四川泸县2017高考英语阅读理解一轮基础练习6
阅读理解 (2017·北京市朝阳区第一学期期末统一考试)
Mr Peter Johnson，aged twentythree，battled for half an hour to escape from his trapped car yesterday when it landed upside down in three feet of water.He took the only escape route—through the boot.
Mr Johnson’s car had ended up in a ditch (沟渠) at Romney Marsin，Kent after he lost proper control on ice and hit a bank.“Fortunately，the water began to come in only slowly，” Mr Johnson said.“I couldn’t force the doors open because they were jammed against the wails of the ditch and dared not open the windows because I knew water would come flooding in.”
Mr Johnson，a sweet salesman of Sitting Home，Kent，first tried to attract the attention of other motorists by sounding the horn (笛) and hammering on the roof and boot. Then he began his struggle to escape.
Later he said，“It was really a half penny that saved my life.It was the only coin I had in my pocket and I used it to unscrew the back seat to get into the boot.I hammered desperately with a hammer trying to make someone hear，but no help came.”
It took ten minutes to unscrew the seat，and a further five minutes to clear the sweet samples from the boot.Then Mr Johnson found a wrench (扳手) and began to work on the boot
lock.Fifteen minutes passed by.“It was the only chance I had.Finally_it_gave，but as soon as I moved the boot lid，the water and mud poured in.I forced the lid down into the mud and climbed
up clear as the car filled up.”
His hands and arms cut and bruised，Mr Johnson got to Beckett Farm nearby.Huddled in a
blanket，he said，“That thirty minutes seemed like hours.” Only the tips of the car wheels were
visible，police said last night.The vehicle had sunk into two feet of mud at the bottom of the
ditch.
1．Which of the following objects is the most important to Mr Johnson?
A．The hammer.B．The coin.
C．The seat.D．The horn.
2．We know from the passage that________.
A．Mr Johnson’s car stood on its boot as it fell down
B．Mr Johnson’s car accident was partly due to the slippery road
C．Mr Johnson struggled in the pouring mud as he unscrewed the back seat
D．Mr
Johnson could not escape from the door because it was full of sweet jam
3．“Finally it gave” in Paragraph 5 means that________.
A．at last the wrench went broken
B．the chance was lost at the last minute
C．the lock came open after all his efforts
D．luckily the door was torn away in the end
4．What is the best title for this newspaper article?
A．Driver Escapes through Car Boot
B．The Story of Mr Johnson，a Sweet Salesman
C．The Driver Survived a Terrible Car Accident
D．Car Boot Can Serve as the Best Escape Route
【参考答案】阅读理解
语篇解读 本文是一篇资讯报道。文章主要讲述了Mr Johnson在自己的车意外坠入三英尺深的沟渠后如何自救逃生的故事。
1．解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段Mr Johnson所说的话“It was really a half penny that saved my life.It was the only coin I had in my pocket”可知，是一枚硬币(coin)救了他的命，硬币对他极其重要。
答案： B2．解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Mr Johnson’s car had ended up in a ditch (沟渠) at Romney Marsin，Kent after he lost proper control on ice and hit a bank.”可推知，可能是由于路滑导致了这起事故。
答案： B
3．解析： 句意理解题。根据第五段第二句“Then Mr Johnson found a wrench (扳手) and began to work on the boot
lock.”可知，文中画线的it指的是“the boot lock”，此处指他打开了锁。
答案： C
4．解析： 标题概括题。根据对文章的整体理解和第一段的概述可知，本文主要讲的是一位司机在意外坠入三英尺深的沟渠后如何自救逃生的故事，故选A项。
答案： A
(2011天津十二区县重点学校毕业班联考)I can’t remember a winter being as cold as this in Pennsylvania,but I’m sure there were colder days.
Even though the daylight hours are growing longer minute by minute,it’s easy to find an excuse not to go out unless you absolutely must,but then again I often have to push myself to accomplish things.
People I speak to have been in all kinds of nasty moods.They say they’re “under the weather”,not feeling good about this time of year.
As I stood outside with my two dogs yesterday,it was so cold that my nose and face felt frozen and my ears were stinging.
Of course,that doesn’t matter to Ricky and Lucy.They have a routine they must go through to find just the fighting spot no matter how cold or hot it is.
So I wait.
But this time it was different.As cold it was,I suddenly was excited thinking about how wonderful this extreme cold really was.
Then the sun broke through the clouds and memories of summer’s extremely hot days flashed through my mind.I could remember standing in the heat of the afternoon,with sweat pouring down my brow and the hot,burning sun against my face.I reminded myself then and there that in the cold of the winter I would wish I had this heat.
