【金版教程】2017高考英语二轮复习训练：3-1-1 词性转换b（含解析）

　　建议用时：45分钟

　　Ⅰ.语法填空

　　A．单句语法填空

　　用括号内单词的正确形式填空。

　　1．[2015·广东梅州一模]He decided he had no ________ (choose) but to drop out, telling his ________ (puzzle) parents he wasn't cut out for college.

　　答案：choice；puzzled　第一空，及物动词had及形容词no后需填名词，故答案是choice。第二空，形容词作定语修饰后面的名词parents，故填puzzled。

　　2．[2015·河南洛阳统考]________ (obvious), a good habit can help us to speed up to reach our destination.答案：Obviously　此处考查副词作状语，故填obviously。

　　3．[2015·江西新余期末]Cursing (咒骂) my ________ (fortune), I was wondering where I was going to spend the night.

　　答案：misfortune　my后应填名词，但根据语境“cursing (咒骂)”可知此处为不幸，故填misfortune。

　　4．[2015·辽宁丹东五校期末]The old people there were talkative and they told us their personal stories ________ (cheer)．

　　答案：cheerfully　此处修饰动词told，故用副词cheerfully。注意转换规则。

　　5．[2015·广东广州调研]The ________ (success) fisherman invited the officer to accompany him and observe.

　　答案：successful　空前为冠词，空后为名词。因此空格处为形容词作定语修饰fisherman，故答案是successful。

　　6．[2015·山西太原一模]Everyone has several free hours every day and is ______ (complete) free on weekends, too.

　　答案：completely　此处考查副词修饰形容词，故填completely。

　　7．[2015·江西赣州模拟]Computer game ____________ (design) often create interesting video games to tempt players to keep playing.

　　答案：designers　根据空格在句子主语的位置可知，填名词。另外，根据语义此处为“设计者”的意思，为designer，谓语动词为复数，故填designers。

　　8．[2015·黑龙江大庆质检]I know our parties would trouble you, but I meant to send you an ________ (invite)．

　　答案：invitation　根据不定冠词可知此处填名词，故填invitation。

　　9．[2015·东北师大摸底三]It was a little far from her car and it was a ________ (fog) day yesterday in Missouri.

　　答案：foggy　根据空格位置可知此处为形容词作定语修饰day，故填foggy。

　　10．[2015·河北保定期末]They are always gathering in their winter food in the middle of summer and they are making ________ (prepare) for the long cold winter.

　　答案：preparations　考查固定短语及prepare变名词。“make preparations for”为……作准备。

　　B．语篇语法填空

　　阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

　　[2015·河北衡水三调]A boy trembled in the cold winter, ___1___ (wrap) his arms around himself on a bus stop bench. He ___2___ (wear) warm clothes and the temperature was －10 ℃. A heartbreaking scene! But the good deeds of the ordinary people who witnessed ___3___ 11­year­old Johannes were both joyous ___4___ inspiring. A woman, sitting next to the boy, discovered he was ___5___ a school trip and was told to meet his teacher at the bus stop. She ___6___ (self) covered her own coat around his shoulders. Later, ___7___ woman at first gave him her scarf, and then wrapped him in her large jacket. Throughout the day, more and more people offered Johannes their gloves and even the coats off their backs. ___8___ (actual), it was a hidden camera experiment by Norwegian charity SOS Children's Village as part of their winter campaign to collect ___9___ (donate) to help Syrian children get through the winter. Synne Ronning, the information head of the organization, also noted that the child was a volunteer who was never in any ___10___ (dangerous) during the filming.

　　1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________

　　5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________

　　9．________　10.________

　　本文描述的是一个令人心碎，但又充满爱的场景，目的是为唤醒人们去帮助叙利亚的孩子们度过寒冬。

　　1．wrapping　考查非谓语动词的用法。根据空格在句中的位置，可知应填非谓语，其逻辑主语是“A boy”，两者为主动关系，故填wrapping。

　　2．wasn't wearing　考查动词时态用法。根据句子结构，可知此处填谓语，结合语境可知应表示否定意义且表状态。

　　3．the　考查冠词用法。根据语境此处指上文提到的男孩，故填the。

　　4．and　考查连词用法。joyous与inspiring为并列关系，故填and。

　　5．on　考查介词用法。“on a．..trip”表示“去……的路上”。

　　6．selflessly　考查词性转换。分析句子结构，该空修饰动词，故应用副词，结合语义可知答案是selflessly。

　　7．another　考查代词用法。上文中提到过“a woman”，该空又提到“另一位女士”，可知填“another”。

　　8．Actually　考查词性转换。该空位于句首且对整句进行修饰，故用副词。

　　9．donations　考查词性转换。募捐应为“collect donations”。空格在动词后，故用名词。

　　10．danger　考查词性转换。any为形容词，修饰名词，故应填名词danger。

　　Ⅱ.完形填空

　　[2015·江西南昌一模]Reading and learning new words is about finding their meaning and use within a passage. The meaning of unknown words which you ___1___ in your reading sometimes can be known by their ___2___， that is, their contexts. The context of the sentence can tell us the part of speech (词性) of the ___3___ word. Using the context of the paragraph to define unknown words can also be ___4___.

