四川泸县2017高考英语阅读理解一轮基础练习4
阅读理解(2017·山西高三上学期诊断)
Nearly two million drivers in the UK have had accidents due to “Baby on Board” signs and children’s toys that affect their view，according to alarming new research.One in 20 motorists says stickers and playtime paraphernalia (装备) are to blame for a collision—equivalent to 1.85 million of Britain’s 37 million drivers.The discovery triggered a warning by a road safety charity—Brake to cut down on clutter (杂乱的东西) in the car.
Deputy chief executive Julie Townsend said “Baby on Board” signs are very useful in alerting the emergency services that a child may be involved in case of a crash.“This help can become negative if drivers display signs when their child isn’t in the car，” she said.“Worse still is the danger that can be caused by drivers influencing their view by cluttering up (塞满) windows with lots of signs.Drivers’ priority should always be getting there safely without putting themselves，young passengers or other road users at risk.”
A survey arranged by price comparison website Confused.com found that 37 percent of parents have displayed signs and four out of five of them believe they improve safety.But 46 percent admit doing so at all times—regardless of whether or not their child is in the car—and 15 percent admit they only have them for their novelty (新奇) value.The poll of 2,000 drivers also found that 46 percent of drivers regard them as a risk and 33 percent say they are lacking in taste.
“There are benefits and dangers to ‘Baby on Board’ signs.They can offer useful information for medical aid in case of a crash but having too many novelty items displayed could be a safety issue，” said a Confused.com spokesman.
1．What do we learn about the signs on the car from Paragraph 1?
A．They can be dangerous.
B．They are useful to avoid accidents.
C．They are welcomed by passengers.
D．They are forbidden to be used.
2．What is Julie Townsend’s attitude towards the signs?
A．Positive. B．Negative.
C．Uninteresting.D．Objective.
3．According to the survey，most of the drivers who use the signs think that the signs________.
A．can improve safety
B．are unnecessary
C．can make drivers clear D．can kill time
4．What is the purpose of this text?
A．To solve a problem.
B．To describe a threat to traffic safety.
C．To tell an interesting story.
D．To persuade drivers to drive safely.
【参考答案】阅读理解
语篇解读： 本文主要介绍了英国最新的调查发现汽车车贴成为“马路杀手”的事实。
1．解析： 推理判断题。从文章第一段介绍的英国有将近200万名司机曾因车贴和儿童玩具发生过交通事故，到车贴和玩具会模糊司机的视线并且在每20位驾驶人员中就有一位表示车贴和娱乐设备会导致发生交通事故以及Brake提醒大家清理车里杂乱的物品可推知，它们可能是危险的。
答案： A
2．解析： 态度判断题。根据第二段中的“‘Baby on Board’ signs are...isn’t in the car”以及“Worse...or other road users at risk.”可知，Julie Townsend对车贴积极的一面以及消极的一面都做了客观的描述，由此可推知她的态度是客观的。
答案： D
3．解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“four out of five of them believe they improve safety”可知，大多数司机认为这能使行驶更安全。
答案： A
4．解析： 写作意图题。本文介绍了英国最新的调查发现汽车车贴成为“马路杀手”的事实，其目的就是告诉人们当前存在的一个交通安全隐患。
答案： B写人记事 (2017安徽合肥第一次质检)
My grandma whom we all called Nanny was a solid,first-generation,Italian immigrant.She came to this country with her family on a tiny ship during World War Ⅰ when she was only 8 years old.During the trip she survived stormy seas,little food,and an attack by a German U-boat.After getting here,her large family worked hard to build a new life in America.They never had much money but were rich in love.
One day,when I was about 5 or 6 years old,my parents and brothers went on a trip.It was just me and Nanny in the house for the weekend.Nanny seemed so happy to be taking care of me all by herself.She made me a special breakfast that first morning.However,all I could do was to complain about how the food was not how Mom always made it.Nanny quietly put down the plate and went into the living room.I followed a minute later and saw that she had tears in her eyes.It was the first time I had ever seen my strong and proud grandmother cry and I was the one who had caused it.
