四川洪雅县2017高考英语阅读理解一轮练习2
阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
US researchers have found traces of an ancient lake on Mars recently，increasing hopes of discovering evidence that billions of years ago the Red planet hosted life.
The lake，which dates back some 3.4 billion years，appears to have covered as much as 80 square miles and was up to 1,500 feet deep，said the team from the University of Colorado.
“This is the first clear evidence of shorelines on the surface of Mars，”said Boulder' s research associate，Gaetano Di Achille，in a study published in the latest edition of Geophysical Rese arch Letters.
“The identification of the shorelines and accompanying geological evidence allows us to calculate the size and volume of the lake，which appears to have formed about 3.4 billion years ago.”
Analysis of the images has shown the water carved out the canyon(溪谷)in which it was found，which then opened out into a valley depositing(使淤积)sediment(沉积)which formed a delta(三角洲)．
“Finding shorelines is a great discovery to us，”said assistant professor Brian Hynek，adding it showed the lake existed at a time when Mars was thought to have been cold and dry.
Scientists believe the oldest surfaces on Mars formed during the wet and warm era known as the Noachan epoch，about 4.1 billion to 3.7 billion years ago.
The newly discovered lake is believed to date from the Hesperian era and postdates the end of the warm and wet period on Mars by 300 million years，according to the study.
Scientists believe deltas next to the lake may well hold secrets about past life on Mars as such places on Earth have become the natural deposits of organic carbon and other markers of life.
1. The size of the lake found on Mars is________.
A．80 square milesB．1,500 square miles
C．3.4 billion square milesD．300 million square miles
答案：A 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The lake，which dates back some 3.4 billion years，appears to have covered as much as 80 square miles”一句，可推知答案。
. When the lake existed，the weather on Mars was ________.
A．hot and wet
B．wet and warm
C．cold and dry
D．cold and wet
答案：C 细节理解题。根据第六段中…it showed the lake existed at a time when Mars was thought to have been cold and dry知，答案为C。. Why do scientists think deltas near the lake may hold secrets about past life on Mars?
A. Because similar places on Earth have become natural deposits of markers of life.
B．Because someone has put secrets about past life on Mars there.
C．Because past life has been found in other deltas on Mars.
D．Because some people are said to have already seen life marks there.
答案：A 细节理解题。由原文最后一句可直接找到答案。
. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A．The Noachan epoch was a wet and warm era.
B．The lake might have existed 3 .4 billion years.
C．The discovery can' t fully prove that the Mars once hosted life.
D．The lake traces prove that there exists life on Mars now.
答案：D
推理判断题。由第一段内容可知火星上湖岸线的发现只是增加了人们发现亿万年前火星上曾经存在生命证据的可能性，但并不能推出火星上现在有生命。
(2017江苏,C)If a diver surfaces too quickly,he may suffer the bends.Nitrogen(氮) dissolved(溶解) in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure.The consequence,if the bubbles(气泡)accumulate in a joint,is sharp pain and a bent body—thus the name.If the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain,the consequence can be death.
Other air-breathing animals also suffer this decompression(减压) sickness if they surface too fast: whales,for example.And so,long ago,did ichthyosaurs.That these ancient sea animals got the bends can be seen from their bones.If bubbles of nitrogen form inside the bone they can cut off its blood supply.This kills the cells in the bone,and consequently weakens it,sometimes to the point of collapse.Fossil(化石)bones that have caved in on themselves are thus a sign that the animal once had the bends.
Bruce Rothschild of the University of Kansas knew all this when he began a study of ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past.What he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression over the 150 million years.To this end,he and his colleagues traveled the world’s natural-history museums,looking at hundreds of ichthyosaurs from the Triassic period and from the later Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.
When he started,he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils,reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression.Instead,he was astonished to discover the opposite.More than 15% of Jurassic and Cretaceous ichthyosaurs had suffered the bends before they died,but not a single Triassic specimen(标本) showed evidence of that sort of injury.
If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti-decompression means,they clearly did so quickly—and,most strangely,they lost it afterwards.But that is not what Dr Rothschild thinks happened.He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change.
Whales that suffer the bends often do so because they have surfaced to escape a predator(捕食动物) such as a large shark.One of the features of Jurassic oceans was an abundance of large sharks and crocodiles,both of which were fond of ichthyosaur lunches.Triassic oceans,by contrast,were mercifully shark-and crocodile-free.In the Triassic,then,ichthyosaurs were top of the food chain.In the Jurassic and Cretaceous,they were prey(猎物) as well as predator—and often had to make a speedy exit as a result.
1.Which of the following is a typical symptom of the bends?()
A.A twisted body.
B.A gradual decrease in blood supply.
C.A sudden release of nitrogen in blood.
D.A drop in blood pressure.
2.The purpose of Rothschild’s study is to see .
