2017届湖南省长沙市望城区高考英语一轮复习完形填空和阅读理解训练：9（含解析）

　　长沙市望城区2017高考英语完形和阅理一轮练习9

　　完形填空。阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。

　　When I first entered university, my aunt, who is an English professor, gave me a new English dictionary. I was _1___to see that it was an English dictionary, also known as a monolingual dictionary._2__it was a dictionary intended for non—native learners, none of my classmates had one __3__, to be honest, I found it extremely __4_ to use at first. I would look up words in the dictionary and _5__ not fully understand the meaning. I was used to the __6__ bilingual dictionaries, in which the words are _7__ both in English and Chinese. I really wondered why my aunt __8_ to make things so difficult for me. Now, after studying English at university for three years, I _9_ that monolingual dictionaries are __10_ in learning a foreign language As I found out, there is __11 often no perfect equivalence(对应)between two ____ in two language. My aunt even goes so far as to 13__ that a Chinese "equivalent" can never give you the __14__ meaning of a word in English! ___15 , she insisted that I read the definition(定 义) of a world in a monolingual dictionary __1___ I wanted to get a better understanding of its meaning. ____17__, I have come to see what she meant. Using a monolingual dictionary for learners has helped me in another important way. This dictionary uses a(n) ___18___ number of words, around 2, 000, in its definitions. When I read these definitions, I am ___19__ exposed to(接触)the basic words and learn how they are used to explain objects and ideas.

　　this, I can express myself more easily in English.

　　(

　　) 1. A. worried

　　B. sad

　　C. surprised

　　D. nervous

　　(

　　) 2. A. Because

　　B. Although

　　C. Unless

　　D. If

　　(

　　) 3. A. but

　　B. so

　　C. or

　　D. and

　　(

　　) 4. A. difficult

　　B. interesting

　　C. ambiguous

　　D. practical

　　(

　　) 5. A. thus

　　B. even

　　C. still

　　D. again

　　(

　　) 6. A. new

　　B. familiar

　　C. earlier

　　D. ordinary

　　(

　　) 7. A. explained

　　B. expressed

　　C. described

　　D. created

　　(

　　) 8. A. offered

　　B. agreed

　　C. decided

　　D. happened

　　(

　　) 9. A. imagine

　　B. recommend

　　C. predict

　　D. understand

　　(

　　) 10. A. natural

　　B. better

　　C. easier

　　D. convenient

　　(

　　) 11. A. at best

　　B. in fact

　　C. at times

　　D. in case

　　(

　　) 12. A. words

　　B. names

　　C. ideas

　　D. characters

　　(

　　) 13. A. hope

　　B. declare

　　C. doubt

　　D. tell

　　(

　　) 14. A. exact

　　B. basic

　　C. translated

　　D. expected

　　(

　　) 15. A. Rather

　　B. However

　　C. Therefore

　　D. Instead

　　(

　　) 16. A. when

　　B. before

　　C. until

　　D. while

　　(

　　) 17. A. Largely

　　B. Generally

　　C. Gradually

　　D. Probably

　　(

　　) 18. A. extra

　　B. average

　　C. total

　　D. limited

　　(

　　) 19. A. repeatedly

　　B. nearly

　　C. immediately

　　D. anxiously

　　(

　　) 20. A. According to

　　B. In relation to

　　C. In addition to

　　D. Because of

　　36.C . 通读全文可知,作者是一个中国大学生,中国人学英语,尤其是初学者习惯使用英 汉词典.当作者看到英英词典的时候,他感到"吃惊".37.B.前后两句在意义上是让步关系,所以用 although 引导让步状语从句.而 A 项 because 引导原因状语从句;Unless 和 if'引导条件状语从句.38.A.此空格处是一个并列连词,连接前后两句.而前后两句之间存在的是转折关系,所以 用 but.39. A.最初用英英词典,不习惯,所以作者感觉用起来"很难 difficult".interesting 是"有 趣味的意思",根据下文 not fully understand the meaning 不可能是这个答案;ambiguous 是 "不明确的";practical 是"实用的",这两个词也不符合语境.40.C.句子中有否定词 not,有副词 fully,所以用 still,表示"仍然不能够完全"的意思.41.B.be used to 表示"习惯……,对作者来说习惯了双语词典,或者说是英汉词典.这里 指双语词典的使用对他来说是熟悉.42.A.此句是一个 in which 引导的定语从句,其中 words 是主语,根据常识在词典中单词的 意思是被"解释出来"的,所以用 explained.43.C.我真想知道我姑妈为什么决定这么为难我.其他三个词虽然都跟动词不定式,但是在 这里意思都不恰当.44.D.过去不理解,经过一段时间后,"明白了 understand";imagine 是"想象"的意思; recommend 是"推荐"的意思;predict 是"预测"的意思.45.B.此句中 monolingual dictionaries 和 bilingual dictionaries 比较,A 和 D 项没用比较级, better 强调更好,更实用,而 easier 则不可能.46.B.常见的情况是实际上两种语言之间的两个词没有完全的对应.in fact 表示"实际上, 事实上".at best 是"至多;充其量";at times 是"有时";in case 是"万一,以防", 显然 A,C,D 项不合语境.47.A.词典上重点的内容应该是单词.48.B.我姑妈甚至还声称汉语意思决不能给出一个单词的确切意思.49.A.前面的 a Chinese equivalent 和 the meaning of a word in English 对应,所表明还是对应 不准确的问题,所以用 exact.50. C.此空后面的句子和前面表示的是一种"因果"关系,所以用 therefore.51. A.表示"当……时候",用 when 引导时间状语从句.而 before 通常指"在……之前"; until 指"直到……时候";while 指"在……的同时".52. C.该句的谓语 have come to see 是表示"变化过程",所以用 gradually 表示"渐渐地".53. D.从后面的 around 2,000 可知词典中用于解释词义的词是限制在 2,000 左右.54. A.在有限的范围内,查阅阅读释义的话,就会反复接触基本词汇,学会这些词汇怎样 用来解释事物和观点,所以用 repeatedly 表示"反复地,经常地"55. D.后面主句部分 I can express myself more easily in English.表达的是结果,此处表达的 应该是原因,说明使用这种词典所带来的好处.阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。Many people influenced various aspects of my life, based on their personal characteristics, accomplishments, and values. I have been fortunate to have had numerous teachers and professors who I respect for their patience and intelligence. There are artists that have inspired me by their natural talents and original creativity. I value many political leaders, who have inspired me by their contributions to society, and their ability to change our futures. But of all the people I have known in my life, the person I admire most is my father.

