宇宙飞船 spacecraft/spaceship 航班 airline野外考察 fieldwork 烟灰缸 ashtray茶壶 teapot
牙刷toothbrush战时wartime
军舰 warship周工作日 weekday 周末 weekend车间 workshop 野生动物 wildlife 沙尘暴 sandstorm 泥石流mudslide 书架 bookshelf 数据库 database 高速公路 freeway/expressway/motorway 地铁underground/subway/metro/tube 鸡尾酒 cocktail庭院courtyard 墓地graveyard 手指甲 fingernail 明信片 postcard 观点viewpoint 飞机aircraft/aeroplane 书虫 bookworm 蚕 silkworm蚯蚓 earthworm
蝴蝶 butterfly蜻蜓 dragonfly 萤火虫firefly花生peanut 板栗 chestnut核桃walnut 椰子 coconut突破 breakthrough(n.) 外卖食物 take-away聚会 get-together 化妆品 make-up机构 set-up 瞭望台 lookout收银台 checkout 体检 check-up中间人 go-between 成年人grown-up儿媳daughter-in-law 温室greenhouse下落 whereabouts
故障breakdown倒计时 countdown 密码password关键词keyword 养育 upbringing爆发 outbreak(break out) 衰败 downfall(fall down)收入 income(come in) 结果 outcome(come out)旁观者 onlooker(look on) 输入input(put in)输出/产量output(put out) 出口 outlet(let out) 典例17 He was unable to come himself,but he sent his daughter,who is also an (experience)doctor,to get my body examined in place of him. 答案 experienced 解析 句意:他自己不能过来了。但是派他女儿来代替他给我检查身体,她 女儿也是一位很有经验的大夫。根据语境可知设空处需要形容词形式来修饰 后面的名词,所以答案为experienced。 可吃的eat—eatable 可依靠的rely—reliable 可行的 work—workable 有价值的value—valuable 合理的reason—reasonable 高兴的enjoy—enjoyable 流行的 fashion—fashionable 典例9 My mom once worked in a very small village school,which is (ac- cess)only on foot. 答案 accessible 解析 句意:我妈妈曾经在一所很小的乡村学校工作过,那儿只能步行才能 够进入。根据语境和设空前的系动词is可知此处需要用形容词形式accessible. (6)-tive结尾的形容词: v.—adj. 多产的produce—productive迷人的attract—attractive 有创造力的create—creative 保护的protect—protective 预防性的prevent—preventative健谈的talk—talkative 可供替代的alter—alternative相关的 relate—relative
有教育意义的instruct—instructive 有竞争力的compete—competitive n.—adj. 有效的effect—effective贵的expense—expensive (7)-tic,-fic结尾的形容词: 系统的system—systematic 科学的 science—scientific 戏剧般的drama—dramatic 浪漫的 romance—romantic 有同情心的 sympathy—sympathetic 精力充沛的energy—energetic (8)-en结尾的形容词: 羊毛的 wool—woolen金色的 gold—golden 木制的 wood—wooden (9)以-some结尾的形容词: 英俊的 hand—handsome 令人惊叹的 awe—awesome 令人烦恼的 trouble—troublesome 烦人的 tire—tiresome (10)-ly结尾的形容词: 致命的dead—deadly活跃的 live—lively 友好的 friend—friendly 兄弟般的brother—brotherly 有次序的 order—orderly昂贵的 cost—costly 每月的month—monthly每天的day—daily 典例10 You had better set aside some time every day for sports so that you can keep yourself (energy). 答案 energetic 解析 句意:你最好每天都留出点时间来进行体育活动,这为的是你能保持 精力充沛。根据语境和分析结构可知设空处应该是作宾语,应该用形容词形 式energetic来说明宾语的状态。 3.变动词 (1)-fy结尾的动词: 净化pure—purify 简化simple—simplify 美化 beautiful—beautify使合理化 just—justify 使恐惧terrible—terrify使震惊horrible—horrify 合格化quality—qualify分类class—classify 认出 identity—identify (2)-ize结尾的动词: adj.—v. 认识到 real—realize 使现代化modern—modernize 使工业化industrial—industrialize 使普及 popular—popularize集权central—centralize 使全球化 global—globalize使理想化 ideal—idealize 使稳定 stable—stabilize 使正常化normal—normalize 社会化social—socialize 使专门化special—specialize n.—v. 使物质化material—materialize 总结summary—summarize 记忆memory—memorize 典例11 Regardless of how you think of yourself,your social habits can easily become the thing that (identity)you. 