四川泸县2017高考英语阅读理解一轮基础练习7
【2016模拟题】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。 (2015·青岛市二模)
I was sure that I was to be killed. I became terribly nervous. I fumbled(摸索) in my pockets to see if there were any cigarettes, which had escaped their search. I found one and because of my shaking hands, I could barely get it to my lips. But I had no matches; they had taken those. I looked through the bars at the guard. He did not make eye contact with me. I called out to him “Have you got a light？” He looked at me, shrugged and came over to light my cigarette. As he came close and lit the match, his eyes unconsciously locked with mine. At that moment, I smiled. I don't know why I did that. Perhaps it was nervousness; perhaps it was because, when you get very close, one to another, it is very hard not to smile. In any case, I smiled. In that instant, it was as though a spark jumped across the gap between our two hearts, our two human souls. I know he didn't want to, but my smile leaped through the bars and caused a smile on his lips, too. He lit my cigarette but stayed near, looking at me directly in the eyes and continuing to smile.
I kept smiling at him, now thinking of him as a person and not just a guard. “Do you have kids？” he asked. “Yes, here, here.” I took out my wallet and nervously fumbled for the pictures of my family. He, too, took out the pictures of his family and began to talk about his plans and hopes for them. My eyes filled with tears. I said that I feared that I'd never see my family again, never have the chance to see them grow up. Tears came to his eyes, too. Suddenly, without another word, he unlocked my cell and silently led me out. Out of the prison, quietly and by back routes, out of the town. There, at the edge of town, he released me. And without another word, he turned back toward the town.
文章大意：《微笑》是法国作家安东尼·圣艾修伯里的作品，圣艾修伯里是名飞行员，二次大战对抗纳粹时被击落身亡，之前他也曾参加西班牙内战打击法西斯分子。他根据这次经验写了一篇精彩的故事——《微笑》。该篇短文就是节选自《微笑》中的一部分。这篇故事告诉我们微笑能改变人生，善待身边的每一个人，微笑会带来无穷的回报。
1．What had happened to the man before?
A．He had been badly treated.
B．He had killed someone.
C．He had been searched.
D．He had been forbidden to get in touch with anyone.
答案：C 细节理解题。根据题干关键词中的before找到文章对应段落是文章第一段中的第三句话I fumbled(摸索) in my pockets to see if there were any cigarettes, which had escaped their search中的关键词search可推断the man刚刚被搜查过。故选C。
2．Why did the man want to smoke cigarettes?
A．Because he was sure he was to be killed.
B．Because he wanted to ease his nervousness.
C．Because he wanted to talk to the guard.
D．Because he was used to smoking cigarettes.
答案：B 推理判断题。根据题干关键词why，smoke找到文章的对应段落是第一段，其中的第二句话I became terribly nervous可推断他想抽烟就为因为想平静自己的紧张心情。故选B。
3．Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A．The man was a heavy smoker.
B．The man smiled to please the guard.
C．The guard set the man free with permission.
D．The man hadn't thought the guard would set him free.
答案：D 推理判断题。A项这位男士是一名烟瘾很大的人；B项这位男士微笑是为了取悦卫兵；C项卫兵在许可之下释放了这位男士；D项这位男士没想到卫兵会释放了他。根据文章第一段的At that moment, I smiled. I don't know why I did that排除B；根据文章第一段的前半部分判断这位男士不是一个烟瘾很大的人，故排除A；根据文章第二段的最后四句话可排除C；通读全文可知这位男士怎么也没有想到是因为自己的微笑让卫兵释放了他。故选D。
4．What do you think finally saved the man's life?
A．The smile.B．The cigarette.
C．The tears. D．The wallet.
答案：A 推理判断题。The smile微笑；The cigarette香烟；The tears眼泪；The wallet票夹。根据题干关键词what，saved the man's life，通读全文可知这位男士仅仅是因为对士兵的微笑而消除了对方对自己的警戒，又通过交流感情，而获得释放。故选A。
(2011山东烟台高三调研)Jeffrey Bezos,the founder,president and chairman of the board of Amazon.com,was born in Albuquerque,New Mexico.His mother’s ancestors were early settlers in Texas,and over the generations had acquired a 25,000-acre farm at Cotulla.Jeffrey spent most summers of his youth working with his grandfather on their farm.
