河南孟津县2017高考英语一轮阅读理解能力练习8
（2016高考训练）阅读下列材料，从每题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。A black hole is a place in space where gravity pulls so much that even light cannot get out. The gravity is so strong because matter has been squeezed into a tiny space. This can happen when a star is dying.
Because no light can get out, people can't see black holes. Space telescopes with special tools can help find black holes. The special tools can see how stars that are very close to black holes act differently from other ones.
Black holes can be big or small. Scientists think the smallest black holes are as small as just one atom. These black holes are very tiny but have the mass of a large mountain. Mass is the amount of matter, or “staff”， in an object.
Another kind of black hole is called “stellar”(星球黑洞). Its mass can be up to 20 times more than the mass of the sun. There may be many stellar mass black holes in Earth's galaxy. Earth's galaxy is called the Milky Way.
The largest black holes are called “supermassive”(超大质量黑洞). These black holes have masses that are more than one million suns together. Scientists have found proof that every large galaxy contains a supermassive black hole at its center. The supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way galaxy has a mass equal to about four million suns and would fit inside a very large ball that could hold a few million Earths.
Scientists think the smallest black holes formed when the universe began. Stellar black holes are made when the center of a very big star falls in upon itself, or falls apart. When this happens, it exploded part of the star into space. Scientists think supermassive black holes were made at the same time as the galaxy they are in.
A black hole can not be seen because strong gravity pulls all of the light into the middle of the black hole. But scientists can see how the strong gravity affects the stars and gas around the black hole. Scientists can study stars to find out if they are flying around, or orbiting a black hole.
When a black hole and a star are close together, high－energy light is made. This kind of light cannot be seen with human eyes. Scientists use satellites and telescopes in space to see the high－energy light.
【语篇解读】 本文主要讲述太空黑洞的形成原因和科学家们如何了解黑洞现象的。
1．The gravity of a black hole may become so strong that light cannot get out when________．
A．the star is going to die
B．special tools are used on it
C．other stars come close to it
D．it is seen from the space telescopes
答案 A [推理判断题，根据文章的第一段，特别是关键句This can happen when a star is dying可知黑洞是因为星星的陨落造成的。故选A。]
2．According to the passage，which of the following is NOT true?
A．A black hole can be very tiny but extremely heavy.
B．The gravity of a black hole holds all light in its center.
C．Scientists observe high－energy light through their own eyes.
D．Some small black holes came into being as early as the universe.
答案 C [推理判断题，根据文章的最后一段When a black hole and a star are close together, high－energy light is made. This kind of light cannot be seen with human eyes. Scientists use satellites and telescopes in space to see the high－energy light可知科学家们观察高能量的星星是通过望远镜和卫星观察的，不是用肉眼观察的，故选C。]
3．Which can be inferred from the passage?
A．Every galaxy must have a black hole.
B．A galaxy is the center of the universe.
C．A galaxy consists of a large group of stars and planets.
D．Earth's galaxy is called the Milky Way.
答案 C [推理判断题。根据第五段的Scientists have found proof that every large galaxy contains a supermassive black hole at its center可知选C。]
4．What does the last sentence in Paragraph 5 suggest?
A．Neither the sun nor the earth is as heavy as a black hole.
B．There is only one supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way.
C．The supermassive black hole had existed before the Milky Way was formed.
D．There is a reason why the large black holes are called “supermassive”．
答案 D [推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段和第三段推断。故选D。]
5．The last two paragraphs mainly focus on the question of________．
A．what a black hole is
B．how black holes form
C．how big black holes are
D．how scientists know about black holes
答案 D [主旨大意题。文章的最后两段都在说明科学家们是怎么样了解黑洞现象的，故选D。]
【2017高考英语马鞍山市质量检测】
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
My wife Julie and I were out on the road that runs around where we live, when we saw an old worn-out dog stumbling (蹒跚) painfully up the road. We stopped, bent down, talked gently to the dog and patted it. I checked and there was a collar with a phone number. I called but no one answered.