答案 identify 解析 句意:不管你认为自己如何,你在社交方面的习惯很容易成为给你定 位的东西。分析句子结构可知that引导的定语从句修饰先行词the thing,设空 处是从句的谓语动词,所以答案为identify。 (3)-en结尾的动词: 变暗dark—darken加快quick—quicken 削尖 sharp—sharpen削弱 weak—weaken 松开 loose—loosen变紧 tight—tighten 软化 soft—soften使更明亮bright—brighten 恶化 bad—worsen减少little—lessen 减轻/变亮light—lighten变黑black—blacken 加宽broad—broaden缩短 short—shorten adj.—n.—v. 加深 deep—depth—deepen 加长long—length—lengthen 加宽wide—width—widen 加高high—height—heighten 加强 strong—strength—strengthen (4)-e结尾的动词(注意发音变化): n.—v. 洗澡bath—bathe呼吸breath—breathe 给……穿衣cloth—clothe 典例12 Our bodies are (strong)by taking regular exercise.Similarly,our minds are developed through learning. 答案 strengthened 解析 句意:我们的身体靠经常锻炼来得到增强,同样,我们的大脑要通过学 习来得到开发。根据语境可知此处需要用被动语态,所以设空处应该是动词 形式strengthened。 (二)前缀法 1.超过over-: 无意中听到overhear超过overtake 睡过头oversleep推翻overthrow/overturn 人口过剩overpopulation克服overcome 忽略/俯视overlook 2.重新re-: 康复/找回recover脱(衣服等)/移开remove 续借/更换/续签renew回收利用recycle 替代replace使恢复精力 refresh 改革 reform复习review 典例13 Legend has it that the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is to (call)the soul of Qu Yuan. 答案 recall 解析 句意:传说端午节的起源是为了召回屈原的灵魂。根据语境可知此处 表示“召回,使想起”,故填recall。 3.前的fore-: 预告 foretell前额 forehead 预报forecast预知 foresee 4.前的pre-: 前提precondition预告 predict 战前的 pre-war幼儿园preschool 预演preview 5.前的ex-: 前妻ex-wife前总统 ex-president 6.后的post-: 战后的 post-war研究生 postgraduate 7.多的multi-: 多媒体的multimedia多元文化的multicultural 多项选择的 multiple-choice 8.远的tele-: 电话telephone电视television 电报telegram电信telecommunications 望远镜telescope 9.相互的inter-: 面试interview国际的international 互联网Internet相互作用 interact 10.微小的micro-: 麦克风microphone微波microwave 微软microsoft显微镜microscope 11.自动的auto-: 汽车automobile自传autobiography 亲笔签名autograph自动地automatically 12.副的vice-: 副总统 vice-president副总理 vice-premier 13.生态的 eco-: 生态学 ecology生态系统 ecosystem 生态友好的 eco-friendly 典例14 It is generally admitted that a knowledge of English is a must in the (nation)trade for today's China. 答案 international 解析 句意:人们公认掌握英语是今日中国国际贸易的必须。根据语境可知 此处需要用形容词来修饰后面的名词trade。 14.中国的Sino-: 中日的Sino-Japanese中石化 Sinopec 15.潜/次一级 sub-: 潜意识(的)subconscious亚热带的 subtropical 地铁subway潜水艇submarine 郊区的suburban副标题subtitle 16.半semi-: 半熟练的 semi-skilled半决赛semi-final 17.三tri-: 三轮车tricycle三角形 triangle 18.横跨trans-: 转移 transfer转变transform 传播transmit移植 transplant (三)否定的前缀或后缀 1.in-,im-/il-,ir- 不活跃的inactive不贵的 inexpensive 缺乏经验的 inexperienced随便的 informal 不完整的incomplete不方便的inconvenient 独立的independent间接的indirect 不重要的 insignificant 无能力的 incapable/incompetent 不合适的improper/inappropriate 不精确的inaccurate/incorrect/inexact 不充足的inadequate/insufficient 不成熟的immature不耐烦的impatient 不完美的imperfect不可能的impossible 不礼貌的impolite不合逻辑的illogical 不合法的illegal不规则的irregular 不负责的 irresponsible 2.un- 不寻常的unusual不安的uneasy 不公平的unfair/unjust 不知道的unaware/unconscious 不确定的uncertain不受欢迎的unpopular 不普通的uncommon不愉快的unpleasant 不重要的unimportant不必要的unnecessary 不成功的unsuccessful没被注意的unnoticed 不整洁的untidy不合理的unreasonable 未完成的 unfinished/undone 脱衣 undress打开unfold 卸车unload开……的锁 unlock 解冻unfreeze出土/挖掘 unearth 拧开unscrew解开undo/unpack 揭露uncover 典例15 It's (legal)for a public official to ask people for gifts or money in exchange for favors to them. 