　　As the youngest girl in my family, I always considered myself to be “Daddy’s little girl”. While I grew up, it always made me sad to see so many of my friends and neighbors without a father or father-like figure around. This helped me appreciate how my father always takes an interest in his children’s lives. In every aspect of my life my father continuously pushes me to excel, so I could accomplish my work outstandingly among my people. Whenever I feel like giving up, or have a question or a concern, I know I can always call on him for advice. From him I have also learned that sometimes you have to put others’ needs ahead of your own, but you should make sure you are not taken advantage of by others. His strength seems to be unbreakable during hard times, and he is extremely determined to accomplish anything he sets his mind on, no matter how tiny it is. I highly respect him for how he stands up for what he believes in, and will never back down. I have always admired his open mind, compassion for people, and sense of understanding. He is a very reserved man, but to everybody’s surprise, he has a great sense of humor, and always knows how to put a smile on the faces of his wife, his children and his friends.

　　Living in his affection and instruction, I am very proud of my father. He also professes how proud he is of his children, and is still there to support us in whatever we are involved in.

　　1. What is the best title for the passage?

　　A. How my father loved me

　　B. My father—the person I admire most

　　C. I am the apple on my father’s palm

　　D. My father—the one who influenced me most

　　2. Which of the following could not be used to describe the author’s father?

　　A. Considerate and humorous

　　B. Affectionate and open-minded

　　C. Knowledgeable and sociable

　　D. Energetic and helpful

　　3. Which of the following can best explain the underlined word “excel”?

　　A. Do better than others.

　　B. Show off.

　　C. Be cleverer than others.

　　D. Keep healthy

　　4. What can we infer about the author?

　　A. She appreciated her father because he solved all the problems for her.

　　B. She considered her father humorous and was often made to laugh by him.

　　C. She had sympathy for the fatherless.

　　D. She was outstanding in work because her father pushed her hard.

　　参考答案1—4 BCAC

　　2016高考英语阅读理解（科普类说明文）【2015·安徽】C

　　As Internet users become more dependent on the Internet to store information, are people remember less? If you know your computer will save information, why store it in your own personal memory, your brain? Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.

　　In a recent study, Professor Betsy Sparrow conducted some experiments. She and her research team wanted to know the Internet is changing memory. In the first experiment, they gave people 40 unimportant facts to type into a computer. The first group of people understood thatthe computer would save the information. The second group understood that the computer would not save it. Later, the second group remembered the information better. People in the first group knew they could find the information again, so they did not try to remember it.

　　In another experiment, the researchers gave people facts to remember, and told them where to find the information on the Internet. The information was in a specific computer folder (文件夹). Surprisingly, people later remember the folder location (位置) better than the facts. When people use the Internet, they do not remember the information. Rather, they remember how to find it. This is called "transactive memory (交互记忆)".

　　According to Sparrow, we are not becoming people with poor memories as a result of the Internet. Instead, computer users are developing stronger transactive memories; that is, people are learning how to organize huge quantities of information so that they are able to access it at a later date. This doesn't mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.

