四川泸县2017高考英语阅读理解一轮基础练习1
2016高考英语阅读理解集训
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。India has a very vast history and heritage(遗产). The country has witnessed some of the most important events in the past and every event has an effect of its own on the culture, religion, lifestyle, and economy of the country. This is one of the leading reasons why tourists prefer India to travel and explore. Historical tours in India provide everything that a traveler expects from his/her journey. These historical tours give an opportunity to study and explore Indian history.
Historical tours of India generally consisted of four phases: ancient, medieval(中世纪的), modern India and contemporary（当代的）India. Some of the historical travel packages are:
Forts and Palaces
The rich cultural past of India is reflected in the countless forts（堡垒）and palaces across the country. Most of the forts were constructed as a defense device to keep the enemy away and palaces were made on the names of the kings and queens. Some of the famous forts and palaces are: Agra Fort (Agra), Fatehpur Sikri (Agra), Hawa Mahal (Jaipur), Amber Fort (Jaipur), City Palace (Jaipur), Gwalior Fort (Gwalior), Mysore Palace (Mysore), Red Fort (Delhi), etc.
India Heritage Tours
The main purpose of India Heritage tours is to make Indians as well as tourists familiar with the rich Indian legacy(遗产). The heritage of the country is at least 5000 years. Some of the heritage tours are: medieval heritage, Rajput heritage, Golden Triangle, splendid Gujarat, etc.
South India Historical Tours
The Southern India is known for its diversity and there are many places, whic(景区) in South India include Goa, Cochin, Kerala, Munnar, Periyar, Kottayam and the list goes on and on.
1．The main purpose of this passage is
.
A. to report some important events in the history of India
B. to introduce some tours that can explore the history of India
C. to help study the culture and history of India
D. to tell us how to explore the history of India
2．Many tourists prefer to travel to and explore because
.
A. modern India has little to study
B. Indian people have an interesting lifestyle
C. its culture is greatly influenced by its history
D. India’s history is longer than that of any other country
3．Most forts were built in order to
.
A. honor the kings
B. act as a palace for queens
C. keep enemies away
D. attract tourists
．According to the passage, Rajput heritage
.
A. is a famous fort in India
B. is one of the heritages in India
C. has a history of no more than 200 years
D. lies in South India试题分析：文章主要向读者介绍了印度历史文化之旅。印度有着丰富的历史文化遗产，过去发生的事件对印度的文化、宗教、生活方式和经济都有着很深远的影响。
．写作意图题。根据第一段“These historical tours give an opportunity to study and explore Indian history.”和第二段“Some of the historical travel packages are:”可知，文章主要介绍了一些与印度的历史有关的旅游项目，故选B。
．细节理解题。根据第一段“every event has an effect of its own on the culture, religion, lifestyle, and economy of the country. This is one of the leading reasons why tourists prefer India to travel and explore.”可知，过去发生的事件对印度的文化、宗教、生活方式和经济等产生了影响，这是人们喜欢到印度旅游的主要原因，故选C。
．细节理解题。根据第三段“Most of the forts were constructed as a defense device to keep the enemy away”可知，建造碉堡的目的是为了抵御敌人入侵，故选C。
．细节理解题。倒数第二段主要介绍的是印度的文化遗产，Rajput heritage是遗产之一，而不是碉堡，排除A；根据“The heritage of the country is at least 5000 years.”排除C；倒数第二段未提到印度南部，排除D；根据倒数第二段“Some of the heritage tours are: medieval heritage, Rajput heritage, Golden Triangle”可知，Rajput heritage是印度文化遗产游中的一个旅游项目，故选B。
考点：广告类短文阅读
(2017山东日照一模)No family is perfect-today or at any point in history.But some families get it right a lot more consistently than others.These families develop caring and understanding relationships.They work together,play together,and laugh together.They are united in purpose and in their commitment to one another.Family members support and encourage each other.Parents are devoted to the success of their marriage and family.In fact,these families create a loving family culture.
Other families are not so ideal. Members may neglect responsibilities,treat each other unkindly,reject and abandon promises,and engage in physically,emotionally or spiritually abusive behaviors.They may be manipulative (控制欲强的) and critical.Some members may abuse alcohol or other drugs.Family members who keep these destructive practices do so at great cost not only to themselves but to future generations as well.
Many people believe that those who grow up in a negative home environment will surely perpetuate the same patterns in their own families.To some extent,research supports these beliefs.For example,studies show a connection between child raising attitudes and behaviors among parents and those of their adult children.If a parent was divorced or less happy in his or her marriage,there is a greater tendency for children to follow suit.
The good news is that these findings tell only half the story. Other research shows that passing on negative family characters from generation to generation isn’t a final conclusion. Even if you grew up in a damaging home environment,you can choose different behaviors from those you experienced there. You can stop the negative patterns from flowing downstream to future generations. With education,focused effort,and help from others,you can choose to be a transitional (过渡的) character to change your family culture.
1.In the first two paragraphs,the author mainly .
A.tells us that no family is perfect
B.describes two types of families
C.shows us how family members should behave
D.shows his attitudes towards different families
2.All the following are characteristics of unhappy families except .
A.lack of sense of responsibility
B.abuse of alcohol or drugs
C.devotion to each other
D.dissatisfaction with each other
3.The underlined word “perpetuate” in Paragraph 3 means “ ”.
A.change B.keep C.destroy D.protect
4.The author suggests that .
A.we can do something to prevent the negative patterns passing on
B.we have to adjust ourselves to the negative patterns
C.it is rather difficult to get away from the negative patterns
D.it is not necessary to pay much attention to the negative patterns
5.What do you suppose the author will discuss next?()
A.The relationship between family members.
B.The importance of a happy family.
C.How to learn to be a good parent.
D.How to be a transitional character.