I walked over to Nanny,climbed on her lap,and for the first time in my short life I did something else too.I apologized without being told to and asked Nanny to forgive me.She smiled,rubbed my head,and told me I was a good boy even though I didn’t feel like one then.
That memory just like my Nanny’s love will stay in my heart forever.It is a sign of both strength and wisdom.Asking for forgiveness helps us to learn,to grow,and to love.
1.Nanny’s family immigrated to America mainly because .
A.they suffered starvation in their homeland
B.they wanted to start a rich life in the new land
C.they tried to get away from the terrible climate
D.their country was in war and they needed peace
2.The boy complained to Nanny that the food .
A.wasn’t cooked the way his mom did
B.was served a bit later than usual
C.was prepared in a special way
D.was just to his parents’taste
3.When seeing Nanny crying in the living room,the author felt .
A.surprised
B.ashamed
C.shocked
D.annoyed
4.The author mainly wants to tell us that .
A.forgiveness can be beneficial to people asking for it
B.hardships can make children more indifferent
C.grandparents are more tolerant than their grandchildren
D.family ties can sometimes be misused
语篇解读:在作者的心里,祖母一直是一个坚强、骄傲的人,但由于作者对祖母所做的饭菜抱怨而使老人落泪。作者发自内心的道歉使祖母破涕为笑,同时作者也深切体会到请求原谅的好处。
答案及剖析:1.D 推理判断题。由第一段的描述可知,祖母一家人离开自己的国家去美国是为了躲避战乱,寻找一个新的(不一定是富裕的)、和平的生活,故选D项。
2.A 细节理解题。由第二段的...all I could do was to complain about how the food was not how Mom always made it可知A项正确。
3.B 细节理解题。由第三段的I apologized without being told to and asked Nanny to forgive me可知,作者看到坚强的祖母哭了,深感内疚,故走过去向她道歉,故选B项。
4.A 推理判断题。作者通过讲述自己的一个经历,说明了请求原谅有利于一个人的学习、成长和学会有爱心,故选A项。
【长难句子分析】
,
and
她微笑着,抚摸着我的头,告诉我说我是个好孩子,即使那时我觉得我不是。
2016高考英语阅读理解（科普类说明文）【2015·新课标全国II】B
Your house may have an effect on your figure. Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off. you can make your environment work for you instead of against you. Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.
Open the curtains and turn up the lights. Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often less self-conscious(难为情) when they’re in poorly lit places – and so more likely to eat lots of food. If your home doesn’t have enough window light, get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.
Mind the colors. Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites. In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room. Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing, while cold colors make us less hungry. So when it’s time to repaint, go blue.
Don’t forget the clock – or the radio. People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里) per meal than those who rush through their meals. Begin keeping track of the time, and try to make dinner last at 30 minutes. And while you’re at it, actually sit down to eat. If you need some help slowing down, turning on relaxing music. It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.
Downsize the dishes. Big serving bowls and plants can easily makes us fat. We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12-inch plate instead of a 10-inch plate. When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one, total intake(摄入) jumps by 14 percent. And we’ll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short, wide glass than a tall, skinny glass.
25. The text is especially helpful for those who care about ____.
their home comforts
their body shape
house buying
healthy diets
26. A home environment in blue can help people ____.
digest food better
reduce food intake
burn more calories
regain their appetites
27. What are people advised to do at mealtimes?
Eat quickly.
Play fast music
Use smaller spoons
Turn down the lights
28.What can be a suitable title for the text?
Is Your House Making You Fat?
Ways of Serving Dinner
Effects of Self-Consciousness
Is Your Home Environment Relaxing?