A.how often ichthyosaurs caught the bends
B.how ichthyosaurs adapted to decompression
C.why ichthyosaurs bent their bodies
D.when ichthyosaurs broke their bones
3.Rothschild’s finding stated in Paragraph 4 .
A.confirmed his assumption
B.speeded up his research process
C.disagreed with his assumption
D.changed his research objectives
4.Rothschild might have concluded that ichthyosaurs .
A.failed to evolve an anti-decompression means
B.gradually developed measures against the bends
C.died out because of large sharks and crocodiles
D.evolved an anti-decompression means but soon lost it
语篇解读:本篇为科普说明文,文章主要说明了鱼龙得减压病的原因和后果。并介绍了Dr Rothschild通过研究,推翻了关于鱼龙进化的一些猜测。
答案及剖析:1.A 细节理解题。由The consequence...is sharp pain and a bent body—thus the name减压病的典型症状是身体弯曲,可知答案为A项。
2.B 推理判断题。根据...to find out how widespread the problem was in the past.和...to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression...可知答案为B项。
3.C 推理判断题。第四段开始说到...he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils...,接下来又说Instead,he was astonished to discover the opposite,由此见,研究结果和他开始的预测相反,故选C项。
4.A 推理判断题。由倒数第二段的If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti-decompression means...But that is not what Dr Rothschild thinks happened.可知,Dr Rothschild并不认可鱼龙的抗减压进化途径,故A项正确。
【疑难词汇解读】
evolve vt.使发展,设计,发出
Maize evolved from a wild grass in Mexico.
玉米是从墨西哥的一种野生禾本植物进化而来的。
【长难句子分析】
开始时,他假设弯曲的迹象在年小的化石中较少见,这也反应出了他们对付减压的措施的逐渐进化。
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。
2017届六校第二次联考A
Mark and his brother Jason both were looking at the shining new computer enviously. Jason was determined not to go against their father’s wishes but Mark was more adventurous than his brother. He loves experimenting and his aim was to become a scientist like his father.
“Dad will be really mad if he finds out you’ve been playing with his new computer” Jason said, “He told us not to touch it.”
“He won’t find out,” Mark said, “I’ll just have a quick look and shut it down.”
Mark had been scolded before for touching his father’s equipment. But his curiosity was difficult to control and this new computer really puzzled him.
It was a strange-looking machine — one his dad had brought home from the laboratory where he worked. “It’s an experimental model,” his father had explained, so don’t touch it under any circumstances.” But his father’s warning only served to make Mark more curious. Without any further thought, Mark turned on the power switch. The computer burst into life and seconds later, the screen turned into colours, shifting and changing, and then two big white words appeared in the centre of the screen: “SPACE TRANSPORTER.”
“Yes!” Mark cried excitedly, “It’s a computer game. I knew it! Dad’s only been pretending to work. He’s really been playing games instead!” A new message appeared on the screen:
“ENTER NAMES
VOYAGE １
VOYAGE ２
Mark’s finger flew across the keyboard as he typed in both of their names.
“INPUT ACCEPTED.
START
TRANSPORT
PROGRAM.
AUTO-RETRIEVE
INITIATED(自动回收程序已启动).”
The screen turn even brighter and a noise suddenly rose in volume.
“I think we’d better shut it off, Mark,” Jason yelled out in terror, reaching for the power switch. A beam(光束) of dazzling white light burst out of the computer screen, wrapping the boys in its glow(光芒)，until they themselves seemed to be glowing. Then it died down just as suddenly as it had burst into life. And the boys were no longer there. On the screen, the letters changed：
“TRANSPORT SUCCESSFUL．
DESTINATION:
MARS.
RETRIEVE DATE:
2025
26. Why did Mark touch the computer against his father’s warning?
A. He wanted to take a voyage.
B. He wanted to practice his skills.
C. He was so much attracted by it.
D. He was eager to do an experiment.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。由“But his curiosity was difficult to control and this new computer really puzzled him.”这一句“Mark的好奇心难以控制而且这部新电脑真的使他很困惑。”可知Mark被它深深吸引了。故选C。
27. Where did the boy’s father most likely work?
A. In an electronic factory.
B. In a computer company.
In a scientific research center.
D. In an information processing center.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。从第一段说Mark的目标是成为像他爸爸一样的科学家，以及第五段说电脑是从爸爸的实验室带回来的，可知爸爸是做科研工作的。后来电脑又把他们带到了火星可以推测他在科学研究中心工作。故选C。
28. Mark thought “SPACE TRANSPORTER” on the screen was the name of ________.
A. a computer game
B. a company website
C.a software producer
D. an astronomy program
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。由第六段“Yes!” Mark cried excitedly, “It’s a computer game. ”可知Mark以为这是电脑游戏的名字。故选A.
29. Why did Jason want to shut off the computer?
A. He was afraid of being scolded.
B. He didn’t like the loud noise and light.
C.He didn’t want to play games.