答案 illegal 解析 句意:对政府官员来说向人们索要礼物或金钱来交换对他们的帮助是 违法的。根据语境可知此处需要用形容词形式,在括号中所给单词的前面加 前缀,即illegal。 3.dis- 消失disappear不鼓励discourage 揭露 disclose发现discover 不同意 disagree不同意 disapprove 不服从disobey不诚实的dishonest 不满意的dissatisfied可耻的 disgraceful 弱点disadvantage 紊乱disorder 4.mis- 误导(v.)mislead误导的(adj.)misleading 误解(v.)misunderstand滥用 misuse 误解(n.)misunderstanding拼错 misspell 不信任 mistrust 5.anti- 防空的anti-aircraft防冻剂antifreeze 抗日战争 Anti-Japanese War反社会的antisocial 6.de- 降级 degrade减少decrease 贬值 devalue解冻 defrost 毁林 deforestation 7.ill- 虐待ill-treat信息不足的ill-informed 不礼貌的 ill-mannered不合时宜的ill-timed 不合适的ill-fitting没教养的 ill-bred 考虑欠周的ill-considered时运不济的ill-fated 非法得到的ill-gotten不健康 ill health 8.non- 非营利的non-profit直达的non-stop 不吸烟者non-smoker防滑的non-slip 废话nonsense非暴力non-violence 不可再生资源 non-renewable resources 9.-free 无忧无虑的carefree无利息的 interest-free 免税的duty-free 10.-proof 防水的 waterproof防震的 shockproof 典例16 How was it that the farmers (cover)the entrance to the secret cave in the valley? 答案 discovered 解析 句意:这些农民们到底是怎么发现山谷中这个秘密山洞的入口的呢? 根据语境可知此处应该用及物动词“发现”,所以答案为discover。 二、转化 (一)动词与名词的转换: 如:1.倒退(v.)He backed his car into the garage. 支持(v.)You are not alone,and we are all backing you. 背后(n.)She's the kind of person who talks about you behind your back. 2.领导(v.)He headed the rebellion. 使……对着某处行进(v.)He headed his boat for the shore. 头(n.)He was shot in the head,dead. 3.缺乏(v.)I lack words with which to express my thanks. 缺乏(n.)Lack of proper funding is making our job more difficult. 如:1.越过(v.)The dog succeeded in clearing the fence. 清理(v.)He cleared the table by taking plates,forks and knives away. 清楚的(adj.)To make yourself clear without using facial expressions can be very difficult. 2.打扫(v.)Your shoes need cleaning. 干净的(adj.)Try to keep your room clean and tidy. 3.意味着(v.)What do you mean by saying that? 吝啬的(adj.)He has always been mean with his money. (三)形容词与名词的转换: 身体好的/井 well好的/罚款 fine 公平的/展览会 fair主要的/首领 chief (二)动词与形容词的转换: 耐心的/病人 patient安全的/保险箱 safe 坚定的/公司 firm稳定的/马厩stable 相对的/亲戚relative平淡的/平原plain 满意的/内容content具体的/混凝土concrete 三、合成 1.合成形容词 (1)adj.+present participle 漂亮的good-looking闻着芳香的sweet-smelling 随和的easy-going 长相一般的ordinary-looking (2)adv.+present participle 永久的ever-lasting职位高的high-ranking 畅销货best-selling goods=bestseller (3)adv.+past participle 著名的well-known新婚的 newly-married 本地制造的locally-produced坚信的firmly-believed 密切相关的closely-related 广泛接受的 widely-accepted 穿着随意的informally-dressed容易形成的easily-formed 牢固的 strongly-built 高度发达的highly-developed 人口稠密的 densely-populated 正式发行的officially-released 正式承认的officially-recognized (4)n.+present participle 省时的time-saving耗能的energy-consuming 爱好和平的peace-loving制片的film-making 伤心的heart-breaking令人惊叹的breathtaking
