河南南乐县2017高考英语一轮阅读理解基础训练6
阅读理解2017·潍坊5月模拟“Oh，you must have been a spoiled (宠坏的) kid.You must be really bossy.I wonder what you’re going to be like to deal with？” That’s often the response Angela Hult gets when people find out she’s an only child，she told ABC News.Despite such negative (消极的) remarks，Hult has decided to have only one child herself.And she’s not alone.
According to the US’ Office for National Statistics，women approaching the end of their childbearing years had an average of 1.9 children in 2004，compared with 3.1 for their counterparts in 1976.The percentage of onechild families in Britain had risen from 18 percent in 1972 to 26 percent in 2007.
But even though only children are becoming increasingly common，the traditional view that they’re selfish，spoiled and lack social skills holds strong.Even parents of only children，like Hult，are made to feel guilty about having only one child.Worried that they’re being selfish and endangering their child’s future，they flock to online discussion forums seeking advice.Soon，however，they ask themselves：is this social prejudice really reasonable?
“There have been hundreds and hundreds of research studies that show that only children are no different from their peers (同龄人)，” Susan Newman，a social psychologist at Rutgers University in the US，told ABC News.
This raises another question：why are only children still viewed with such suspicion?
“There is a belief that’s been around probably since humans first existed that to have just one child is somehow dangerous，both for you and for the continuation of your race，” Toni Falbo，a professor of educational psychology，told the Guardian.“In the past a lot of children died.You’d have had to be crazy to only have one.”
Times，of course，have changed and infant mortality (婴儿死亡率) has largely reduced.So what do only children themselves say?
Kayley Kravitz，a blogger for The Huffington Post，grew up as an only child and highly recommends the experience.“Being an only child taught me the most valuable skill of all：the ability to be alone，” she said.
1．Which of the following could be the best title for the text?
A．Are only children lonely?
B．Are only children common?
C．Are only children dangerous?
D．Are only children different?
2．What does Susan Newman mean?
A． Only children are as good as their peers.
B．Only children are more selfish and spoiled.
C．Parents feel guilty about having only one child.
D．Parents will endanger their only child’s future.
3．What is the common belief since human existed?
A．The infant death rate always stays high.
B．People are crazy to have only one child.
C．It’s easy for only children to earn their living.
D．It’s hard to continue the family line with only one child.
4．An only child like Kayley________.
A．must be difficult to persuade
B．can possibly learn to be alone
C．should value special skills
D．need ignore bad experience
5．What’s the author’s attitude towards having only one child?
A．Neutral.B．Negative.
C．Positive.D．Doubtful.
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。尽管在英国越来越多的孩子都是独生子女，但很多人对独生子女的看法却依然如故，认为他们自私、娇气、缺少社交技能。对此，独生子女们有他们的看法。
1．解析： 标题概括题。本文主要讨论了独生子女是否就是英国传统观念中的自私、娇气，缺少社交技能的人，所以D项最适合做文章的标题，故选D。
答案： D
2．解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段Susan Newman所说的话可知，成百上千的研究表明独生子女和别的孩子没有什么区别，故选A。
答案： A
3．解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第六段中的“There is a belief that’s been around probably...both for you and for the continuation of your race”可知，自从人类存在以来，人们就认为只生一个孩子不论对你自己还是对种族的延续来说都是很危险的，故选D。
答案： D
4．解析： 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“Being an only child...the ability to be alone”可知，选B。
答案： B
5．解析： 观点态度题。文中提到不同人对于独生子女的不同观点，但并没有直接提到作者自己的看法，由此可知，应选A，中立的。
答案： A(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
(The Result of the Falling US Dollar) Like a ticking time bomb, the falling dollar has grabbed the attention of Japan and West Germany, forcing them to consider adopting economic polices the United States advocates. The U.S. government wants the dollar to fall because as the dollar declines in value against the yen and Deutsche mark, U.S. good becomes cheaper. U.S. companies then sell more at home and abroad, and U.S. trade deficit declines. Cries for trade protection abate, and the global free-trade system is preserved. Then, the cheaper dollar makes it cheaper for many foreign investors to snap up U.S. stocks. That prompts heavy buying from abroad—especially from Japan. Also, if the trade picture is improving, that means U.S. companies eventually will be more competitive. Consequently, many investors are buying shares of export-oriented U.S. companies in anticipation of better profits in the next year or so. But that is a rather