随堂训练
1. She was the first woman______to the board.
A. to be appointed
B. having been appointed
C. appointing
D. to appoint
【解析】选A。考查不定式作定语。句式sb. is/was the
first/second. . . 后加不定式作定语。appoint和句子主语she之间是被动关系, 故用不定式的被动式。
2. (2015·怀化二模)The boss left the meeting room angrily, ____he was strongly against the plan.
A. to meanB. meaning C. mean D. meant
【解析】选B。考查动词-ing作状语。句子主语boss和mean之间是主动关系, 故用动词-ing作伴随状语。
3. The new software Emperor’s One Day gives children the chance______life as a ruler.
A. experienced B. to experience
C. being experienced
D. having experienced
【解析】选B。考查动词不定式作定语。“给了孩子们一个机会去体验做统治者”。
4. Just as Oprah Winfrey puts it, ____thankful for what you have and you’ll end up having more.
A. be B. being
C. to be
D. having been
【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词的固定句式。“祈使句+and/or+一个常用一般将来时的句子”, 故选A。
5. Scientists say Typhoon Haiyan was one of the strongest storms on record ever ______ land.
A. striking B. struck
C. stricken
D. to strike
【解析】选D。考查不定式作定语。句意: 科学家们说台风海燕是有史以来最强的登陆台风之一。动词strike和storms之间是主动关系, 不定式作定语修饰带有形容词最高级的名词storms。
6. A new report says India reached 112 million Internet users in September, ____it the third largest Internet market worldwide.
A. making B. to make
C. made
D. having made
【解析】选A。考查动词-ing作状语。句意: 一份新报告说印度网络使用者在九月已达1. 12亿人, 使得印度成为全球第三大网络市场。动词-ing作结果状语, 表示一种自然而然的结果。
7. ____the safety of gas, the government has checked the city’s gas supply system thoroughly.
A. To ensure B. Ensuring
C. Having ensured
D. To have ensured
【解析】选A。考查动词不定式作状语。“为了确保天然气使用安全”, to ensure=in order to ensure, 在句中作目的状语。
【加固训练】
Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could______a good college.
A. enter B. to enter
C. entering
D. entered
【解析】选B。考查动词不定式作状语。此句为省略句, 即在could后省略了动词do, 若把句子补完整应为Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could do to enter a good college。即句中的不定式短语(to enter a good college)是用作目的状语的, 而不是与情态动词(could)一起构成谓语(易误选A)。
8. (2015·台州模拟)“It’s been a long holiday, so it’s normal enough not to remember what he had learned before that, ”Jessica said, ____her brother.
A. to defend
B. defended
C. having defended
D. defending
【解析】选D。句意: “假期很长, 因此记不住他在此之前学的内容很正常。”杰茜卡为她弟弟辩解说。Jessica与defend之间为主动关系, 故用动词-ing作伴随状语。
9. ____in the business world for three months, Dora got tired of it and decided to turn to teaching.
A. To work B. Working
C. Worked
D. Having worked
【解析】选D。考查动词-ing作状语。动词work和主语Dora之间是主动关系, 且work动作先于谓语动词get完成, 故用其完成式。
10. ____his accent, he is from the south of China.
A. Judged by B. Judged from
C. To be judged by
D. Judging from
【解析】选D。考查非谓语动词的固定形式。judging from/by. . . “由……判断”, 是一种固定搭配, 不受主被动关系影响。
11. (2015·益阳二模)I hold a strong belief that it’s good______a beautiful mind, but an even greater gift is to discover a beautiful heart.
A. having B. having had
C. to have
D. to having
【解析】选C。考查动词不定式作主语。在句式It is +adj. (+for sb. )+to do sth. 中, it是形式主语, 动词不定式是真正的主语。
12. The Chinese government is looking to push ahead with reforms through 2015, ____dealing with major structural challenges and economic reforms.
A. to focus on
B. focusing on
C. focused on
D. having focused on
【解析】选B。考查动词-ing作状语。句子主语government和focus on之间是主动关系, 故用动词-ing作伴随状语。
13. With so many plans______, I’m sure to have a tight but rewarding summer holiday.
A. carrying B. to carry out
C. carried
D. to be carried
【解析】选B。考查with复合结构。句意: 有很多计划要实施, 我相信将有一个充实而有意义的暑假。with+宾语+to do表示一个将来的动作。
【知识拓展】
with(或without)+名词/代词+动词不定式, 此时, 不定式表示将要发生的动作。
例如: With a lot of work to do, he wasn’t allowed to go out.
因为还有很多工作要做, 他没有被允许外出。(原因状语)
在此种结构中, 不论其中的名词/代词与不定式动词是主动关系还是被动关系, 一律要用不定式的主动形式。如上面例子中, work和do之间尽管是被动关系, 但也不用to be done而用to do。
14. Living in the dormitory means______to take care of yourself, understand each others’differences and share______interests.
A. to learn; common B. learning; common
C. to learn; ordinary
D. learning; ordinary
【解析】选B。考查动词-ing作宾语。mean doing sth. “意味着做某事”, 需用动词-ing作宾语; common interests“共同的兴趣”。
【加固训练】
He knows nothing about it, so he can’t help______any of your work.
A. doing B. to do
C. being doing D. to be done
【解析】选B。考查不定式作宾语。比较以下结构: can’t help to do sth. =不能帮助做某事, can’t help doing sth. =禁不住做某事, 情不自禁地做某事。此处要用不定式作宾语, 此题易误选A。
15. (2015·南开中学二模)To get the certificate, you must satisfy all the conditions______.
A. requiring B. required
C. to be required
D. being required
【解析】选B。考查过去分词作定语。require和conditions之间是被动关系, 故用过去分词作定语, 相当于which are required。
16. ____the program, they have to stay there for another two weeks.
A. Not having completed B. Not completed
C. Not completing
D. Having not completed
【解析】选A。考查动词-ing作状语。they和complete之间是主动关系, 且动作发生在have to stay之前, 故用其完成式。
17. —You look rather down today.
—______to board the 4: 20 flight, you know, I dared not close my eyes.
A. Having reminded B. Being reminded
C. Reminded
D. Reminding
【解析】选C。考查过去分词作状语。句子主语I和remind之间是被动关系, 故用过去分词, 相当于Because I was reminded to board. . . 。
18. Premier Li Keqiang delivered a speech at the conference, ____university graduates to start their own business.
A. encouraging B. to encourage
C. having encouraged
D. encouraged
【解析】选A。考查动词-ing作状语。句意: 李克强总理在会上发表讲话, 鼓励大学毕业生自主创业。动词-ing作伴随状语, 表示encourage动作与主语间是主动关系。