河南南乐县2017高考英语一轮阅读理解基础训练8
【2016高考训练题】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。
As with every other invasive（入侵的）species, introducing worms to an ecosystem（生态系统）that developed without them has an effect on everything that lives there.
This concern is very clear in the Great Lakes region. Non — native earthworms（蚯蚓）have been in North America for a couple hundred years, brought over from Europe with soils and plants. More recently, Asian species, sold as fishing bait（饵料）, have started to spread in the Great Lakes region, where there are no native earthworms.
In these earthworm-free forests, when leaves fall onto the forest floor and plants and animals die, they build up into what’s called the duff（腐殖质）layer. In this area, it was just bacteria that broke down the organic material for plants to consume and take up. Earthworms come in, they do their job and do it extremely well — they take that forest floor and turn it into the rich black soil you find in your garden.
That sounds great-but the local plants and animals in the Great Lakes region are used to living with the duff layer, not in the rich soil associated with earthworms. In addition, the rich top soil left by earthworms can wash out in a heavy rain. The differently produced soil is a problem as well. There’s a mat of fine roots in that duff layer-that’s where a lot of our native plants put their root system. When that duff is gone, it’s a lot harder for them to put their roots into the mineral（矿物质的）soil.
1. What is the author’s attitude towards the work of invasive earthworms ?
A. Supportive.
B. Worried.
C. Doubtful.
D. Respectful.
2. How does the Asian species affect the ecosystem of the Great Lakes Region?
A. By changing the soil.
B. By Killing the native species.
C. By eating the native plants.
D. By serving as fishing bait.
3. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about ________.
A. Asian earthworms’ work is helpful to the roots of the native plants.
B. The native plants have finally adapted to the rich black soil.
C. The Asian earthworms caused great problems for the local plants.
D. The local plants find it easy to put their roots into the mineral soil.
本文讲述了作为鱼饵被引入到美洲五大湖区的亚洲蚯蚓由于改变了当地的土壤环境，而影响当地植物的生长，破坏了生态环境。
. B.从开头作者就谈到把蚯蚓引到一个无蚯蚓生态区会对生活在那里的万物产生影响。第二段开头又提到。这种担心在五大湖区是显而易见的。因此作者字里行间流露出对亚洲蚯蚓带来的生态影响的担心。
. A.从第三段可知，在没有蚯蚓的森林中，落叶和动物尸体会堆积成腐殖层，它们是由细菌来分解成可供给植物来吸收的成分的。蚯蚓到来后，它们把地表的腐殖层(特点是:因为是落叶腐烂形成的，所以松软，植物容易扎根。)变成了肥沃的黑土，即第四段中所讲的the mineral soil(矿物质层)(特点是:因为被蚯蚓消化分解后的腐叶实质上已经变成了颗粒团状粪便，比腐殖质要有粘性，坚硬)，从第四段最后两句可知，而这使得习惯了在腐殖质土层植根的当地植物很难在矿物质土层中扎根，植物不能很好的生长了，自然会导致生态系统的破坏。
3. C.最后一段从腐殖质土壤被改变，新形成的矿物质土壤易流失，和当地植物很难在矿物质土层中扎根等三个方面论述了亚洲蚯蚓对五大湖区生态的影响。
(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
(Men Are Carrying on a Sex-fight) This is supposed to be an enlightened age, but you wouldn’t think of if you could heat what the average man thinks of the average woman/ Women won their independence years ago. After a long, bitter struggle, they now enjoy the same educational opportunities as men in most parts of the world. They have proved repeatedly that they are equal and often superior to men in almost every field. The hard-fought battle for recognition has been won, but it is by no means over. It is men, not women who still carry on the sex war because their attitude remains basically hostile. Even in the most progressive societies, women continue to be regarded as second-rate citizens. To hear some men talk, you’d think that women belonged to a different species! On the surface, the comments made by men about women’s abilities seem light-hearted. The same tired jokes about women drivers are repeated day in, day out. This apparent light-heartedness dose not conceal the real contempt that men feel for women. However much men sneer at women, their claims to superiority are not borne out by statistics. Let’s consider the matter of driving, for instance. We all know that women cause far fewer accidents than men. They are too conscientious and responsible to drive