说英语的English-speaking 解决问题的problem-solving 令人垂涎的 mouth-watering 赢利的profit-making (5)n.+past participle 国营的state-owned由衷的 heartfelt 人造的 man-made覆盖雪的snow-covered 粗糙的 weather-beaten国产的home-made 一贫如洗的 poverty-stricken 好奇心驱使的curiosity-driven 个体经营的self-employed 政府支持的 government-backed (6)n.+adj. 环保的environment-friendly=environmentally-friendly 节能的energy-efficient 有成本效益的cost-effective (7)adj.+n.+-ed 心不在焉的absent-minded心地善良的kind-hearted 目光短浅的short-sighted近视的near-sighted 左撇子的left-handed头发花白的white-haired 长尾巴的long-tailed和蔼可亲的good-natured 脾气坏的bad-tempered思想开明的open-minded 狭隘的narrow-minded头脑简单的simple-minded 有空调的air-conditioned (8)n.+-ed 详细的detail—detailed 有经验的experience—experienced 有天赋的gift—gifted/talent—talented 有技能的skill—skilled 2.合成名词 缺点drawback框架framework 人类 mankind发源地birthplace 壁炉 fireplace木柴 firewood 标志性建筑landmark 手电筒flashlight 车前灯headlight床上用品 bedclothes 白昼 daylight白天daytime 晚间 night-time 总部/总公司 headquarters 拂晓 sunrise傍晚 sunset 阳光 sunshine城市商业区 downtown 小山坡 hillside合作teamwork 瀑布 waterfall降雨量 rainfall
视力eyesight薄饼pancake 仓库warehouse软件software 硬件 hardware 草地grassland 农田farmland大陆mainland 祖国homeland家乡 hometown 笔记本 notebook台式电脑 desktop 手提电脑 laptop立场 standpoint 邮递员 postman/mailman电子邮箱 mailbox 行李箱 suitcase公文包 briefcase 键盘 keyboard滑板 skateboard 滑雪板snowboard 冲浪板 surfboard 摩托车 motorcycle 彩虹 rainbow海岸线 coastline 截止日期 deadline准则 guideline 标题 headline雷暴 thunderstorm
航空公司airport飞机场 airfield 航空母舰aircraft carrier暴风雪 snowstorm 一、派生词 (一)后缀法 1.变名词 (1)-ence,-ance结尾的名词: 存在exist—existence 发生occur—occurrence 查阅/参考refer—reference
更喜欢/偏好prefer—preference 考点清单 不同differ—difference接受accept—acceptance 出现/外表appear—appearance 履行perform—performance 抵制resist—resistance指导guide—guidance 进入enter—entrance保险insure—insurance 帮助assist—assistance
忍受 endure—endurance/tolerate—tolerance
典例1 You'd better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future (refer). 答案 reference 解析 句意:为了以后参考,你最好记下那个饭馆的电话号码。reference参 考。 (2)-tion,-sion结尾的名词: 生产produce—production介绍introduce—introduction
消费consume—consumption 减少reduce—reduction
认为/假设assume—assumption/suppose—supposition
毁灭 destroy—destruction描写describe—description 打断 interrupt—interruption 采纳/收养 adopt—adoption 防止 prevent—prevention 接收/接待处receive—reception 解决 solve—solution进化evolve—evolution
建议 suggest—suggestion编辑/版本 edit—edition 展览 exhibit—exhibition 打算/意图 intend—intention 认出recognize—recognition 解释/定义 define—definition
保护 protect—protection方向/指导direct—direction 指令 instruct—instruction建设construct—construction 注射 inject—injection感染 infect—infection 驳斥 reject—rejection 反对 object—objection/oppose—opposition 连接connect—connection收集 collect—collection 纠正 correct—correction 视察 inspect—inspection 挑选select—selection选举 elect—election 限制 restrict—restriction 抵触/矛盾contradict—contradiction
保留 reserve—reservation保存 preserve—preservation 保护conserve—conservation观察observe—observation 挨饿starve—starvation组织organize—organization 文明 civilize—civilization认识 realize—realization 考试examine—examination 决定determine—determination 形成form—formation 通知 inform—information
