2017届湖南省长沙市望城区高考英语一轮复习完形填空和阅读理解训练：8（含解析）

　　长沙市望城区2017高考英语完形和阅理一轮练习8

　　[2017·河南省郑州市高中毕业班质量预测]

　　One summer I was driving from my hometown of Tahoe City, California, to New Orleans. In the middle of the desert,

　　I passed a young man standing by the roadside.

　　He had his

　　thumb out and held a gas can in his__1__hand.

　　I drove right

　　by him. There was a time__2__you'd be called a jerk for

　　passing by somebody in need. Now you are a fool for__3__.

　　“I don't want to get involved” seems to have become a national motto.

　　Several days__4__I

　　was still thinking about the hitchhiker(搭便车的人),

　　about how I didn't ever lifted my foot

　　off the accelerator for him.

　　“Does anyone stop any more？”

　　I wondered.

　　Blanche DuBois once said, “I have always depended on the__5__of strangers.” Is that possible these days? One way to test this would be for a person to journey across the US without any__6__， just relying on the good will of others. What would happen? Would he find food, shelter and support?

　　The idea intrigued (激起兴趣) me.

　　The week I__7__37, I realized that I had__8__done something truly crazy.

　　So I decided to really do it: travel from the Pacific to the Atlantic without a penny. I would only__9__offers of rides, food and places to sleep.

　　For six weeks I hitched 82 rides and__10__4,223 miles across 14 states. I was treated__11__everywhere I went. I

　　was amazed by people's readiness to help a __12__.

　　I found people were__13__compassionate

　　(富有同情心的). Hearing I had no money and took__14__， people

　　bought me food and gave me necessities. Those who had the__15__to give often

　　gave the most.

　　In Nebraska a house painter named Mike noted the cold weather and asked__16__ I had a coat. I didn't, so he gave me a big green armystyle jacket.

　　A lumber­mill (锯木场) worker named Tim__17__me to a simple dinner with his family in their shabby house. Then he offered me a tent. I__18__， but Tim insisted, packing it into my bag himself.

　　I was__19__to all the people I met for their rides, their food, their shelter, and their gifts. My faith in ordinary folks was__20__. It turns out you can still depend on the kindness of strangers.

　　1. A. another B. each

　　C. other

　　D. both

　　2. A. what

　　B. when

　　C. which

　　D. who

　　3. A. helping

　　B. collecting

　　C. depending

　　D. hoping

　　4. A. before

　　B. ago

　　C. earlier

　　D. later

　　5. A. kindness

　　B. generousness

　　C. happiness

　　D. patience

　　6. A. water

　　B. clothes

　　C. luggage

　　D. money

　　7. A. came

　　B. turned

　　C. grew

　　D. developed

　　8. A. ever

　　B. never

　　C. often

　　D. always

　　9. A. win

　　B. receive

　　C. accept

　　D. earn

　　10.

　　A.

　　recovered

　　B.

　　covered

　　C. adventured

　　D. discovered

　　11. A. impolitely

　　B. rudely

　　C. kindly

　　D. comfortably

　　12. A. stranger

　　B. learner

　　C. scholar

　　D. visitor

　　13.

　　A.

　　generally

　　B.

　　constantly

　　C. occasionally

　　D. regularly

　　14. A. everything

　　B. nothing

　　C. something

　　D. anything

　　15. A. most

　　B. more

　　C. less

　　D. least

　　16. A. where

　　B. how

　　C. if

　　D. why

　　17. A. encouraged

　　B. invited

　　C. forced

　　D. advised

　　18. A. refused

　　B. offered

　　C. agreed

　　D. approved

　　19. A. glad

　　B. excited

　　C. grateful

　　D. disappointed

　　20. A. replaced

　　B. renewed

　　C. retold

　　D. repeated

　　[文章大意]　文章讲述了作者通过自己的亲身经历改变了对帮助他人的看法。作者又重新相信，当遇到困难的时候，陌生人也会帮助你的。

　　1. C。文章中的年轻人一只手竖起大拇指，另一只手里拿着汽油罐。other“另外的”，符合语境。

　　2. B。There was a time when...“有一段时间……”，先行词为time，when引导定语从句，故选B项。

　　3．A。从上一句的“There was a time...for passing by somebody in need.”可知，此处应选helping“帮助”。

　　4．D。根据语境可知，此处表示几天以后(later)，作者还在想这个搭便车的人。

　　5．A。从文章的最后一句“It turns out you can still depend on the kindness of strangers.”可知答案为A项。

　　6．D。water, clothes 和luggage 太片面，同时根据下文的“So I decided... without a penny.”可知，应选D项。