【答案】
25. B
26. B
27.C
28.A
25. B推理判断题。根据全文第一段Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.可知，要让你的家的设计成为你减肥计划的一部分。所以这篇文章对那些在乎自己的体型的人更有帮助。故选B。
26.B 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句话In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.可知在蓝色的房间内人吃的食物相对在黄色或者红色房间少33%。暖色让人胃口大开，冷色让人感觉到不饿。故选B。
28.A主旨大意题。根据文章的开头Your house may have an effect on your figure. Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off. you can make your environment work for you instead of against you.可知，你的家居环境既可以让你变胖也会让你变瘦。本文非常适合那些想减肥的人士来阅读。所以选A可以更好地概括全文。
【考点定位】科普类短文阅读
【名师点睛】本文的结构清楚。主题句Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.在第一段，抓住就可以理清文章的脉络，接下来是4条建议，一段一条。题目中的第三题考查对文章的全面了解，并要求理解四个选项的意思才能做好。平时还应该多练习对文章结构的分析。
2016高考英语阅读理解（科普类说明文）【2015·新课标全国I】D
Conflict is on the menu tonight at the café La Chope. This evening, as on every Thursday night, psychologist Maud Lehanne is leading two of France’s favorite pastimes, coffee drinking and the “talking cure”. Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings. It isn’t always easy. They customers - some thirty Parisians who pay just under $2 (plus drinks) per session - care quick to intellectualize (高谈阔论)，slow to open up and connect. “You are forbidden to say ‘one feels,’ or ‘people think’,” Lehane told them. “Say ‘I think,’ ‘Think me’.”
A café society where no intellectualizing is allowed? It couldn’t seem more un-French. But Lehanne’s psychology café is about more than knowing oneself: It’s trying to help the city’s troubled neighborhood cafes. Over the years, Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle - longer working hours, a fast food boom and a younger generation’s desire to spend more time at home. Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation. Cafes focused around psychology, history, and engineering are catching on, filling tables well into the evening.
The city’s psychology cafes, which offer great comfort, are among the most popular places. Middle-aged homemakers, retirees, and the unemployed come to such cafes to talk about love, anger, and dreams with a psychologist. And they come to Lehanne’s group just to learn to say what they feel. “There’s a strong need in Paris for communication,” says Maurice Frisch, a cafe La Chope regular who works as a religious instructor in a nearby church. “People have few real friends. And they need to open up.” Lehanne says she’d like to see psychology cafes all over France. “If people had normal lives, these cafes wouldn’t exist”, she says, “If life weren’t a battle, people wouldn’t need a special place just to speak.” But them, it wouldn’t be France.
32.What are people encouraged to do at the cafe La Chope?
A. Learn a new subject
B. Keep in touch with friends.
C. Show off their knowledge.
D. Express their true feelings.
33. How are cafes affected by French lifestyle changes?
A. They are less frequently visited.
B. They stay open for longer hours.
C. They have bigger night crowds.
D. They start to serve fast food.
34. What are theme cafes expected to do?
A. Create more jobs.
B. Supply better drinks.
C. Save the cafe business.
D. Serve the neighborhood.
35. Why are psychology cafes becoming popular in Paris?
A. They bring people true friendship.
B. They give people spiritual support.
C. They help people realize their dreams.
D. They offer a platform for business links.
【答案】
32. D
33. A
34. C
35. B
34. C 推理判断题。根据第二段Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation.可以得出答案。故选C。
35. B 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一句话“If people had normal lives, these cafes would’t exist”, she says,”If life weren’t a battle, people wouln’t need a special place just to speak.” But them, it wouldn’t be France.可知心理咖啡馆在巴黎受欢迎的原因在于他们给予人们精神上的支持。故选B。
【考点定位】社会类短文阅读
【名师点睛】这是一篇社会类短文阅读。难度中等偏上，学生不易读懂。但是第32和33题均为考查细节理解题，问题设计比较简单，考生只需通过关键词定位即可得出答案。其中第34和35题需要在原文的内容的基础之上作出推理，才能判断出正确的答案。考生做此类阅读时要注意前后之间的联系与对比，选择答案时切不可以以偏概全。