想象 imagine—imagination 运输transport—transportation
邀请invite—invitation 期待expect—expectation 诱惑 tempt—temptation 改编/适应 adapt—adaptation 移民 immigrate—immigration模仿 imitate—imitation 准备prepare—preparation探索explore—exploration 考虑consider—consideration宣布 declare—declaration 装饰 decorate—decoration 激发/灵感 inspire—inspiration 放松/休闲 relax—relaxation 交流communicate—communication 占用/职业 occupy—occupation 满足satisfy—satisfaction 申请/应用 apply—application 暗示 imply—implication
推荐 recommend—recommendation 口译/理解 interpret—interpretation 结合 combine—combination 操作/手术 operate—operation
犹豫hesitate—hesitation教育educate—education
定位 locate—location指出 indicate—indication 参加 participate—participation 计算 calculate—calculation 欣赏/感激appreciate—appreciation 联想/协会 associate—association
分离 separate—separation冬眠 hibernate—hibernation 赔偿 compensate—compensation
调查 investigate—investigation 庆祝 celebrate—celebration 祝贺 congratulate—congratulation 翻译 translate—translation 积累 accumulate—accumulation 加速 accelerate—acceleration捐赠 donate—donation 解放liberate—liberation动力motivate—motivation 革新innovate—innovation 集中concentrate—concentration 游行/示威 demonstrate—demonstration
贡献contribute—contribution 分发 distribute—distribution 促进 promote—promotion
致力 devote—devotion/dedicate—dedication 沮丧 frustrate—frustration/depress—depression 印象impress—impression表达express—expression 拥有/财产possess—possession 讨论discuss—discussion 扩大 expand—expansion 延伸extend—extension 承认 admit—admission允许 permit—permission 排放 emit—emission爆炸explode—explosion 结论conclude—conclusion决定 decide—decision 划分divide—division迷惑confuse—confusion 典例2 (2017安徽,29)—Why not buy a second-hand car first if you don't have enough money for a new one? —That's a good (suggest). 答案 suggestion 解析 句意:——如果你没有足够的钱买辆新车的话,为什么不先买辆二手 车呢?——那个建议不错。根据句子结构可推知设空处需用名词形式,设空处 前有不定冠词,故设空处填suggestion。 (3)-ment结尾的名词: 广告 advertise—advertisement 同意 agree—agreement 惊奇amaze—amazement 吃惊 astonish—astonishment 通告announce—announcement 安排 arrange—arrangement 评估assess—assessment 发展 develop—development 失望disappoint—disappointment 雇用/就业employ—employment 鼓舞 encourage—encouragement 款待/娱乐entertain—entertainment 装备 equip—equipment 统治/政府govern—government 改进improve—improvement 投资 invest—investment 卷入 involve—involvement 管理 manage—management 惩罚 punish—punishment要求 require—requirement 退休 retire—retirement 定居/定居处settle—settlement 阐述/陈述 state—statement 对待/治疗treat—treatment 以……为基础/地下室base—basement 人行道 pave—pavement 完成/成就achieve—achievement/accomplish—accomplishment (4)-ness结尾的名词: adj.—n. 意识aware—awareness/conscious—consciousness 苦bitter—bitterness盲目blind—blindness 冷静 calm—calmness聪明 clever—cleverness 疯狂crazy—craziness渴望 eager—eagerness 公平fair—fairness 愚蠢 foolish—foolishness 适合 fit—fitness幸福/愉快happy—happiness 疾病ill—illness友好 kind—kindness 懒惰 lazy—laziness孤独lonely—loneliness 宁静 quiet—quietness悲伤 sad—sadness 严重性 serious—seriousness甜美sweet—sweetness 稳定 steady—steadiness厚度thick—thickness 累 tired—tiredness弱点 weak—weakness 冷/冷淡 cold—coldness 惶恐不安nervous—nervousness 思乡 homesick—homesickness