　　Readers often have trouble because they understand the sentence word by word instead the ___5___ meaning of a word, when they should identify the way it has been used in the passage.

　　One consideration in using the context is to determine the unknown word's part of speech. The words around the unknown word can give you ___6___. Once you know if the word is a noun or an adjective, it is often enough for you to ___7___ reading without having to stop to look up the meaning of the word. After coming across the word a few more times, you will know its meaning more ___8___ than if you had just looked it up.

　　Comparison clues indicate that two or more things are ___9___. A comparison is possible because the known and unknown words have ___10___. The likeness shows you that comparisons can be made.

　　___11___clues tell you an example of an unknown word. Example clues are usually ___12___ by the following words and phrases: such as, for example, and like.

　　To find meaning from text­based clues, you should look for clues in the sentence. A second kind of clue does not ___13___ on specific words to indicate meaning. This kind of context clue is called a framework­based clue. Your knowledge of the meaning of surrounding words ___14___ you discover the meaning of a word or sentence. Common ___15___ and your knowledge of the parts of speech also help in defining unknown words. For example, the angry driver shouted vehemently during his fight with the other driver. What does “vehemently” ___16___？ You know what ___17___ means, and you know how people ___18___ when they argue. From this, you can ___19___ out that “vehemently” has something to do with strong ___20___ or intense feeling.

　　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几种在阅读过程中学习生词的方法和技巧。

　　1．A.take downB．look up

　　C．come across D．pick out

　　答案：C　有时候你在阅读中所遇到的生词的意思可以通过语境知道其含义。take down “记下”；look up “查阅”；come across “遇见”； pick out “找出”。下文中的“After coming across the word a few more times”也是提示，故C项正确。

　　2．A.sentences B．words

　　C．topics D．surroundings

　　答案：D　根据“that is”可知，此空与contexts是同义词，与下文中的“The words around the unknown word”和“Your knowledge ofthe meaning of surrounding words”呼应，故D项正确。

　　3．A.unknown B．abnormal

　　C．familiar D．negative

　　答案：A　句子的语境可以告诉我们生词的词性。与上文中的“unknown words”呼应可知，此处是指生词，即A项正确。abnormal“不正常的”；familiar“熟悉的”；negative“负面的”。

　　4．A.unique B．natural

　　C．helpful D．common

　　答案：C　利用段落的语境来确定生词也是有帮助的。与下文中的“Common __15__ and your knowledge of the parts of speechalso help defining unknown words.”呼应，即C项正确。

　　5．A.correct B．inconvenient

　　C．different D．satisfactory

　　答案：A　读者经常遇到麻烦，因为他们逐字理解句子而不是(理解)一个词的正确意思。根据空格前的“Readers often havetrouble”可推知，读者没有理解一个词的正确意思，即A项正确。

　　6．A.cases B．reasons

　　C．effects D．clues

　　答案：D　生词周围的词可以给你(提供)线索。与下文中的“Comparison clues”呼应，即D项正确。

　　7．A.translate B．interview

　　C．continue D．examine

　　答案：C　一旦你知道了这个词是名词还是形容词，那么你就可以不必停下来去查这个词的意思而继续读下去。根据空格后的“without having to stop”可知，此处应用continue“继续”，故C项正确。

　　8．A.strangely B．uncertainly

　　C．potentially D．firmly

　　答案：D　strangely“奇怪地”；uncertainly“犹豫地”；potentially“潜在地”；firmly“坚定地”。根据空格前的“After coming across the word a few more times”可知，在生词出现的频率较高的情况下，根据语境，读者就可以更加确定其具体的含义，即D项正确。

　　9．A.alike B．meaningful

　　C．proper D．great

　　答案：A　比较性线索表明两个或多个事物是相似的。根据下文中的“The likeness”可知，此处表示事物的相似性，即A项正确。

　　10．A.properties B．similarities

　　C．possibilities D．personalities

　　答案：B　之所以可能作比较是因为认识的词和不认识的词之间有相似性。根据下文中的“The likeness”可知，similarity“相似性”，符合语境。

　　11．A.Popularity B．Consideration

　　C．Example D．Comparison

　　答案：C　例子线索会通过举例来提示读者。与空格后的“anexample”和“Example clues”呼应，故C项正确。

　　12．A.affected B．adjusted

　　C．changed D．introduced

　　答案：D　例子线索通常通过以下词或短语来提出。affect “影响”；adjust“调整”；change“改变”；introduce“提出”。故D项正确。

　　13．A.focus B．spend

　　C．carry D．rely

　　答案：D　另一种线索并不是靠具体的词来表明(生词的)意思的。与上文“text­based clues”形成对比，这种线索不是依赖上下文而得出词义的，故D项正确。rely on“依赖”，符合语境。