I was grateful for them.Without the extremes in my life,I would never appreciate the days when things were just right.Without the extremes,life would be boring.
It’s being pushed to one of the extremes that makes us appreciate the middle more.Health challenges remind us that we need to pay more attention to how we live.Financial extremes remind us that when things go smoothly it’s also time to save for rainy days.
I’ve come to the conclusion that all too often I find a reason not to be happy with where I am at that moment.
Whether it’s hot or cold,good health or bad,in the money or out of it,I always wanted it to be different.
I’m tired of being “Under the Weather”!
18.What is the author’s attitude towards the extremes in life?()
A.Grateful. B.Critical.
C.Negative. D.Unconcerned.
19.That day the writer waited in the terrible cold because .
A.his dogs wanted to hunt
B.he wanted to face the cold bravely
C.his dogs had a routine
D.he wanted to be different
20.The underlined word “nasty” in the third paragraph can be replaced by .
A.unpleasant B.violent
C.favorable D.unusual
21.At last the author drew a conclusion that .
A.happiness cannot be gained by complaints
B.things will be different whatever the situation is
C.happiness will fail to come to you if you find a reason
D.he is disappointed with his present situation
语篇解读:无论身在何处,我总会找一个让自己不快乐的理由。不论是酷暑还是寒冬,健康还是疾病,富有还是贫穷,我总是想让自己的处境有所改变。但我将不再这样,我将为眼前的处境找一个开心的理由……
答案及剖析:18.A 细节理解题。由文章第九段可知,我为有像这样的时候而心存感激。生活中要是没有这样完全不同的时光,我就不会为不冷不热的好时光而心怀感恩。要是没有这样的日子,生活也许会无趣很多,故选A项。
19.C 细节理解题。由文章第五、六段提到”当然了,对于我的两条狗Ricky和Lucy来说,这种温度是小意思。它们还是按照以往的方式,无论天气有多么糟糕,只要找一个可以干上一架的地方就成。因此我静观其变”,故选C项。
20.A 词义猜测题。由下句They say they’re “under the weather”,not feeling good about this time of year.“他们说自己‘不舒服’,一年里,一到这个时候,就浑身不自在。”可推断答案为A项。 nasty令人厌恶的,令人不悦的。
21.B 推理判断题。由文章倒数第三段I’ve come to the conclusion that...以及下段可知,作者对自己时常过得不愉快的原因总结出了结论:不管天气太冷还是太热,身体健康还是不健康,阔绰富裕还是贫穷潦倒,遇到这些情况时,总想让处境有所改变。由此可推断出不管处于什么样的处境,都要为处境找一个开心的理由,那么自己的处境就会有所改变,故选B项。
【疑难词汇解读】
1.under the weather不舒服
You look a bit under the weather.
你看上去有点不舒服。
2.then and there当时当地;当场
He turned down their proposal then and there.
他当场就拒绝了他们的建议。
【长难句子分析】
昨天我和我的两只狗站在外面的时候,天是如此的冷,以至于我觉得我的鼻子和脸冻僵了,耳朵很痛。
2015高考英语阅读理解（社会生活、说理议论）【2015·安徽】E
Food serves as a form of communication in two fundamental ways. Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust. Food can also have a specific meaning, and play a significant role in a family or culture's celebrations or traditions. The foods we eat—and when and how we eat them—are often unique to a particular culture or may even differ between rural (农村的) and urban areas within one country.
Sharing bread, whether during a special occasion (时刻) or at the family dinner table, is a common symbol of togetherness. Many cultures also celebrate birthdays and marriages with cakes that are cut and shared among the guests. Early forms of cake were simply a kind of bread, so this tradition hits its roots in the custom of sharing bread.
Food also plays an important role in many New Year celebrations. In the southern United States, pieces of corn bread represent blocks of gold for prosperity (兴旺) in the New Year. In Greece, people share a special cake called vasilopita. A coin is put into the cake, which signifies (预示) success in the New Year for the person who receives it.
Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate the birth of a child, and food can play a significant role. In China, when a baby is one month old, families name and welcome their child in a celebration that includes giving red-colored eggs to guests. In many cultures, round foods such as grapes, bread, and moon cakes are eaten at welcome celebrations to represent family unity.
Nutrition is necessary for life, so it is not surprising that food is such an important part of different cultures around the world.