D. He was afraid something dangerous might happen
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。由“Jason yelled out in terror,”可知他很恐惧，是害怕危险会发生。故选D。
30. What happened to the boys at the end of the story?
A. They were blown into the air.
B. They were sent to another planet.
C.They were hidden in the strong light.
D. They were carried away to another country.
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。结尾说孩子们不在那里了，屏幕显示：输送成功。且有“DESTINATION:
MARS”得知他们被送往了火星。故选B。
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。2017届六校第二次联考
Every year many students went to the college bookstore to purchase the different textbooks that they need for their classes. Little do these students realize that, in doing so, they are throwing good money away. It may sound unbelievable but textbooks, in some cases, actually cost as much as, if not more than, college fees.
Many people think that college bookstores are the most convenient source for textbooks. Titles are usually kept and students may purchase new textbooks or choose to buy second-hand books and save money. But the money saved by purchasing second-hand textbooks from college bookstores is small compared to the amount they could save by shopping online.
More and more online booksellers have begun selling textbooks at heavily discounted prices. Online second-hand bookstores are another source for college books as they keep a large number of textbooks, which means sizable savings for students. Students should avoid purchasing their textbooks at the first store that they surf online since there are so many ‘unreal’ booksellers on the Net. Price isn't the only factor to consider when making an online purchase. Students should also consider shopping costs and delivery time when making their decision.
Online auctions(拍卖) are another option for students seeking a bargain. This option, however, has its pros and cons. A plus is that students can get incredibly cheap books. One problem is that while online bookstores have a system in place that ensure you receive your order within a reasonable amount of time, with an auction purchase, however, you
must depend on the auction seller's timetable.
One way that students can really save is by getting books for free. Project Gutenberg is one resource that English majors will find invaluable. Here students can legally download a huge collection of classic novels. In the past students needing help with their studies would often have to spend a lot of money buying expensive study guides. Today that is no longer the case. Cash-strapped students can now visit the website SparkNotes for free downloadable study guides as well as classics.
31. Which of the following is the best title of this passage?
A. Learning to Save on Textbooks B. Why Buy Textbooks
C.Online Shopping
D. Tips for Buying Secondhand Textbooks
【答案】A
【解析】本文主要讲在线购书比去学校书店买更节省。故选A.
32. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a source to obtain textbooks ?
A. College bookstores.
B. Online used bookstores.
Online auctions.
D. Second-hand bookstore centres.
【答案】D
【解析】第一段讲到A.College bookstores。第三段“Online second-hand bookstores are another source for college books …...”提到了B。第四段讲C.在线拍卖。但始终没提到D。
33. The underlined expression “pros and cons” (paragraph 4) is closest in meaning to __________.
A. professionals and conservatives
B. joy and sadness
advantages and disadvantages
D. processes and conditions
【答案】C
【解析】“pros and cons” 指“正反两方面”，即“优点和缺点”。与C意思相同。
34. According to the passage, Project Gutenberg is probably __________.
A. a government project aimed at helping English majors
B. a project to help poor students get free learning materials
C. a website for English majors to get the guides from language experts
D.a website for students to get free sources for English learning
【答案】D
【解析】文章最后一段“Project Gutenberg is one resource that English majors will find invaluable. Here students can legally download a huge collection of classic novels.”说明 “Project Gutenberg”是英语专业学生认为的资源，学生可以在这儿合法地下载大量经典小说收藏。因此它是一个学生可以为英语学习获取免费资源的网站。故选D。
35. From the passage, we can learn that__________.
A. the cost of textbooks in college is low compared to the amount spent on tuition
B. online auctions are perfect for students seeking text books
C. students should visit many websites before buying their books
D.students should consider shopping costs and delivery time above all else when making their buying decision
【答案】C
【解析】文章第一段“It may sound unbelievable but textbooks, in some cases, actually cost as much as, if not more than, college fees.”说明听起来可能难以置信，但在某些情况下，教科书的费用即使不比大学学费多，也是持平的。故A不对。文章第四段“Online auctions(拍卖) are another option for students seeking a bargain. This option, however, has its pros and cons.”说明在线拍卖也是有利有弊的，而不是完美的。故B错误。第三段“Price isn't the only factor to consider when making an online purchase. Students should also consider shopping costs and delivery time when making their decision.”说价格不是网购唯一考虑的因素，学生在做决定之前也要考虑购物成本和交货时间。能看出学生在作出购买决定之前应该首要考虑购物成本和交货时间，但不是首要考虑的。故D错误。第三段“Students should avoid purchasing their textbooks at the first store that they surf online since there are so many ‘unreal’ booksellers on the Net. ”说明学生应该避免在他们搜索到的第一个店购买教科书，因为网上有太多不真实的书商。所以在买书之前应该看许多网站，故C正确。