　　14．A.prevents B．helps

　　C．tells D．displays

　　答案：B　你对附近的词的意思的理解有助于你了解一个词或一个句子的意思。故B项正确。

　　15．A.point B．taste

　　C．awareness D．sense

　　答案：D　常识和对词性的了解也有助于(读者)给生词下定义。固定搭配：common sense “常识”，符合语境，故D项正确。

　　16．A.mean B．use

　　C．contain D．complete

　　答案：A　“vehemently”是什么意思呢？与下文中的“You know what ___17___ means”形成呼应，A项正确。

　　17．A.angry B．grateful

　　C．happy D．anxious

　　答案：A　你知道angry是什么意思，而且你(也)知道人们在争辩时的感受。与上文中的“the angry driver”呼应，故A项正确。

　　18．A.act B．say

　　C．feel D．think

　　答案：C　根据上文中的“the angry driver”和空格所在句中的“how people ___18___ when they argue”可推知，C项正确。

　　19．A.come B．figure

　　C．take D．set

　　答案：B　由此你可以弄清楚“vehemently”与强烈的情感或紧张的情绪有关。come out“出现，出版”；figure out“弄明白”；take out“切除”；set out“出发”。

　　20．A.demand B．ambition

　　C．attitude D．emotion

　　答案：D　demand“要求”；ambition“野心”；attitude“态度”；emotion“情感”。与语境“or intense feeling”呼应可知，此处表示情感，故D项正确。

　　Ⅲ.阅读理解

　　A

　　[2015·山东潍坊市一模]For decades， the San Francisco Bay area has been the heart of the computer technology industry. Many of the biggest technology companies have their headquarters in the area called Silicon Valley. But the area has not always been associated with charity (慈善)．

　　Now, a new generation of entrepreneurs (企业家) appears to be changing Silicon Valley. One example is Marc Benioff, a donor (捐赠者), who has called on wealthy donors to give more to their communities. He also is the founder of Salesforce.com, a computer service company in San Francisco which has helped build a children's hospital and given millions of dollars to non­profit organizations in the city.

　　Money from the technology industry has also started to change the face of charity. Benjamin Soskis writes about the history and ideas behind charity in America. His articles have appeared in The Atlantic magazine and a number of major publications. He says, traditionally， donors gave after they spent much of their lives building up wealth. Usually donors are in their 70s. But an increasing number of people appearing on the list of top donors are younger than 40 years of age. Benjamin Soskis says that is something new. “There's a whole new model that's appearing in which people give and accumulate at the same time.”

　　Some of the young donors on this year's top 50 list have started to change in the way people see charity. That is especially the case in the San Francisco area, where giving money and making money appear to be coming together. “I think it's fair to say that charity is now a part of the Silicon Valley identity.”

　　本文主要介绍了美国硅谷的慈善新形象。

　　1．What is true of Marc Benioff?

　　A．He joined a non­profit organization.

　　B．He advised donors to build hospitals.

　　C．He made San Francisco a city of charity.

　　D．He set up the company of Salesforce.com.

　　答案：D　考查细节理解。根据第二段的第三句“He also is the founder of Salesforce.com, a computer service company in San Francisco which has helped build a children's hospital and given millions of dollars to non­profit organizations in the city”可知，Marc Benioff成立了Salesforce.com公司，即D项正确。

　　2．What is special about the donors of Silicon Valley?

　　A．They prefer to give rather than make money.

　　B．They give after accumulating a lot of wealth.

　　C．They are much younger than the usual donors.

　　D．They donate more money to their communities.

　　答案：C　考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Usually donors are in their

　　70s. But an increasing number of people appearing on the list of top donors are younger than 40 years of age. Benjamin Soskis says that is something new.”可知，硅谷捐献者比普通的捐献者要年轻许多，即C项正确。

　　3．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

　　A．The Age of Charity

　　B．The Changing Face of Charity

　　C．In Search of New Faces

　　D．From Computer Base to Charity Centre

　　答案：B　考查标题概括。第三段的第一句“Money from the technology industry has also started to change the face of charity”点题，结合全文的整体内容可推知，本文主要讲述的是硅谷慈善事业的新形象，即B项正确。

　　1．decade n. 十年；十年期

　　2．generation n. 一代，产生

　　3．wealthy adj. 富有的；丰裕的

　　4．traditionally adv. 传统地

　　5．accumulate vt. 累积；积累

　　1．be associated with 与……有关；与……有联系

　　2．call on 号召；访问；请求

　　3．at the same time 与此同时

　　原文：Some of the young donors on this year's top 50 list have started to change in the way people see charity. (定语从句)

　　译文：在年度前50名名单中的一些年轻捐助者，在看待慈善事业的方式方面已经开始有了改变。

　　仿写：It is not what he said but the way he_answered _the_question that disappointed his parents.