like maniacs. But this is a minor quibble. Women have succeeded in any job you care to name. As politicians, soldiers, doctors, factory-hands, university professors, farmers, company directors, lawyers, bus-conductors, scientists and presidents of countries they have often put men to shame. And we must remember that they frequently succeed brilliantly in all these fields in addition to bearing and rearing children. Yet men go on maintaining the fiction that there are many jobs women can’t don Top-level political negotiation between countries, business and banking are almost entirely controlled by men, who jealously guard their so-called ‘rights’. Even in otherwise enlightened places like Switzerland women haven’t even been given the cote. This situation is preposterous! The arguments that men put forward to exclude women from these fields are all too familiar. Women, they say, are unreliable and irrational. They depend too little on cool reasoning and too much on intuition and instinct to arrive at decisions. They are not even capable of thinking clearly. Yet when women prove their abilities, men refuse to acknowledge them and give them their due. So much for a man’s ability to think clearly! The truth is that men cling to their supremacy because of their basic inferiority complex. They shun real competition. They know in their hearts that women are superior and they are afraid of being beaten at their own game. One of the most important tasks in the world is to achieve peace between the nations. You can be sure that if women were allowed to sit round the conference table, they would succeed brilliantly, as they always do, there men have failed for centuries. Some things are too important to be left to men! 1. What does the first sentence imply? [A]. It is not really an enlightened age. . It is different from an enlightened age. [C]. It is the same as an enlightened age. [C]. It is like an enlightened age. 2. Why do men carry on the sex war against women? [A]. Because of their inferiority. . Because they shun real competition. [C]. Because of their claim to supremacy. [D]. Because they still look down upon women. 3. The “fiction” is closest in meaning to [A]. Novel. . Man-made idea. [C]. False idea. [D]. Story. 4. What is the main argument men have raised against women? [A]. Women are lack of cold reasoning. . They depend on intuition too much. [C]. They are unreliable and irrational. [C]. They are too still look down upon women. Vocabulary 1. conscientious 认真的，真心实意的 2. maniac 疯狂的，疯子 3. preposterous 反常的，荒谬的 4. quibble 狡辩，摸棱两可 难句译注 1. the inferiority complex 自卑情绪，指一种由自悲感引起的复杂心理状态，对应词是the superiority complex 自高情绪 2. So much for a man’s ability to think clearly! 这是对男人想清楚能力的讽刺，译文应根据上下文而定。上文说到“妇女甚至难以想得清楚。可是当妇女证明她们有此能力时，男人拒不承认。” [参考译文] 男人想清楚的能力可真大啊。 3. But this is a minor quibble. [参考译文] 这是一个小小的狡辩。 4. They have often put men to shame. [参考译文] 她们经常使男人无地自容。 写作方法与文章大意 文章论及“男人轻视妇女”的问题。采用对比因果的手法写作。先提出妇女经过艰苦卓绝的斗争，赢得了独立的胜利，得到了承认，可是斗争远没结束。因为男子继续在进行性别斗争。下面就从男女双方对比，也可以说，男方轻视妇女及其理由，女方据理反驳。最后作者指出男人轻视妇女的根本原因是他们的自卑情绪。 答案祥解 1. A. 这确实不是一个启蒙时代。（1）这是第一句话语气和言词传递出来的内容。“这个时代应该是一个启蒙时期，可是假如你听到男人怎么说女人的，你就不会这么认为。”（2）正篇文章也传递了这个信息。 B. 不同于启蒙时期。 C. 这时代跟启蒙时代一样。 D. 这时代象个启蒙时期。 这三项都不对。 2. C. 他们对至高无上权威的追求。答案在最后一段“事实是由于男人们基本的自卑情绪，他们追求至高无上的权威。他们躲避真正的竞争。他们心里明白妇女比他们优秀，因此他们害怕在他们自己的‘游戏’中失利。” A. 因为他们自卑。 B. 因为他们躲避真正的竞争。 D. 因为他们仍然轻视妇女。 3. C. 错误观点。Fiction本意为“虚构”，此处上下文决定此义：“可是男人们继续坚持这种错误的观点：有许多工作妇女干不了，两国高级政治谈判，商业和银行几乎全部为男人们所控制，他们忌妒地保卫着他们所谓的权利。” A. 小说。 D. 故事。 这是fiction两种基本含义，这里不对。 B. 人为思想。文中没有这种意义。 4. C. 他们不可信，不理智。答案见第三段“他们把妇女排除这些领域之外，所提出的论点是（众所周知）老调重弹。他们说妇女不可信，不理智。在做决定时，太依赖于直觉和本能。冷静得推理太少。” A. 他们缺少冷静的推理。 B. 他们太依赖于直觉，这两项只是本段中用以解释“不可信，不理智的。” D. 他们太认真。这是在第二段总提到的内容“我们都知道妇女引起的交通事故比男人少得多，她们非常认真负责不会像发疯似的开车。”
[人物型阅读理解]
Greg Woodburn，a student at the University of Southern California，spends a lot of time cleaning sneakers he collected.But soon the shoes will be sent to poor children in the United States and 20 other countries，thanks to Woodburn's Share Our Soles (S.O.S.) charity.