　　64. The passage begins with two questions to ______.

　　A. introduce the main topic

　　B. show the author's altitude

　　C. describe how to use the Interne.

　　D. explain how to store information

　　65. What can we learn about the first experiment?

　　A. Sparrow's team typed the information into a computer.

　　B. The two groups remembered the information equally well.

　　C. The first group did not try to remember the formation.

　　D. The second group did not understand the information.

　　66. In transactive memory, people ______.

　　A. keep the information in mind

　　B. change the quantity of information

　　C. organize information like a computer D. remember how to find the information

　　67. What is the effect of the Internet according to Sparrow's research?

　　A. Weare using memory differently.

　　B. We arebecoming more intelligent.

　　C. We have poorer memories than before. D. We need a better way to access information.

　　【答案】

　　64. A

　　65. C

　　66. D

　　67. A

　　66. D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Rather, they remember how to find it. This is called "transactive memory (交互记忆)"”可知，在交互记忆里，人们记得怎样找到信息。

　　67. A 细节理解题。根据最后一段“but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing”可知，互联网对人们的记忆产生的影响是它改变了我们使用记忆力的方式。

　　【考点定位】心理类短文阅读

　　【名师点睛】一般来说，举例的目的是为了引出即将讨论的话题，可以从例子后面找到总结性的话语。“Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.”就是举例的意图。后三道题都属于细节理解题，可以直接从文章找到提示性的语句；最后一道题有一定的难度，需要进行一些推理和排除。

　　2016高考英语阅读理解（科普类说明文）【2015·湖南】B

　　In its early history, Chicago had floods frequently, especially in the spring, making the streets so muddy that people, horses, and carts got stuck. An old joke that was popular at the time went something like this: A man is stuck up to his waist in a muddy Chicago street. Asked if he needs help, he replies, "No, thanks. I've got a good horse under me."

　　The city planner decided to build an underground drainage (排水) system, but there simply wasn't enough difference between the height of the ground level and the water level. The only two options were to lower the Chicago River or raise the city.

　　An engineer named Ellis Chesbrough convinced me the city that it had no choice but to build the pipes above ground and then cover them with dirt. This raised the level of the city's streets by as much as 12 feet.

　　This of course created a new problem: dirt practically buried the first floors of every building in Chicago. Building owners were faced with a choice: either change the first floors of their buildings into basements, and the second stories into main floors, or hoist the entire buildings to meet the new street level. Small wood-frame buildings could be lifted fairly easily. But what about large, heavy structures like Tremont Hotel, which was a six-story brick building?

　　That's where George Pullman came in. He had developed some house-moving skills successfully. To lift a big structure like the Tremont Hotel, Pullman would place thousands of jackscrews (螺旋千斤顶) beneath the building's foundation. One man was assigned to operate each section of roughly 10 jackscrews. At Pullman's signal each man turned his jackscrew the same amount at the same time, thereby raising the building slowly and evenly. Astonishingly, the Tremont Hotel stay open during the entire operation, and many of its guests didn't even notice anything was happening. Some people like to say that every problem has a solution. But in Chicago's early history, every engineering solution seemed to create a new problem. Now that Chicago's waste water was draining efficiently into the Chicago River, the city's next step was to clean the polluted river.

　　61.The author mentions the joke to show ______.

　　A. horses were fairly useful in Chicago

　　B. Chicago's streets were extremely muddy

　　C. Chicago was very dangerous in the spring

　　D. the Chicago people were particularly humorous

　　62.The city planners were convinced by Ellis Chesbrough to_______.

　　A. get rid of the street dirt

　　B. lower the Chicago River

　　C. fight against heavy floods

　　D. build the pipes above ground

　　63.The underlined word "hoist" in Paragraph 4 means "_______".

　　A. change

　　B. lift

　　C. repair

　　D. decorate

　　64.What can we conclude about the moving operation of the Tremont Hotel?

　　A. It went on smoothly as intended.

　　B. It interrupted the business of the hotel.

　　C. It involved Pullman turning ten jackscrews.

　　D. It separated the building from its foundation.

　　65.The passage is mainly about the early Chicago's ______.

　　A. popular life styles and their influences

　　B. environmental disasters and their causes

　　C. engineering problems and their solutions

　　D. successful businessmen and their achievements

　　【答案】

　　61．B

　　62．D

　　63．B

　　64．A

　　65．C

　　62．D;细节理解题。根据第三段第一句话：An engineer named Eill Chesbrough convinced the city that it had no choice but to build the pipes above ground and then cover thenwith dirt.可知以Eill Chesbrough为首的人们认为应该在地上埋下排水管道，故选D

　　63．B;细节推理题。根据后文：Small wood-frame building could be lifted fairly easily.可知另一种方法就是将建筑升高。故选B

　　【考点定位】科普类短文阅读。

　　【名师点睛】这是一篇科普类的文章，主要是考查上下文理解和对文章细节的把握，明白作者的构思在文章中给出的自己想法和观点以及对文章的总结。例如最后一段：Some people like to say that every problem has a solution. But in Chicago's early history, every engineering solution seemed to create a new problem. Now that Chicago's waste water was draining efficiently into the Chicago River, the city's next step was to clean the polluted river.可知作者觉得所有的解决办法都会解决了原有的问题后又产生出一个新的问题。这是对文章的一个总结。