faddish notion right now; if corporate earnings are disappointing in interest rates, the stock market rally could stall. Improving U.S. competitiveness means a decline in another’s competitiveness. Japan and West Germany are verging on recession. Their export-oriented economies are facing major problems. Japan is worried about the damage the strong yen will do to Japanese trade. West Germany is also worried. Share prices in Frankfurt plummeted this past week. Bonn is thought to be considering a cut in interest rates to boost its economy. Could the falling dollar get out of hand? If the dollar falls too far, investors might lose confidence in U.S. investments—especially the government bond market. The money to finance the federal budget and trade deficits could migrate elsewhere. Inflation could flare up, too, since Japanese and German manufacturers will eventually pass along price hikes—and U.S. companies might follow suit to increase their profit margins. The U.S. federal Reserve then might need to step in and stabilize the dollar by raising interest rates. And higher interest rates could cause the U.S. economy to slow down and end the Wall Street Rally. Worried about these side effects, Federal Reserve chairman Paul Volcher has said the dollar has fallen far enough. What is the equilibrium level? Probably near where it is or slightly lower. It all depends on when the U.S. trade deficit turns around or if investors defect from U.S. Treasury Bonds. “It requires a good deal of political patience on the part of the U.S. Congress,” says Dr. Cline, “And there must be an expectation of patience on the part of private investors. The chance are relatively good that we will avoid an investor break or panic.” 1. What is the main idea of this passage? [A]. The impression of the falling U.S. dollar. . The result of the U.S. falling dollar. [C]. The side effect of U.S. falling dollar. [D]. Japan and West Germany are worried about U.S. falling dollar. 2. What does the word “rally” mean. [A]. prosperity. . decline. [C]. richness. [D]. import. 3. Why are Japan and West Germany worried about the falling dollar? [A]. Because the falling dollar may cause inflation in their countries. . Because it may force them to sell a lot of U.S, stocks. [C]. Because it may do damage to their trade. [D]. Because it may make Japanese company less competitive. 4. If dollar-falling got out of hand, and the U.S. Federal Reserve might step in , what would happen? [A]. The prosperity of the U.S. economy would disappear. . The U.S. economy might face serious problems. [C]. Investors might lose confidence in U.S. investments. [D].Inflation could flare up. Vocabulary 1. ticking 滴答作响的 2. grab 抓住 3. abate 减弱 4. snap up 争购，抢购 5. heavy buying 大量买进 6. export-oriented 以出口为方向的 7. in anticipation of 期待，预期 8. faddish 一时流行的 9. spree 无节制的疯狂行为 10. buying spree 狂购乱买 11. plummet 垂直落下，骤然跌落，暴跌 12. stall 停滞 13. verge 处于……边缘 14. verging on recession
正处于衰退的边缘 15. boost
振兴，吹捧 16. bond market 债券市场 17. flare up
突然闪耀，发火，爆发 18. hike 提高，增加 19. follow suit 照着做，跟出同花色的牌 20. profit margin 利润幅度 21. step in 介入 22. rally 繁荣 23. equilibrium 平衡，均势 24. defect 逃跑，开小差 25. break or panic 崩溃或大恐慌 难句译注 1. cries for trade protection 贸易保护的呼声 2. the global free-trade system 全球自由贸易体系 3. that is a rather faddish notion right now 只是一时流行的概念 4. get out of hand 失控 5. What is the equilibrium level? Probably near where it is or slightly lower. 什么是平衡水平？可能是接近现在水平或者稍低一些。 6. trade deficit 贸易赤字，贸易逆差。 写作方法与文章大意 这是一篇论述“美元下跌的后果”的文章，采用对比，顺序，因果等写作。先提出问题：美元下跌，美国得利有二：一是（第一段）商品便宜，销售量大，赤字下降，全球自由贸易体系保住。二是（第二段）外国投资者会抢购美国股票。总之，美国竞争力加强。 这两段中都有对比。第一段美国和日本的对比，开头“就像滴答作响的定时炸弹，日见下跌的美元抓住了日本和西德的注意力，迫使他们考虑采取美国提出的经济政策。“第二段是美国本身之利弊对比。“……许多外国投资者抢购出口导向的美国股票，期望在下一年左右的时间里得到较多的利润。如果公司收益在今后几个季度里令人失望的话，这种买进古片的狂热行为就可能消失。最后，如果美元价格直线下跌导致利率上升，股票市场价格回升就会停顿。“ 后面两段是这两段负效应的进一步论证。 答案祥解 1. B. 美元下跌的结果。全篇文章都讲的美元下跌的后果。 A. 美元下跌的印象。 C. 美元下跌的副作用，均不对。 因为还讲述了有利的一面。 D. 日本的、西德担忧美元下跌，这只是其中的部分内容。 2. A. 繁荣。第五段“美元下跌是否会失控：如果美元下跌过多，投资者可能会失去对美国投资的信心，特别是对美国的债务市场。对联邦政府预算和贸易赤字提供的资金可能移向其它市场，因为日本和西德厂商最终会将上涨的价格转嫁出去，美国公司也可能这么做，以提高其市场利润幅度，从而使通货膨胀再次爆发。美国联邦储备委员会这时可能需要介入，提高利率来稳定美元。而较高利率会导致美国经济减慢，华尔街的繁荣行将结束。” B. 衰退。 C. 富有。 D. 出口，都不是rally之含义。 3. C. 因为下跌对他们贸易有损害。第三段“改善美国竞争力意味着其他国家的竞争力下降。”第四段，“日本和西德正濒于经济衰退的边缘。其出口导向的经济正在面临严重问题。日本担心由于日元坚挺而给其贸易带来损害，西德也在发愁。上个星期，法兰克福股市价格暴跌。据说，波恩已在考虑降低利率以振兴其经济。 A. 美元下跌会使他们国家通货膨胀。没有正式提到, 内涵只是贸易带来的其他具体问题。 B. 它可能迫使他们卖掉许多美国股票。 D. 这可能使日本竞争力下降。问题是提出两国，不单单是日本。 4. A. 美国经济繁荣消失，见第2题答案A的注释。 B. 美国经济可能面临严重问题。太笼统。 C. 投资者可能对在美国投资失去信心。这不是美国联邦储备委员会介入后发生之事。 D. 通货膨胀全面爆发。这也是介入之后果。
[文化教育型阅读理解]-----(一)
A practical English Grammar is intended for intermediate(中级的) and postintermediate students. We hope that more advanced learners and teachers will also find it useful.