72. According to the passage, sharing bread______.
A. indicates a lack of food
B. can help to develop unity
C. is a custom unique to rural areas
D. has its roots in birthday celebrations
73. What does the coin in vasilopita signify for its receiver in the New Year?
A. Trust.
B. Success.
C. Health.
D. Togetherness.
74. The author explains the role of food in celebrations by______.
A. using examples
B. making comparisons
C. analyzing causes
D. describing processes
75. What is the passage mainly about?
A. The custom of sharing food.
B. The specific meaning of food.
C. The role of food in ceremonies.
D. The importance of food in culture.
【答案】
72. B
73. B
74. A
75. D
【解析】
试题分析：文章主要讲的是食物和文化的关系。不同的文化里包含着不同的饮食传统和庆祝方式。食物通过两种基本的方式在扮演着沟通的角色。
75. D 主旨大意题。根据第一段“and play a significant role in a family or culture's celebrations or traditions”和第四段“Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate”及最后一段“food is such an important part of different cultures around the world.”可知，文章主要讲的是食物在不同文化中的作用。
【考点定位】社会类短文阅读
【名师点睛】本篇题目的设置主要考查考生对细节的理解能力和对文章大意的把握。做细节理解题，需要快速从文章中到找有用的信息。第四题是主旨大意题，考生容易误选A项，A项太片面，它只是文章前两段所讲的内容。
2015高考英语阅读理解（社会生活、说理议论）【2015·湖南】A
Forget Cyclists, Pedestrians are Real Danger
We are having a debate about this topic. Here are some letters from our readers.
■Yes, many cyclists behave dangerously. Many drivers are disrespectful of cyclists. But pedestrians are probably the worse offenders.
People of all ages happily walk along the pavement with eyes and hands glued to the mobile phone, quite unaware of what is going on around them. They may even do the same thing while crossing a road at a pedestrian crossing or elsewhere. The rest of us have to evade (避让) them or just stand still to wait for the unavoidable collision.
The real problem is that some pedestrians seem to be, at least for the moment, in worlds of their own that are, to them, much more important than the welfare of others.
——Michael Horan
■I love the letter from Bob Brooks about cyclists (Viewpoints, May 29). I am afraid they seem to think they own the roads.
I was walking across Altrincham Road one morning when a cyclist went round me and on being asked what he was doing he shouted at me.
The government built a cycle lane on the road but it is hardly used.
The police do nothing. What a laugh they are!
The cyclists should all have to be made to use the cycle lanes and wear helmets, fluorescent (发荧光的) jacket and lights at night and in the morning they should pay some sort of tax and be fined for not wearing them.
——Carol Harvey
■Cyclists jump on and off pavements (which are meant for pedestrians), ride at speed along the pavements, and think they have a special right to go through traffic lights when they are on red.
I was almost knocked down recently by a cyclist riding on the pavement when there was a cycle lane right next to him.
Other road users, including horse riders, manage to obey the rules so why not cyclists?
It's about time they had to be registered and insured, so when they do hit a pedestrian or a vehicle, or cause an accident, at least they can be treated and there might be an opportunity to claim.
——JML
Write to Viewpoints of the newspaper.
56.Michael Horan wrote the letter mainly to show that _______.
A. drivers should be polite to cyclists
B. road accidents can actually be avoided
C. sine pedestrians are a threat to road safety
D. walking while using phones hurts one's eyes
57.Carol Harvey suggests that cyclists should _______.
A. be provided with enough roads
B. be asked to ride on their own lanes
C. be made to pay less tax for cycling
D. be fined for laughing at policemen
58.What is a complaint of JML?
A. Very few drivers are insured.
B. Cyclists ride fast on pavements.
C. Pedestrians go through red traffic lights.
D. Horse riders disrespect other road users.
59.The underlined word "they" in the third letter refers to ______.
A. accidents
B. vehicles
C. pedestrians
D. cyclists
60.The three letters present viewpoints on _______.
A. real source of road danger
B. ways to improve road facilities
C. measures to punish road offences
D. increased awareness of road rules
【答案】
56．C
57．B
58．B
59．D
60．A
59．D;细节推理题。最后一段说到：It’s about time they had to be registered and insured, so when they do hit a pedestrian or a vehicle, or cause an accident, at least they can be tranced and there might be an opportunity to claim.JML希望对自行车拥有者登记，当他们撞到行人或者车辆、制造出车祸的时候，他们能够被追查到，所以They在此指的是cyclists。故选D
60．A;主旨大意提。根据文章的标题和所有读者的来信不难发现这篇文章主要是围绕到底谁（自行车或者行人）才是道路安全存在的隐患。故选A
【考点定位】社会现象类短文阅读。