语篇解读:家庭大致分为两类,一类是和睦的家庭,家庭成员之间关系融洽,相互体贴;而另外一类家庭的情况则完全相反,家庭成员之间相互批评指责,互相刁难。研究表明,在第二种家庭中长大的孩子将来组建自己的家庭时,可能还会像现在的家庭一样不和睦。
答案及剖析:1.B 细节理解题。由文章内容可知,第一段讲的是和睦的家庭,第二段讲的是不和睦的家庭,即前两段描述的是两类家庭,故选B项。
2.C 细节理解题。由文章第二、三段可知,在第二类不和睦的家庭里,家庭成员之间互相批评和指责,很不和睦,不会为对方着想。由此可知,C项说法错误。
3.B 词义猜测题。由文章内容可知,生长在这种不和睦家庭中的孩子,将来组建自己的家庭时,可能还会保持同样不和睦的生活模式,并且一代代持续如此,故选B项。
4.A 推理判断题。由文章最后一段可知,作者建议通过下一代的主观努力改变这种不好的家庭模式和风格,以全新的方式生活,故A项正确。
5.D 推理判断题。根据文章最后一句可知,通过教育、重点努力和外来帮助,你可以选择培养一种过渡性格来改变家庭文化。很明显,这是承上启下句,下文详细论述的肯定是如何实现过渡性格的培养,故D项正确。
【疑难词汇解读】
1.critical adj.批评的;危险的;紧急的;爱挑剔的
He is a critical man and hard to get on with.
他是一个爱挑剔的人,并且很难相处。
2.tendency n.倾向,趋势
His health shows a tendency to improve.
他的健康有改善的趋向。
【长难句子分析】
即使你在一个具有破坏性的家庭环境长大,你也能选择不同于你所经历的那些行为。
2016高考英语阅读理解（社会生活、说理议论）【2016·浙江】A
“Did you hear what happened to Adam Last Friday?”Lindsey whipers to Tori.
With her eyes shining,tori brags，“You bet I did,Sean told me two days ago.”
Who are Lindsey and Tori talking about?It just happened to be yours truly,Adam Freedmam,I can tell you that what that what they are saying is (a) not nice and (b) not even true.Still,Lindsey and Tori aren’t very different from most students here at Linton Higt School,including me.Many of our conversations are gossip(闲话)。I have noticed three effects of gossip:it can hurt people,it can give gossipers a strange kind of satisfaction,and it can cause social pressures in a group.
An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about.Usually,gossip spreads information about a topic-breakups,trouble at home,even dropping out-that a person would rather keep secret.The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is,the juicier the gossip it makes.Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie.People ofen think of gossipers as harmless,but cruel lies can cause pain.
If we know that gossip can be harmful,then why do so many of us do it?Tht answer lies in another effect of gossip:the satisfaction it gives us.Sharing the latest rumor(传言)can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don’t.Similarly,hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the “in group.”In other words,gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority(优越感).
Gossip also can have a third effect:it strengthens unwritten,unspoken rules about how people should act.Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group.Translated into high school terms, this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said,then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention.The do’s and don’ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook.
The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation.The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news,thing about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story”might have.
41.The author uses a conversation at the beginning of the passage to .
A.introduce a topic
B.present an argument
C.describe the characters
D.clarify his writing purpose
42.An important negative effects of gossip is that it.
A.breaks up relationships
B.embarrasses the listener
C.spreads information around
D.causes unpleasant experiences
43.In the auther’s opinion,many people like to gossip because it.
A.gives them a feeling of pleasure
B.help them to make more friends
C.makes them better at telling stories
D.enables them to meet important people
44.Professor David Wilson think that gossip can .
A.provide students with written rules
B.help people watch their own behaviors
C.force school to impove student handbooks
D.attract the police’s attention to group behaviors
45.What advice does the author give in the passage?
A.Never become a gossiper
B.Stay away from gossipers
C.Don’t let gossip turn into lies
D.Think twice before you gossip.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了传言的危害和人们为什么喜欢传闲话。
41. 【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：根据文章第三段的Many of our conversations are gossip. （我们的话题很多都是闲话），可知开头的对话是为了介绍本文的主题， 故选A。
考点：考查推理判断。
42. 【答案】D
考点：考查细节理解。
43. 【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：根据文章第五段的The answer lies in another effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us,可知人们散播传言是因为它会带来满足感，故选A。
考点：考查细节理解。
44. 【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：根据文章第六段的Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviours in a group.可知，他认为传言能帮助人们观察自身的行为，故选B。
考点：考查细节理解。
45. 【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：根据文章最后一段的The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have. 可知，作者的建议是让人们在传言之前三思而后行。故选D。
考点：考查细节理解。
【方法点拨】
这是一篇议论文，题目设置以细节理解题为主。学生可以带着题目回到原文，能够在短文中画出解题依据是正确解题的关键，各位考生要谨记，在做阅读理解时要做到“不见依据不做题”。理由充分，依据凿实，这是不仅“知其然”，而且“知其所以然”的超高境界，是阅读水平提高的最大见证。那么如何能快速准确回到原文找到依据呢?
2. 自然段定位法。
即命题者往往按照信息点在文中出现的先后来依次命制各个小题，也就是说，各题的答案信息常常在短文中依次出现，排在后面的小题，文中对应的信息点也在后面。例如，第1题往往位于一、二自然段，第2题会在第1题的答案信息之后且与第一题的位置最接近，第3题会在第2题的答案信息之后，往往在文中较为中间的地方，而第4题则位于文中较后的位置。最后一题(偶尔可能是第一题)一般是主旨题(包括给文章加标题、归纳写作目的)，这时，可能涉及全文内容。如41题，题目问文章的开头的作用，自然定位到第一段的内容，结合下文可以快速解答。