　　不是他说的话而是他回答问题的方式让他父母很失望。

　　B

　　[2015·河南洛阳统考二]It is 7 a．m. and the alarm is going off. You know you have to be out of bed to catch the bus. But the urge to bury yourself in the bed is ever so strong. Sounds familiar? Why is it that teens find it difficult to get themselves out of bed in time every morning or stay sharp and focused during the first couple of hours of school？

　　During adolescence， the body goes through many changes and these include a shift in sleep patterns. Researchers from MIT have been tracking the body's need for sleep in teenagers. They found that though adolescents need as much as 9.5 hours of sleep a day, they get to bed later and later with each passing year. In fact, the sleep cycle shifts later by as much as 12 to 18 minutes each year between the ages of 10 and 20! So by the time a 10­year­old who sleeps at 8 p．m. grows to be 17 or 18, his body naturally wants to stay up till 10：30 p．m. or 11 p．m.

　　According to researchers, this is because of a hormone called melatonin (褪黑激素) that is secreted (分泌) by the pineal gland—a tiny structure deep inside the brain. Melatonin regulates the body's natural day­night rhythms. It causes a person to become sleepy by lowering his body's core temperature. In teens, melatonin is secreted much later in the evening and continues to increase throughout the night. This makes it difficult for teens to fall asleep earlier as they did in their younger years. Likewise, the effect of melatonin continues until much later in the morning, making it hard for them to wake up early.

　　A study found that at least one in four teens is tired and falls asleep in school at least once a week. During sleep, important body functions and brain activities happen. So how can teenagers get their sleep enough? The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends that middle and high schools should start later—not before 8：30 a．m.. This should give teens some more time to sleep at night.

　　本文是一篇说明文。早睡才能早起，晚睡会导致早上赖床，睡觉周期的改变实际上受制于大脑中一种被称为褪黑激素的荷尔蒙。

　　4．From Paragraph 2, we can learn that if you sleep late, the next day you should ________.

　　A．stay sharp B．skip breakfast

　　C．get up late D．stay up late

　　答案：C　考查细节理解。文章第一段提到为什么孩子们早上不愿起床，第二段紧接着分析原因，说明孩子们睡觉晚是他们早上赖床的原因，即C项正确。

　　5．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 3 refer to?

　　A．The students want to stay up.

　　B．The shifts of the sleep cycle.

　　C．The pineal gland secretes melatonin.

　　D．The adolescents sleep late.

　　答案：B　考查代词指代。第二段提到了睡觉周期的改变，第三段紧接着解释造成这一现象的原因，因此this指睡觉周期的改变，即B项正确。

　　6．The teens go to sleep later than before because ________.

　　A．melatonin is secreted much later

　　B．melatonin regulates the sleep time

　　C．they sleep a lot in the daytime

　　D．they need to finish their homework

　　答案：A　考查细节理解。根据文章第三段中的“In teens, melatonin is secreted much later in the evening and continues to increase throughout the night”可知，孩子们睡觉晚是由褪黑激素分泌晚造成的，即A项正确。

　　7．According to AAP's recommendation, middle and high schools should ________.

　　A．let teens sleep in the day

　　B．let the students be active

　　C．delay the start time

　　D．start later at 8 a．m.

　　答案：C　考查细节理解。根据文章最后一段的倒数第二句话可知，AAP建议初中和高中上午上课的时间应该推迟，即C项正确。

　　1．urge v. 力劝；催促

　　2．adolescence n. 青春期

　　3．throughout prep. 整个的，在……期间

　　4．function n．/vi. 功能；起……作用

　　5．recommend vt. 推荐，介绍

　　1．go through 经历；仔细检查

　　2．stay up 熬夜；挺住

　　3．fall asleep 入睡；睡着

　　原文：Why is it that teens find it difficult to get themselves out of bed in time every morning or stay sharp and focused during the first couple of hours of school? (强调句型)

　　译文：为什么青少年发现每天早上起床或在学校的前几个小时里保持思维敏捷注意力集中很难？

　　仿写：Wasn't_it the icy road rather than the drivers that was to blame for the series of traffic accidents?

　　难道不是冰滑的路面而是司机们为这一系列的交通事故负责吗？