The dog was painfully thin. So Julie ran home to get some of our dog’s food while I tried to encourage the dog. After Julie came back, we sat down on the sidewalk while our new friend made short work of the food. Eventually we got her home.
After trying for many times we got a response from the number. A lady came around with a bunch of flowers for us. She explained that Tara had been her father’s dog. She was very old and got lost that morning. So, Tara was safely returned home.
Here is the truth of the story:
Actually Julie and I were out that morning because I was leaving. She was trying to persuade me to come back, but I wasn’t hearing anything that made that sound likely.
I was about to turn and go when an old black dog walked between us and almost fell down. Suddenly we had something more important than our problem to worry about. There was a creature in need right before us and we had to work together to help it.
We did help it. And here I am writing the story in my own home, in my own family.
In the song “Love Is Not a Fight” Warren Barfield talks about marriage. At one point he sings, “And if we try to leave, may God send angels (天使) to guard the door.”
Sometimes angels come disguised (伪装) as dogs.
60. How was the dog when found?
A. Too weak to walk.
B. Thin and worn out.
C. Unable to eat food.
D. Homeless but gentle.
61. We can infer from Paragraph 2 that
.
A. the dog didn’t go with the writer
B. the writer had his own pet dog
C. Julie bought some food for the dog
D. the dog didn’t eat any of the food
62. The underlined part “our problem” in the passage refers to the fact that
.
A. the writer didn’t want to take Julie’s advice
B. an old black dog appeared in front of them
C. Julie disagreed with the writer’s travel on business
D. the couple had some trouble with their marriage
63. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. An Angel Dog B. A Helpful Couple C. Saving the Dog
D. A Famous Song
【参考答案】60—63 BBDA
【2017高考英语马鞍山市质量检测】
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
We would like to wish all our readers a wonderful winter break. Our January magazine is now in the shops and available digitally. We’re looking forward to sharing more adventures and discoveries with you in 2017, including: At a crossroads in the Atlantic As the population of Ascension Island rises up to mark the 200th anniversary of British rule, Fred Pearce wonders what the future might have in store for this strange part of land. Photostory: On the road again A selection of images from an exhibition opening this month at the Royal Geographical Society go hand in hand with M Aurel Stein’s early 20th century photographs of the Silk Road. Dossier: Going underground Mark Rowe discusses the role that carbon storage can play in the global effort to reduce carbon dioxide emission (排放 Net loss Kit Gillet reports from the Gulf of Thailand, whose fisheries (渔场) have been almost destroyed by the commercialization of the Thai fishing industry. And don’t forget… …a round-up of the latest geographical and climate science news; a hot spot focus on Turkey; advice on taking photographs in Antarctica; an interview with Lucien Castaing-Taylor, professor of visual arts at Harvard; plus lots, lots more… Buy your copy now, click here and save up to 35% or call +44 (0)1635 588 496. Geographical is also available in WHSmith and many independent news agents. 56. Who took photos of the Silk Road?
A. M Aurel Stein.
B. Fred Pearce.
C. Mark Rowe.
D. Lucien Castaing-Taylor. 57. If you want to read something about global warming, you can read
.
A. At a crossroads in the Atlantic
B. Photostory: On the road again
C. Dossier: Going underground
D. Net loss 58. Which of the following statements is true?
A. Ascension Island has a bright future with more population.
B. Commercialization contributes to the loss of fishery in Thai.
C. The January edition of 2017 is to come out in the winter break. D. The topics of this magazine focus on geography and interviews.
59. The passage is written to
.
A. share adventures and discoveries
B. give advice on taking photos
C. attract readers to buy the magazine
D. introduce the content of the magazine
【参考答案】56—59 ACBC
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
The Child Ego State
The Child ego state is a set of behaviors, thoughts and feelings which are replayed from our own childhood.
Perhaps the boss calls us into his or her office, we may immediately get a churning in our stomach and wonder what we have done wrong. If this were explored we might remember the time the head teacher called us in to tell us off. Of course, not everything in the Child ego state is negative. We might go into someone’s house and smell a lovely smell and remember our grandmother’s house when we were little, and all the same warm feelings we had at six years of age may come flooding back.