Jeffrey showed intense and varied scientific interests at an early age.He set up an electric alarm to keep his younger sisters and brothers out of his room and changed his parents’ garage into a laboratory for his science projects.
After he graduated from Princeton University with a degree in computer science and electrical engineering,Jeffrey Bezos found employment on Wall Street,where computer science was increasingly in demand to study market trends.He rose quickly,becoming a senior vice president,and looked forward to a bright career in finance,when he made a discovery that changed his life,and the course of business history.
In 1994,there was still no Internet commerce to speak of.One day that spring,Jeffrey Bezos observed that Internet usage was increasing by 2,300 percent a year.He saw an opportunity for a new circle of commerce,and immediately began considering the possibilities.
Bezos founded Amazon.com in 1994,setting up the original company in his garage.The company was called Amazon for the seemingly endless South American river with its numberless branches.It started as an online bookstore but soon diversified (多样化) to all kinds of products.His work with Amazon eventually led him to become one of the most excellent dot-com entrepreneurs (企业家).He was named Time magazine’s Person of the Year in 1999.In 2008,he was selected by U.S.News & World Report as one of America’s Best Leaders.Bezos’ Amazon has become “the Earth’s biggest anything store”.Amazon.com is now called “one of the smartest strategies in business history”.
Today,Jeffrey Bezos lives north of Seattle and is increasingly concerned with charity (慈善) activities.“Giving away money takes as much attention as building a successful company,”he has said.
1.In his childhood,Bezos .
A.had to work with parents on their farm all day long
B.showed great interest in science
C.didn’t get along well with his brothers and sisters
D.wanted to become a businessman
2.Jeffrey changed the course of business history because he .
A.rose quickly,looking forward to a bright career in finance on Wall Street
B.observed the Internet usage was increasing by 2,300% a year
C.founded a new form of commerce that developed fast later
D.was the first to speak of Internet commerce
3.Bezos named his company Amazon with the aim of .
A.opening numberless branches all over the world
B.living a quiet life along the Amazon River
C.earning endless money and being wealthy
D.wishing his company to run smoothly and endlessly
4.Which of the following isn’t mentioned in the passage?()
A.How hard Bezos studied physics in Princeton University.
B.“Amazon.com” only sold books in the beginning.
C.Bezos not only devoted his life to Internet commerce but also to charity.
D.The reason why Jeffrey Bezos decided to found Amazon.com.
5.It can be inferred from the passage that .
A.it was Bezos’s grandfather on the farm who helped him a lot
B.Bezos invented e-commerce to win the world fame overnight
C.Bezos is aiming at being “the Earth’s biggest bookstore”
D.Bezos has a sharp business mind and a kind heart
语篇解读:本文是一篇介绍人物的文章。介绍的是Amazon公司创始人Jeffrey Bezos的一生。
答案及剖析:1.B 事实细节题。第二段介绍了他的童年时代,因此,本题答案应在第二段。由第一句:“Jeffrey showed intense and varied scientific interests at an early age.”可知,他在很小的时候就对科学表现出了浓厚的兴趣。因此答案为B。
2.C 推理判断题。第三段提到“...looked forward to a bright career in finance,when he made a discovery that changed his life,and the course of business history.”下文提到他注意到了因特网商业的巨大商机并创办了Amazon公司,以及第五段最后一句可知他改变了商业历史的进程是因为他创建了一种快速发展的新型商业模式。
3.D 推理判断题。由第五段第二句可知他用有许多河流分支似乎无尽头的河流名称来命名公司,是希望他的公司能够顺利而且永无止境地运转,故答案为D。
4.A 事实细节题。文章第三段第一句谈及他在普林斯顿大学毕业并取得计算机和电气工程的学位,但并没提及他攻读物理的刻苦程度,因此答案为A。选项B在第五段第三句“It started as an online bookstore...”提到;C项在最后一段尤其最后一句“Giving away money takes as much attention as building a successful company”中提及;D项创建Amazon公司的原因在第四段最后一句进行了阐述。
5.D 推理判断题。从文章的整体内容可知,从小就对科学充满了浓厚的兴趣,而后及时捕捉到了因特网商业中的巨大商机,成立了Amazon公司,之后又积极投入到慈善事业中,由此可推断出他具有敏锐的商业头脑和一颗善良的心,即答案为D。
【疑难词汇解读】
1.intense adj. 强烈的,极度的
The fracture caused him intense pain.
