随堂训练
1. By 2025, when the number of consumers worldwide has reached 4. 2 billion, people with high income will be, for the first time, more than ______ struggling to meet basic needs.
A. oneB. thatC. onesD. those
【解析】选D。句意: 到2025年, 全世界消费者的人数将达到42亿, 高收入的人将首次超过还在想方设法来满足生活基本需要的人。根据句子中提到的people及struggling to meet basic needs可知句中填入的部分应为可数名词复数, 且为特指, 故用those。
【知识拓展】
that作替代词, 替代单数名词时, 指同类不同个(另一个同类物品)。that和those总是伴随着限定性的后置修饰语, that=the one, those=the ones。one的复数形式ones只能替代可数名词复数。它也必须带有一个限定或修饰词。
2. My best friend who saved the two drowning boys from the freezing river is a kind and brave person, that is worth respecting for ever.
A. that B. one
C. it
D. what
【解析】选B。句意: 我的最好的朋友从冰河中救出了两个溺水的男孩。他是一个善良勇敢的人, 一个值得永远尊敬的人。根据句意, 填入的部分应为“一个人”即a person, 可用one替代, 表示泛指一个人或物。
3. (2015·宁波模拟)To British people, Canadians may sound American; to Americans, they may sound British. Canadians themselves insist on not being identified with______.
A. neither
B. both
C. any
D. either
【解析】选D。句意: 对英国人来说, 加拿大人可能听起来是美国的; 对美国人来说, 他们可能听起来是英国的。加拿大人自己坚持不被视为两者中的任何一种。either指两者中任何一个; neither两者都不; both两者都; any指三者或三者以上的任何一个。
4. —Who can believe that Carl, a shy man, should have fought with his boss?
—Well, if one means trouble, just can’t be helped.
A. that
B. this
C. which
D. it
【解析】选D。句意: ——谁能相信卡尔这样一个胆小怕事的人竟然和他的老板打架了? ——如果一个人故意找麻烦的话, 那就没办法了。it(just)can’t be helped为固定句型结构, 常用于表示“没有办法, 无可奈何, 无法控制, 无法避免”之意。
5. Change can be scary, but it’s during transformations that some of the best opportunities present______.
A. it B. one
C. those
D. themselves
【解析】选D。句意: 变化可能会令人恐惧, 但是就是在变化过程中, 一些最好的机遇也会自己呈现出来。themselves为反身代词, 作动词present的宾语。
6. China has made ______ clear to the world that in the course of its development it seeks for both golden, silver hills and clean water, green mountains as well.
A. this
B. that
C. it
D. one
【解析】选C。句意: 中国已经向世界表明了在其发展过程中它既要金山银山, 也要绿水青山。本句中it作动词make的形式宾语, 代替后面的that引导的真正的宾语从句。
7. Life is not easy nowadays, when young people have tremendous pressure______ schooling and employment.
A. on behalf of B. in terms of
C. in honour of
D. in defence of
【解析】选B。句意: 时下生活不是很容易, 年轻人在接受学校教育和就业方面都有很大的压力。on behalf of代表, 为了; in terms of从……角度而言, 在……方面; in honour of为了纪念, 为了庆祝; in defence of为了保卫, 为了保护。
8. (2015·苏锡常镇二调)One well of the oil field was still burning with huge fire twisting crazily______the night sky.
A. in
B. on
C. against
D. across
【解析】选C。句意: 油田的一个油井还在燃烧, 巨大的火蛇在夜空的映衬下肆虐地盘旋。in表示在……范围中, 虽然也有in the night sky的说法, 但句意不符: on在……之上, 关于, 在……的时候; against在本句中意为“与……(形成)对照, 与……衬托; 以……为背景”; across穿过, 横穿(从表面上经过)。
9. (2015·池州模拟)In today’s world, all children should be equipped with an education that prepares them for success______sex or origin.
A. regardless of
B. in spite of
C. apart from
D. rather than
【解析】选A。句意: 在今天这个世界上, 不论性别和出身, 所有的孩子都要接受教育, 为他们成功做好准备。regardless of不顾, 不管; in spite of虽然, 尽管; apart from除了……之外; rather than而不是。
【误区警示】
regardless of和in spite of虽然在翻译时都译为“不管, 不顾”, 但两者在用法上仍然有差别。regardless of重点强调对regardless of之后的内容不予考虑; in spite of强调转折, 通常是取“尽管”之意。
例如: Regardless of the warnings from the family, the young man went to Iraq. 不顾家人的警告, 年轻人去了伊拉克。
In spite of the hard life he was living, he remained positive about everything.
尽管生活艰辛, 他仍然对所有一切都很乐观。
【加固训练】
(2015·鄂州模拟)This urban special school always accepts hearing-impaired students,
their educational level and background.
A. according to B. regardless of
C. in addition to
D. in terms of
【解析】选B。句意: 这所城市特教学校总是接收听力受损的孩子, 不管这些孩子所接受的教育和背景如何。regardless of不管, 无视, 不考虑; according to根据; in addition to除……以外(还); in terms of从……角度而言。
10. Another distinguishing feature of the Shanghai auto show was the many environmentally friendly vehicles______.
A. on watch
B. on business
C. on duty
D. on display
【解析】选D。句意: 这次上海车展的另外一个显著的特点是有众多的环保车辆在展出。on watch值班, 监视; on business因事出差; on duty值班; on display展览, 公开展示。
11. (2015·镇江模拟)The Internet Plus will bring about the fourth industrial revolution for manufacturing ______ the conventional business models.
A. in charge of
B. in contrast to
C. in defense of
D. in proportion to
【解析】选B。句意: 与传统的商业模式形成对比的是, 互联网+将会带来制造业的第四次工业革命。in charge of主管, 负责; in contrast to与……相对照; in defense of为……辩护, 防卫; in proportion to与……相称, 与……成比例。
12. (2015·宁波模拟)Some members went so wild that they strongly demanded to know why they had been kept______the true facts until the present stage.
A. in view of
B. in ignorance of
C. in place of
D. in favor of
【解析】选B。句意: 有些成员气得都要发疯了, 他们强烈要求了解为什么直到现阶段还没让他们知道真相。in view of考虑到, 鉴于; in ignorance of不知道; in place of代替; in favor of支持, 有利于。