The book is a comprehensive survey of structures and forms, written in clear modern English and illustrated with numerous examples. Areas of particular difficulty have been given special attention. Differences between conversational usage and strict grammatical forms are shown but the emphasis is on controversial forms.
In the fourth edition，the main changes are as follows.
1. Explanation and examples have been brought up to date.
2. There is now more information on countable and uncountable nouns, attributive and predicative adjectives, adverbs of place, sentence adverbs, cleft sentences, prepositions, conjunctives, modal verbs, perfect tenses, infinitive constructions, the passive, purpose clauses.
3. Some material has been rearranged to make comparisons easier. For example, parts of chapters on can, may, must, etc. are now grouped by functions; verbs of liking and preference have a chapter to themselves; suggestions and invitations have joined the chapter on commands, requests and advice.
4. The content list now summaries every edition heading, and there is a new index containing many more references.
In this edition the sign “～” is frequently used to show a change of speakers in examples of dialogues. Although the sign “＝” sometimes connects two words or expressions with the same meaning, it is often used more freely, e．g. to indicate a transformation from active to passive or direct to indirect speech.
We wish to thank all at Oxford University Press who have assisted in the preparation of the fourth edition. We would also like to thank Professor Egawa of Nihon University, Japan, Professor Rene Dirven of Duisburg University, Germany and other colleagues for their friendly and helpful suggestions.
London, November 1985
A．J.T., A．VM
1．The grammar book mentioned in this passage is not suitable for ________．
A．a middle school teacher
B．a primary school student
C．a senior high student
D．a college student
2．According to the passage, we know that his grammar book________．
A．compares modern English with old English
B．gives a large number of examples to reduce difficulty
C．attaches more importance to controversial forms
D．pays little attention to strict grammatical forms
3．Which of the following statements about the changes is TRUE?
A．This book keeps up with the latest usages of the American English language.
B．This edition offers more information about pronouns.
C．It's not easy for us to find the information we need in this book.
D．One particular chapter discusses verbs like “care, like, love, hate, prefer, wish”．
4．When you see this line in the book, “Did you get a ticket? ～Yes, I managed to get one.”， we can understand that ________．
A．the two parts before and after the sign “～” mean the same
B．the two parts before and after “～” are said by two different people
C．the second speaker repeats what the first speaker says
D．the topic is changed in the part after the sign “～”
5．In the last paragraph, the authors thank several people because________．
A．they have helped the authors with this edition
B．they have agreed to buy a lot of books from the authors
C．the authors want to make use of the fame of those people
D．those people will make advertisements for this book
(一)
【要点综述】 本文主要介绍了一本语法书的特点及对它的第四版的主要变化进行了介绍。
1．B 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“A practical English Grammar is intended for intermediate(中级的) and postintermediate students.”可知，语法书适合中级水平或者更高水平的学者，即不适用于小学生。故选B项。
2．C 细节理解题。根据第二段“Differences between conversational usage and strict grammatical forms are shown but the emphasis is on controversial forms.”可知，更加注重于有争议的形式。故选C项。
3．D 推理判断题。根据第三条的“…verbs of liking and preference have a chapter to themselves…”可知。故选D项。
4．B 细节理解题。从“In this edition the sign ‘～’ is frequently used to show a change of speakers in examples of dialogues.”可知，“～”表示两个不同的人在对话，所以前后两部分是不同的人说话的内容。故选B项。
5．A 细节理解题。从“We would also like to thank Professor…for their friendly and helpful suggestions.”可知，他们这些人都给作者们提供了好的建议和帮助。故选A项。