A high school track star in the town of Ventura，California，Woodburn was treated in hospital for months with knee and hip injuries.
“I started thinking about the health benefits，the friendship and the confidence I got from running，” he says.“And I realized there are children who don't even have shoes.”
Woodburn gathered up his old sneakers，then asked his friends to donate.His goal was to have 100 pairs by Christmas this year.When he collected more than 500 pairs，he decided to turn the shoe drive into a yearround endeavor.
Back then，the sneakers came from donation boxes at the YMCA and the local sporting goods store and from doortodoor pickups.Woodburn has now set up collection boxes at two high schools，city gym and recreation centre.He has started accepting adult sizes and sandals.So far，S.O.S has collected and donated more than 3，000 pairs.
Woodburn has cleaned all the shoes.After sorting the shoes by size，Woodburn selects the good shoes for the washing machine and the wornout ones for recycling.
To ship the footwear，Woodburn teamed with Sports Gift，a nonprofit organization that provides soccer and baseball equipment to children around the world.Keven Baxter，founder and president，says，“We'd send kids balls and shoes.I've heard that for many of these kids，these old sneakers are the only shoes they had.They wear them to school and to do sports.So Greg's running shoes were a nice addition for us.”
For many recipients，the shoes represent opportunity.Two young boys in Southern California attended school on alternate days because they shared a pair of shoes.They were too big for one boy and too small for the other.Thanks to S．O.S.，each brother received his own pair of shoes.The boys now attend school daily and enjoy their learning.When they graduate，they say，they will help a stranger，just as Woodburn helped them.
1．What caused Greg Woodburn to donate old shoes for poor children?
A．The benefits from playing sports.
B．News about some poor children.
C．His reflection to school life.
D．The medical treatment he received.
2.When collecting more sneakers than expected，Woodburn decided to
________
.
A．include adult sizes and sandals
B．set up branches in different cities
C．collect shoes throughout the year
D．expand his endeavor in the whole city
3.How did Woodburn manage to deliver the shoes collected?
A．By sending them by mail.
B．By working with Sports Gift.
C．By advertising for those in need.
D．By offering them from door to door.
4．What can we learn from Keven Baxter's remarks?
A．Sports Gift is popular around the world.
B．Many children need Greg's old sneakers.
C．Greg's running shoes are the best gifts for children.
D．International organization should provide more help.