粗心 careless—carelessness自私selfish—selfishness
无私selfless—selflessness/unselfish—unselfishness
无助/无望helpless—helplessness/hopeless—hopelessness
典例3 A proposal has been put forward at a recent video conference that mea- sures be taken to raise the citizens' (aware)of traffic safety. 答案 awareness 解析 句意:在最近的一次电视会议上提出了一项新的建议,必须采取措施 来提高人们对交通安全的意识。根据语境和设空处前的名词所有格可知此处 需要名词形式awareness. (5)-age结尾的名词: 婚姻marry—marriage短缺short—shortage 储存store—storage包裹pack—package 车厢carry—carriage通道pass—passage (6)-th结尾的名词: 温暖warm—warmth真理true—truth 死亡dead—death成长grow—growth (7)-ure结尾的名词: 快乐please—pleasure离开depart—departure 暴露expose—exposure压力press—pressure 失败fail—failure混合mix—mixture 签名sign—signature (8)-ce结尾的名词: adj.—n. 缺席 absent—absence 出席present—presence 信心 confident—confidence 方便 convenient—convenience 不同different—difference 勤奋 diligent—diligence 远的/距离distant—distance 明显的/证据evident—evidence 优秀excellent—excellence重要important—importance 独立 independent—independence 天真/无辜innocent—innocence 智力 intelligent—intelligence 公正 just—justice 耐心patient—patience浪漫 romantic—romance 沉默silent—silence暴力violent—violence
v.—n. 冒犯 offend—offence
防御 defend—defense(AmE)—defence(BrE) 建议 advise—advice设施 devise—device (9)-dom结尾的名词: 自由free—freedom王国king—kingdom 智慧wise—wisdom (10)-hood结尾的名词: 孩童时代childhood男孩时代boyhood 邻里neighborhood (11)-ship结尾的名词: 所有权ownership锦标赛championship 友谊friendship手艺craftsmanship 奖学金scholarship领导才能leadership 艰难hardship关系relationship 典例4 I'm not sure how much (school)you will receive,but it will rough- ly cover your major expenses. 答案 scholarship 解析 句意:我不确定你能获得多少奖学金,但是大体上够你的主要开支。 根据语境和设空前的how much可知此处需要一个不可数名词scholarship。 (12)-ing结尾的名词: 农业farming变暖warming 园艺gardening学业schooling 绘画painting意思meaning 绘画drawing训练training 录音tape-recording衣物clothing 感觉feeling十字路口crossing 工资earnings问候greetings 储蓄savings所发生的事情happenings 发现findings财产belongings 痛苦sufferings贡品offerings 环境surroundings保龄球bowling 举重weight-lifting射击shooting 摔跤wrestling 典例5 The Internet allows us quick access to all the data and research (find)in the fields available worldwide. 答案 findings 解析 句意:因特网使得我们能够快速利用全世界范围内某些领域所有的资 料数据和研究发现。根据语境和设空前的名词修饰词research可知此处需要 用名词形式,且应该是名词的复数形式findings。 2.变形容词 (1)-y结尾的形容词: n.—adj. 阳光灿烂的sun—sunny 多雨的rain—rainy 被雪覆盖的snow—snowy有风的wind—windy 有暴风雨的storm—stormy寒冷的chill—chilly
多雾的fog—foggy有霜的frost—frosty
冰冷的ice—icy阴沉的gloom—gloomy 布满星星的star—starry泥泞的mud—muddy 布满灰尘的dust—dusty脏的dirt—dirty 健康的health—healthy富有的wealth—wealthy
霸道的boss—bossy臭的smell—smelly 美味的taste—tasty咸的salt—salty 皮包骨的skin—skinny贪婪的greed—greedy 迅速的speed—speedy 狡猾的/棘手的trick—tricky v.—adj. 爱挑剔的choose—choosy/pick—picky 黏的stick—sticky 悦耳易记的 catch—catchy 害怕的 scare—scary滑溜的slip—slippery 典例6 The point is that you should be happy with what you already have and not risk losing it by being (greed)and trying to get more. 答案 greedy 解析 句意:重点是你应该对已经拥有的感到满意,而不是冒着失去它的风 险贪婪地想要得到更多。本题考查形容词。根据句意可知要用形容词形式。 greedy贪婪的。 (2)-al,-ial结尾的形容词: n.→adj. 