning salons safer is NOT mentioned?
A．Visible caution.
B．Setting age limit.
C．Professional personnel.
D．Parental approval for teenagers.
答案 C [事实细节题。第二段的第一句提到了征得父母同意和年龄限制的规定。第三段第一句提到了visible warning labels。只有专业人士(professional personnel)没有被提出来使晒黑廊成为更为安全的场所。]
22．What does the writer want to express in the last paragraph?
A．Tanning in one's youth may mean death.
B．Tanning in the sun is safer than on the tanning bed.
C．People should get tanned without getting melanoma.
D．Getting tanned is only a good idea for those above thirty years old.
答案 A [推理判断题。作者在最后一段中显示，不管是日光浴还是使用晒黑床，都极易生长黑素瘤——最致命的皮肤癌。所以A项正确。]
23．What will most probably happen，if the advisory panel's suggestions are adopted and put into practice?
A．Fewer people will suffer from skin cancer.
B．Tanning salons will have more customers.
C．Getting a tan in a tanning salon will cost less.
D．Parents will be more anxious about their tanning children.
答案 A [推理判断题。由文章可知，专家团的建议是禁止18岁以下的青少年使用晒黑床，并在机器上或晒黑廊里张贴晒黑可能导致的危害的警告。这些建议一旦被接受并实现，自然使进行日光浴或使用晒黑床的人数会减少，这也相应减少了患皮肤癌的人数。]
[2017·武昌调研]
Thousands of teenagers get their GCSE results today－and the big challenge of finding a job or apprenticeship(学徒身份)
begins. Jonathan Kelsall
knows how he got his results last summer. “I was really pleased with my results and had already decided what I wanted to do after school－horticulture(园艺学)，”
says Jonathan, 17, from Garstang, Lancs.
Physical outdoor work was the career he had in mind after growing up. “I chose horticulture and loved it. Every Wednesday I spent the day on a farm, working and learning，” says Jonathan. To get the certificate, Jonathan had to get work experience and contacted local companies begging for a chance.
“David Nichols, the owner of the Country Gardener, took me on and that convinced me this was what I wanted to do with my career，” says Jonathan. Last year，Jonathan contacted David again to see if there was any work－and David offered to take him on as a horticultural apprentice.
The National Apprenticeship Service has up to 17,000 apprenticeship vacancies available online www. apprenticeships. org. uk. Its executive director David Way says, “GCSE results day can be a really stressful time. The
good news is that with ever more apprenticeships there is an increasing range of highquality options for young people. Apprentices have the opportunity to gain nationally recognised qualifications and paid employment.”
Jonathan says, “I love the work. We do everything from maintenance to landscaping.” Jonathan doesn't even mind the winter. “I'd much rather be outdoors than stuck in an office. That would drive me crazy.” And he has got fitter over the past year. “You need to be fit, especially when working with stone or flagstones. That side has definitely made me stronger. And the good news is that with my qualification certificate I can work anywhere.”
A college assessor visits every three or four weeks to see how things are going and to go through written work or assignments. “They read through my books where I keep notes and answer any questions. It's nothing at all like school. Everything you're taught is relevant to all the things you're doing.”
1、Why did Jonathan choose to be an apprentice?
A. To please his parents with hard work.
B. To make some pocket money after school.
C. To achieve his GCSE result in a different way.
D. To get a chance to work in an office of a company.
2、To gain a certificate of horticulture，Jonathan should ________.
A. look for some gardens and complete some physical work
B. get work experience and finish required assignments
C. make it a forever career and never have it changed
D. love the subject and have it in mind all the time
3、Who is David Nichols according to the passage?
A. Jonathan's professor and employee.
B. Jonathan's school teacher and boss.
C. Jonathan's trainer and best friend.
D. Jonathan's employer and director.
4、What is the advantage of having an apprenticeship?
A. It offers teenagers both qualification and jobs.
B. It offers parents a right to give children a job.
C. It offers apprentice a place to make money.
D. It offers employers free employees.
[文章大意] 在英国有越来越多的孩子选择了当学徒，在此期间他们可以为会考的科目做准备，当然他们也要完成与之匹配的作业。而且他们还会有一定的工资。
C。细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“...get their GCSE results today－and the big challenge of finding a job or apprenticeship...”可知，Jonathan这样做的目的是为了能用另外一种方式获得会考的证书。GCSE是英文General Certificate of Secondary Education的简称，即英国普通中等教育证书。
B。推理判断题。根据第二段第三句中“working and learning”可知这种学习的方式。而本段最后一句中“get work experience”和最后一段第一句话的“through written work or assignments”说明了这一点。
D。推理判断题。根据第三段第一句的took me on可知David Nichols是Jonathan的老板，而本段最后一句话的“take him on as a horticultural apprentice”说明David收其为徒。
A。细节理解题。根据第四段的最后一句话的“...recognised qualifications and paid employment.”可知，当学徒的时候既能学到东西，为自己通过考试做准备，还能获得工资。