5．Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A．An Organized Activity
B．Greg Woodburn's Life
C．How to Collect Sneakers
D．Recycled Sneakers Fit for Sharing
(三)
【要点综述】 本文主要讲述了一名大学生收集旧运动鞋，捐赠给贫困孩子的故事。
1．A 细节理解题。根据文章的第二、三段可知， Greg Woodburn是南加利福尼亚大学的一个在校田径明星。因膝盖和臂部受伤住院后，他开始反思体育给他带来的好处，他意识到很多孩子没有鞋子穿，于是他决定把穿过的旧鞋捐给他们。
2．C 细节理解题。根据文章的第四段可知，Woodburn本打算在今年圣诞节前收集到100双旧运动鞋，可是他收集到的旧鞋竟然超过了500双。于是他决定把收集旧鞋变成一项全年都要做的事情。
3．B 细节理解题。根据文章的第七段可知，为了运输那些收集来的旧鞋，Woodburn与一个名叫Sports Gift的慈善机构合作。Sports Gift是一个向世界各地的儿童供应足球和棒球设备的非盈利组织。
4．B 推理判断题。根据文章的第七段可知，Sports Gift的创始人Keven Baxter说，那些旧的运动鞋是一些贫困孩子仅有的鞋子。他们穿着它们上学和运动。可见，有很多贫困孩子需要Greg Woodburn捐赠来的旧鞋。
5．D 主旨大意题。本文介绍的是一名大学生收集旧运动鞋，捐赠给贫困孩子的故事，所以D项为最佳选项。
[广告型阅读理解]-----(一)
Honey Sweet Cake(Prep. Time: 12 mins.)
Ingredients
Strawberries in syrup(糖浆), 1 package(unfrozen)
Heavy cream, 1 cup
Corn flour, 2 tablespoons
Process
Mix the strawberries, cream and corn flour in a saucepan. Cook over medium heat for about 8～10 minutes, while constantly mixing until the mixture thickens. Remove from heat and refrigerate for two hours. Fill the frozen mixture in cake, and serve.
Rosy Cake(Prep. Time: 10 mins.)
Ingredients
Sugar,
cup
Water, 1 cup
Corn flour, 3 tablespoons
Strawberries, 2～3 cups
Process
Take a large saucepan and mix all the ingredients. Cook until the mixture thickens over medium heat. Let it cool naturally and completely. Fill up your cake with the mixture, and serve.
Triangle Sweet(Prep. Time: 15 mins.)
Ingredients
Sugar,
cup
Whipping cream,
cup
Unflavoured gelatin(明胶), 1 tablespoon
Cold water, 2 tablespoons
Boiled water, 3 tablespoons
Strawberries crushed, 2 cups
Process
Add sugar to the crushed strawberries and set them aside. In cold water, soften gelatin, and once it is softened, add boiling water. Stir(搅动) until the gelatin dissolves(溶解)．Add the dissolved gelatin mixture to the strawberries and let it cool. Now whip(搅打) the cream till it becomes stiff. When the strawberry mixture is of syrup thickness, add the whipped cream to it. Refrigerate until it sets. Fill it into your cake, and serve.
Flaming Maple(Prep. Time: 10 mins.)
Ingredients
Fresh lemon juice, 1 tablespoons
Honey, 2 tablespoons
Maple syrup, 2 tablespoons
Strawberries, ripe, 2 pints
Process
Make a fruit butter of half of the strawberries. Add honey, lemon juice, and maple syrup until it forms a smooth sauce. Add the remaining strawberries. Fill the mixture in the cake, and serve.
1.Which of the following ingredients (is) are used in all the recipes?
A．Heavy cream.
B．Sugar syrup.
C．Corn flour.
D．Strawberries.
2．Chefs needn't freeze the ingredients when preparing ________．
① Honey Sweet Cake
② Rosy Cake
③Triangle Sweet
④Flaming Maple
A．①②
B．②③
C．①④
D．②④
3．Which of the following is TRUE?
A．Triangle Sweet takes the longest time to prepare.
B．Strawberries used in the recipes aren't all fresh.
C．Most strawberries are used when making a Rosy Cake.
D．Honey Sweet Cake is the best choice for busy mothers.
4．In how many recipes should chefs thicken the mixture by heating?
A．Only one.
B．Two.
C．Three.
D．Four.
(一)
【要点综述】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四个食谱。
1．D 细节理解题。阅读文中四个食谱可知，只有strawberries均被用到。
2．D 细节理解题。根据第二个食谱和最后一个食谱的制作过程可知。
3．A 细节理解题。根据四个食谱中的Prep.Time可知A正确。
4．B 细节理解题。在制作Honey Sweet Cake和Rosy Cake时会加热汁液。