　　7．B。到作者37岁这一周时，作者意识到自己从来没有(never)做过真正疯狂的事。turn“变成，变为”，为系动词，符合语境。

　　8．B。参见上题解析。

　　9．C。作者将只接受人们提供的乘车(机会)、食物和睡的地方。accept“接受”，符合语境。

　　10．B。cover意为“走完(一段路程)”，符合语境。

　　11．C。从下文的“I was amazed by people's readiness to help”可知，作者受到了陌生人的友好对待。kindly“友好地，好意地”，符合语境。

　　12．A。从文章的最后一句“It turns out you can still depend on the kindness of strangers.”可知，答案为A项。

　　13．A。根据下文的叙述可知，此处表示作者发现人们通常(generally)是富有同情心的。

　　14．B。根据上文内容可知，作者没有带任何东西。故选nothing。

　　15．D。根据下文所举的两个事例可知，那些最贫穷的人往往是给得最多的人。故选least。

　　16．C。Mike问作者是否有外套。if“是否”，引导宾语从句。

　　17．B。invite“邀请”，符合语境。

　　18．A。根据后面的“but Tim insisted, packing it into my bag himself”可知，作者一开始拒绝(refused)了。

　　19．C。从“all the people I met for their rides, their food, their shelter，and their gifts”可以看出，此处表示作者感激陌生人提供的帮助。grateful“感激的”，符合语境。

　　20．B。通过独自旅行的经历，作者得到了陌生人这么多的帮助，作者对普通人的那份信任又回来了。renew“重新开始，继续”，符合语境。

　　2016高考英语****阅读理解。

　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。Taking exams in a large group setting can be stressful for students and for the staff members who are watching over them. When classrooms are crowded and desks are close together, cheating might be tempting.One university in Thailand came up with an anti-cheating hat that makes it almost impossible for students to see other students’ papers. A photo of the students wearing the anti-cheating hats made its way to the internet, and the university was criticized for making students wear those ridiculous looking homemade hats. The hats were made by stapling two pieces of paper onto a headband, one to each side of the head.

　　After being criticized, senior academic staff at Kasetsart University in Bangkok, Thailand, released a statement saying that the hats idea came from students. They said that in a bid to prevent cheating they asked the students for ideas on how to prevent cheating in the upcoming exam, which was being taken by almost one hundred students. Students came up with different ideas, then the paper hat idea was selected by them as the most fit. The university claims that no-one was forced to use the hat, but they all chose to do so. “When wearing the hat during the exam, students felt more relaxed,” Nattadon Rungruangkitkrai, a lecturer at the university said.“It was not meant to indicate that Kasetsart students often cheat on exams. I apologize if the photo makes other people look at my students in a negative way,’ Rungruangkitkrai added.

　　1. Why was the university criticized on the Internet?

　　A．The homemade anti-cheating hat looked too simple.

　　B．Wearing the anti-cheating hat made students look ridiculous.

　　C．Wearing the anti-cheating hats couldn’t prevent students from cheating in the exam.

　　D．The university forced students to wear the anti-cheating hat.

　　2. What’s most of the Kasetsart University students’ attitude towards the cheating hat?

　　A. skeptical

　　B. supportive

　　C. objective

　　D. negative

　　3. It can be inferred from the passage that_______.

　　A. It’s useless wearing the anti-cheating hat in the exam.

　　B. Kasetsart students are often caught cheating in the exam.

　　C. Wearing the anti-cheating hat is effective in some degree.

　　D. Some students are forced to wear the anti-cheating hat.

　　参考答案1-3 BBC

　　2016高考英语阅读理解（社会生活、说理议论）【2016·北京】D

　　Why College Is Not Home

　　The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during which many of today’s students and are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.

　　For previous generations, college was decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed help from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cellphones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passagefrom the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.

　　To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility, college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation. This process involves “trying on ” new ways of thinking about oneself both intellectually(在思维方面) and personally. While we should provide “safe spaces” within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views. Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered on debate and questioning.

　　Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. Because a college community(群体) differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community.

　　Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined(规定) and controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged.

　　It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so. Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency. What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescent’s desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore, there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth.

　　Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery.

　　67.What’s the author’s attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students?

　　A.Sympathetic

　　B.Disapproving

　　C.Supportive

　　D.Neutral

　　68.The underlined word “passage” in Paragraph 2 means.

　　A.change

　　B.choice

　　C.text

　　D.extension

　　69.According to the author,what role should college play?

　　A.to develop a shared identity among students

　　B.to define and regulate students’ social behavior

　　C.To provide a safe world without tension for students

　　D.To foster students’ intellectual and personal development

　　70.Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?