骨折给他造成了剧烈的疼痛。
2.commerce n. 商业、交易、贸易
Our overseas commerce has increased a great deal.
我们的海外贸易已大大增加。
【长难句子分析】
,
当他在普林斯顿大学拿到计算机和电气工程学位毕业之后,杰夫·贝佐斯就职于华尔街,在那里研究市场趋势的计算机科学需求量很大。
2016高考英语阅读理解（科普类说明文）【2015·四川】E
No one is sure how the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids near Cairo. But a new study suggests they used a little rock‘n’roll. Long-ago builders could have attached wooden pole s to the stones and rolled then across the sand, the scientists say.
“Technically, I think what they’re proposing is possible,” physicist Daniel Bonn said.
People have long puzzled over how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks. And there’s no obvious answer. On average, each of the two million big stones weighed about as much as a large pickup truck. The Egyptians somehow moved the stone blocks to the pyramid site from about one kilometer away.
The most popular view is that Egyptian workers slid the blocks along smooth paths. Many scientists suspect workers first would have put the blocks on sleds(滑板). Then they would have dragged them along paths. To make the work easier, workers may have lubricated the paths either with wet clay or with the fat from cattle. Bonn has now tested this idea by building small sleds and dragging heavy objects over sand.
Evidence from the sand supports this idea. Researchers found small amounts of fat, as well as a large amount of stone and the remains of paths.
However, physicist Joseph West thinks there might have been a simpler way , who led the new study . West said , “I was inspired while watching a television program showing how sleds might have helped with pyramid construction . I thought , ‘Why don’t they just try rolling the things?’“A square could be turned into a rough sort of wheel by attaching wooden poles to its sides , he realized . That , he notes , should make a block of stone” a lot easier to roll than a square”.
So he tried it.
He and his students tied some poles to each of four sides of a 30-kilogram stone block. That action turned the block into somewhat a wheel. Then they placed the block on the ground.
They wrapped one end of a rope around the block and pulled. The researchers found they could easily roll the block along different kinds of paths. They calculated that rolling the block required about as much force as moving it along a slippery(滑的)path.
West hasn’t tested his idea on larger blocks, but he thinks rolling has clear advantages over sliding. At least, workers wouldn’t have needed to carry cattle fat or water to smooth the paths.
46.It’s widely believed that the stone blocks were moved to the pyramid site by ______.
A. rolling them on roads
B. pushing them over the sand
C. sliding them on smooth paths
D. dragging them on some poles
47.The underlined part “lubricated the paths” in Paragraph 4 means____.
A. made the path wet
B. made the path hard
C. made the path wide
D. made the path slippery
48.What does the underlined word “it”in Paragraph 7 refer to?
A. Rolling the blocks with poles attached.
B. Rolling the blocks on wooden wheels.
C. Rolling poles to move the blocks.
D. Rolling the blocks with fat.
49.Why is rolling better than sliding according to West ?
A. Because more force is needed for sliding.
B. Because rolling work can be done by fewer cattle.
C. Because sliding on smooth road is more dangerous.
D. Because less preparation on path is needed for rolling.
50.What is the text mainly about ?
A. An experiment on ways of moving blocks to the pyramid site.
B. An application of the method of moving blocks to the pyramid site.
C. An argument about different methods of moving blocks to the pyramid site.
D. An introduction to a possible new way of moving blocks to the pyramid site.
【解析】
试题分析：本文主要讲述的是关于金字塔的建造，不同的专家有着不同的见解。这篇文章主要讲述了两种看法。
46.C 细节理解题。根据文章第四段的The most popular view is that Egyptian workers slid the blocks along smooth paths.可知选择C。
47.D 词义猜测题。根据第四段的To make the work easier,以及下文的either with wet clay or with the fat from cattle.可知，这样做是为了让路更加平滑，故选择D。
【考点定位】考查说明文阅读
【名师点睛】本篇文章考查了科普说明文的阅读。科普说明文是高考阅读理解中的重点与难点。在阅读此类文章时，考生会觉得篇幅长、生词多、逻辑性强、长句多、话题陌生且枯燥，表达方式专业化。因此，要求考生要掌握相对的解题技巧与能力。设题时，常会考查生词词义判断题，如要求考生从上下文理解中概括出生词词义。以及代词指代判断题，如，此类试题常以it、them等代词为命题特色，要求考生推断其指代对象。通常在上文出现。