The Child ego states are constantly being updated. For example, we may meet someone who gives us the permission we needed as a child, and did not get, to be fun and joyous. We may well use that person in our imagination when we are stressed to resist our old ways of thinking that we must work longer and longer hours to keep up with everything. We might ask ourselves “I wonder what X would say now.” Then on hearing the new permissions to relax and take some time out, do just that and then return to the work renewed and ready for the challenge. Afterwards, rather than blaming ourselves for what we did or did not do, what tends to happen is that we automatically start to give ourselves new permissions and take care of ourselves.
Alternatively, we might have had an extremely unpleasant experience yesterday which goes into the Child ego state as an antique memory that stands in the way of our growth. Positive experiences will also go into the Child ego state as antique memories. The positive experiences can then be drawn on to remind us that positive things do happen.
The process of analyzing personality in terms of ego states is called structural analysis. It is important to remember that ego states do not have an existence of their own. They are concepts to enable understanding. Therefore it is important to say “I want some fun” rather than “My Child wants some fun.” We may be in our Child ego state when we say this, but saying “I” reminds us to take responsibility for our actions.
1. The writer uses two examples in Paragraph 2 in order to _____.
A. support the idea in Paragraph 1
B. explain why we become nervous
C. prove the Child ego state is negative
D. introduce the point of Paragraph 3
2. By asking “I wonder what X would say now”, we intend to __________.
A. blame ourselves
B. accept challenges
C. keep up with everything
D. avoid stress
3. According to the passage, the Child ego state __________.
A. shows one’s wisdom
B. influences one’s actions
C. limits one’s thoughts
D. exists in one’s childhood
4. The underlined word “this” in the last paragraph refers to __________.
A. structural analysis
B. “My Child wants some fun”
C. the Child ego state
D. “I want some fun”
【参考答案】1---4. ADBD
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
The Cave Crawler mining robot
Why do human beings still risk their lives under ground and doing one of the dirtiest and most dangerous jobs in the world? It’s an increasingly urgent question,given the recent high-profile(引人注目的)mining accidents in Sago, W. Va., and Huntington, Utah. A small group of engineers and robotics experts envision(展望)a day in the not-too-distant future when robots and other technology do most of the dangerous mining work..
One of the first mining robots was developed five years ago at Carnegie-Mellon University’s Robotics Institute. It was called Groundhog and it looked like a golf cart. It used lasers to “see” in dark tunnels and map abandoned mines—some of the most dangerous work in the business.
The latest prototype is called Cave Crawler. It’s a bit smaller than Groundhog, and even more advanced. It can take photos and video and has sensors mounted that can detect the presence of dangerous gases. Incredibly, the robot has a real sense of logic. If it comes across an obstacle it gets momentarily confused, it has to think through the process and where to go next, and sometimes it throws a fit just like a real person.
The biggest obstacle, though, is cost. The original research project was federally funded, but that money has dried up, and it’s not clear where future funding will come from. Partly for that reason, and partly because of advances in safety, mining is not nearly as dangerous as it was in the past. Since 1990, fatalities have declined by 67 percent, and injuries by 51 percent, according to the National Mining Association.
Some experts predict that robots in mines will serve much of the same function that they do in the automotive industry. The robots do the most repetitive and dangerous jobs, but don’t eliminate the need for human workers.
5.The latest robot is more advanced than Groundhog mainly because
.
A. it can map abandoned mines
B. the robot has a real sense of logic
C. it can see in the dark tunnel
D. it’s a bit smaller than Groundhog
6.We can infer from the last paragraph that
.
A. the mine robots will have a very bright future
B. robots in mines will serve much in the automotive industry
C. there will be no need for human workers in mines
D. robots in mines have a long way to go
7. Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?
A. High-profile mining accidents in America.
B. The development of robot.
C. Could robots replace humans in mines?
D. Cave Crawler, the latest robot.
【参考答案】
5---7. BAC