全球的globe—global文化的 culture—cultural 农业的 agriculture—agricultural 情景的situation—situational 有条件的 condition—conditional 环境的environment—environmental 化学的chemistry—chemical 医学的medicine—medical 原始的origin—original政治的politics—political 实际的practice—practical 理论的 theory—theoretical 音乐的 music—musical 感情的 emotion—emotional 国家的nation—national自然的nature—natural 个人的person—personal 偶尓的occasion—occasional 精神上的mind—mental 身体上的physics—physical 偶然的accident—accidental 教育的education—educational 技术上的technique—technical 心理上的 psychology—psychological 沿海的 coast—coastal 种族的race—racial面部的 face—facial 工业的industry—industrial金融的finance—financial 商业的commerce—commercial官方的office—official 有益的 benefit—beneficial典型的type—typical 有影响的 influence—influential (3)-ful,-less结尾的形容词: 感激的thank—thankful=grateful 充足的plenty—plentiful 美丽的 beauty—beautiful 成功的success—successful可怕的awe—awful 忠实的faith—faithful和平的 peace—peaceful 高兴的 joy—joyful/cheer—cheerful=enjoyable 非常干净的spot—spotless 无休止的end—endless 无家可归的 home—homeless 无工作的 job—jobless=unemployed 身无分文的penny—penniless 无私的 self—selfless=unselfish 无目标的 aim—aimless 无线的 wire—wireless无限的 limit—limitless 珍贵的/无价的price—priceless=invaluable 毫无价值的 value—valueless/worth—worthless 无语的 speech—speechless 上气不接下气的breath—breathless 小心的,粗心的 care—careful,careless 多彩的,无色的color—colorful,colorless 有用的,无用的use—useful,useless 成果丰硕的,无成效的fruit—fruitful,fruitless 强大的,无能力的power—powerful,powerless 有意义的,无意义的meaning—meaningful,meaningless=pointless=senseless 痛苦的,不痛的pain—painful,painless 后悔的,无悔的regret—regretful,regretless 有害的,无害的harm—harmful,harmless 闲适宁静的,躁动不安的rest—restful,restless 优雅的,粗鲁的grace—graceful,graceless 抱有希望的,无望的hope—hopeful,hopeless 有帮助的/愿意帮忙的,无助的 help—helpful,helpless 考虑周到的/不周到的 thought—thoughtful,thoughtless 典例7 The real secret to (success)learning lies in students taking an in- terest in what they are doing. 答案 successful 解析 句意:成功学习的真正秘诀就在于学生们对自己学习的东西感兴趣。 根据语境可知此处需要形容词形式来修饰后面的名词learning,所以答案为 successful。 (4)-(i)ous结尾的形容词: n.—adj. 许多的number—numerous 多山的mountain—mountainous 冒险的adventure—adventurous 紧张的 nerve—nervous 有毒的 poison—poisonous 危险的danger—dangerous 灾难的disaster—disastrous小心的caution—cautious 营养的 nutrition—nutritious宗教的 religion—religious 宽敞的 space—spacious 有抱负的 ambition—ambitious 神秘的 mystery—mysterious 典例8 They are still very (caution)about what side effect the new medicine will bring about,although the experts have tried it on about 2000 pa- tients. 答案 cautious 解析 句意:尽管专家已经在大约2千个病人身上实验过了,但他们仍然对这 种新药会带来什么样的副作用很谨慎。根据语境和设空前的be very可知此处 需要用形容词形式cautious. (5)-able,-(s)ible 结尾的形容词: (不)可预见的 predict—(un)predictable (不)可避免的 avoid—(un)avoidable (不)可忘的forget—(un)forgettable (不)想要的desire—(un)desirable (不)舒服的comfort—(un)comfortable 有(不)利的favor—(un)favorable (不)合适的suit—(un)suitable (不)可忍受的bear—(un)bearable (不)可忍受的endure—(un)endurable (不)可信的believe—(un)believable (不)可信的credit—(in)credible (不)可接近的 access—(in)accessible 看(不)见的view—(in)visible (不)可治愈的cure—(in)curable 支付得起的afford—affordable 适应力强的adapt—adaptable 可更新的renew—renewable 便携的port—portable 多变的change—changeable