　　【答案】

　　67.B68.A69.D70.C

　　69.D推理判断题。根据If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not facing...”可知，故选

　　70.C篇章结构题。根据Learning to deal with the social world is equally important.”中的“equally important”和第五段的“moreover”可知，故选

　　考点：类短文阅读

　　3. 结构推测: 此类组织结构题要求考生能够根据文章或段落的组织结构、行文方式或段落内容推测文章前后未呈现的写作内容。其常见的题干表述方式如下：

　　What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?[学优]

　　Which of the following do you think has been discussed in the part before this selection?

　　II解题策略

　　考查组织结构的文章通常行文组织结构都比较清晰、规范，因此具备文体、写作方式和文章组织结构方面相关知识对于有效解答此类题目具有至关重要的作用。

　　记叙文可以采取以时间为序、以地点为序、以故事情节发展为序（开端、发展、高潮、结局）等叙事方式进行写作。以故事情节为序又可以不按照时间的先后顺序叙述，比如，先写结局，再写其他, 最后写高潮，这种叙事手法叫做倒叙。

　　议论文总体上可以分为四类：

　　第一类，“提出论点——分论点一——分论点二——分论点三……——结论”；

　　第二类，“引入段——导出论点——分点论述——结论”；

　　2016高考英语阅读理解（社会生活、说理议论）【2016·天津】C

　　When John was growing up, other kids felt sorry for him. His parents always had him weeding the garden, carrying out the garbage and delivering newspapers. But when John reached adulthood, he was better off than his childhood playmates. He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier. Most of all, he was happier. Far happier.

　　These are the findings of a 40-year study that followed the lives of 456 teenage boys from Boston. The study showed that those who had worked as boys enjoyed happier and more productive lives than those who had not. “Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence (能力) and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society,” said George Vaillant, the psychologist (心理学家) who made the discovery. “And because they felt good about themselves, others felt good about them.”

　　Vaillant’s study followed these males in great detail. Interviews were repeated at ages 25, 31 and 47. Under Vaillant, the researchers compared the men’s mental-health scores with their boyhood-activity scores with their boyhood-activity scores. Points were awarded for part-time jobs, housework, effort in school, and ability to deal with problems.

　　The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp. Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people, five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed. The researchers also found that IQ and family social and economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out. Working----at any age----is important. Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence, confidence and competence---the underpinnings (基础) of emotional health. They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals. The most competent adults are those who know how to do this. Yet work isn’t everything. As Tolstoy once said, “One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one loves and to love one’s work.”

　　46. What do we know about John?

　　A. He enjoyed his career and marriage.

　　B. He had few childhood playmates.

　　C. He received little love from his family.

　　D. He was envied by others in his childhood.

　　47. Vaillant’s words in Paragraph 2 serve as _____.

　　A. a description of personal values and social values

　　B. an analysis of how work was related to competence

　　C. an example for parents’ expectations of their children

　　D. an explanation why some boys grew into happy men

　　48. Vaillant’s team obtained their findings by _____.

　　A. recording the boys’ effort in school

　　B. evaluating the men’s mental health

　　C. comparing different sets of scores

　　D. measuring the men’s problem solving ability

　　49. What does the underlined word “sharp” probably mean in Paragraph 4?

　　A. Quick to react

　　B. Having a thin edge

　　C. Clear and definite

　　D. sudden and rapid

　　50. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

　　A. competent adults know more about love than work.

　　B. Emotional health is essential to a wonderful adult life.

　　C. Love brings more joy to people than work does.

　　D. Independence is the key to one’s success.

　　【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章通过John的例子结合一个研究发现说明童年时期帮助做一些家务的孩子长大后会更快乐，更成功。

　　46.【答案】A

　　考点：考查细节理解。

　　47.【答案】D

　　【解析】

　　试题分析：根据第二段的句子Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society，可知，第二段Vaillant的话是解释为什么一些男孩成长为快乐的人。故选D。

　　考点：考查推理判断。

　　48.【答案】C

　　考点：考查细节理解。

　　49.【答案】C

　　【解析】

　　试题分析：根据第四段的句子The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp（这些人在孩子的时候做的事情和他们成人后是怎样的人之间的关联是令人惊讶地明显），结合下面一句进一步可知，这里sharp的意思是“明确的，一定的”。故选C。

　　考点：考查词义猜测。

　　50.【答案】B

　　【解析】

　　试题分析：根据最后一段的句子One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how too love, to work for the person one loves and to love one’s work，可知，情感健康对于好的成年人生活是基本的。故选B。

　　考点：考查推理判断。

　　【名师点睛】这篇文章篇幅适中。考查全面，除了理解细节题，还需要适当的推理，。