2017高考英语阅读理解解析版汇编（14）
（2016高考训练）阅读下列材料，从每题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。SHANGHAI—Health experts in Shanghai are calling for more protection for young children as the latest research shows about half of the youngsters are suffering from secondhand smoke.About 45 percent of children suffer passive smoking in families，50
percent in public places，and almost 6 percent on public transportation，shows a research released by the Shanghai Children's Medical Center on Tuesday.
“Not only adults but also children and newborn babies are at risk for the adverse effects of passive smoking, ”said Tang Jingyan, a doctor at the Shanghai Children's Medical Center.“Actually, those young children whose bodies are still growing and developing are more sensitive to the effects of secondhand smoke.”
Research has shown that children who are exposed to secondhand smoke will suffer from more colds, coughs and sore throats，and they are more likely to suffer from bronchitis, pneumonia and will have a higher risk of developing cancer.Doctors even suggested that children suffering passive smoking are more likely to have behavioral problems and may not developmentally as quickly as their peers.Other research by the Shanghai Children's Medical Center has found that more than 80 percent of child patients in the center live in a smoke filled household, where one or both parents smoke.
“Though doctors have stressed the harm of passive smoking over and over, it is still hard to reach a totally smoke free home, ”said a pediatrician named Zhang Yiwen, noting that parents are often tempted to smoke even though they have learned the harmful effects of secondhand smoke.
China has 540 million people suffering from passive smoke，180 million of them younger than 15.The age of smokers is also getting lower, earlier reports said.
“There are more young smokers than before.You can see young people wearing a school uniform and carrying a schoolbag light a cigarette on the street.Some of them are even female students, ”said Jing Xingming, a professor of children's developmental behavior at the center.“Children like to imitate adults, especially their parents.If parents often smoke at home, it is very likely children will develop a smoking habit, which can cause a vicious circle，”Jin said.
Reports from the Ministry of Health said China has about 350 million smokers, of whom 15 million are underage smokers.Also, around 40 million of the country's 130 million children aged between 13 and 18 had tried smoking, and 15 million had become addicted to tobacco.
【语篇解读】 本文主要说明了许多儿童目前受二手烟的影响，以及二手烟对儿童产生的危害。
1．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．About half of the youngsters are suffering from secondhand smoke.
B．Experts are calling for more protection for youngsters from smoking.
C．More and more youngsters are picking up the habit of smoking.
D．Smoking does great harm to the health of the youngsters.
答案 B [主旨大意题。根据文章大意，文章先说明了许多儿童目前受二手烟的影响，后文又说明了二手烟对儿童的危害，所以文章主要说明的其实是呼吁保护孩子们免受二手烟影响，故选B。]
．Which youngsters most possibly develop a habit of smoking?
A．Children of nonsmoking mothers.
B．Children of nonsmoking fathers.
C．Children of heavy smokers.
D．Children from some smoking centers.
答案 C [细节理解题。根据文中第六段倒数第一句“if parents often smoke at home，it is vey likely children will develop a smoking habit”可知，
如果父母经常在家吸烟，孩子就更可能养成吸烟的习惯，故选C。]
．Which of the following diseases may NOT be connected with secondhand smoking?
A．Cancer.
B．Behavioral problems.
C．Sore throats.
D．Coughs.
答案 B [细节理解题。根据文中第三段第一句话“Research has shown...more colds，coughs, and sore throats and they...will have a higher risk of developing cancer”可知A、C、D均与二手烟有关，故选B。]
．The underlined word “vicious” in the sixth paragraph most probably means ________．
A．complete
B．simple
C．great
D．bad
答案 D [词义猜测题。根据单词所在句句意“如果父母经常在家吸烟，孩子就更可能养成吸烟的习惯”而吸烟是一种不良习惯，所以这种循环应该是一种恶性循环，故选D。]
5．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．About 80 percent of the children in the Shanghai Children's Medical Center smoke heavily.
B．About 45 percent of children suffer passive smoking in the Shanghai Children's Medical Center.
C．About 540 million people are heavy smokers in China.
D．Children aged between 13 to 18 are more likely addicted to smoking.
答案 D [推理判断题。根据文章倒数第一段第二句可知“around 40 million of the country's 130 million children aged between 13 and 18 had tried smoking，and 15 million had become addicted to tobacco”可知13到18岁的儿童更容易对吸烟上瘾，故D。文中第一段的数据只是由Children's Medical Center调查研究提供的，是对整个城市的一个普遍调查，不是在这个中心内的，故A、B项错误，根据文中倒数第三段第一句可知54 000万人是间接吸烟者，并不是吸烟的人，故C项错误。]
阅读下列材料，从每题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。The best antistress(抗紧张) medicine we have may be right under your nose! Think you know how to do it? Try this simple test: sit or stand wherever you are and take a deep breath，then let it out.What expanded more as you breathed in，your chest or your abdomen(腹部)? If the answer is your chest，you're like most people and you're doing it wrong.Take another deep breath and keep reading.
The technique is so powerful that physician James Gordon，director of the Centre for Mind－Body Medicine in Washington，teaches it to nearly every patient he sees.
“Slow，deep breathing is probably the only best antistress medicine we have，” says Gordon，“When you bring air down into the lower part of the lungs，where oxygen exchange is most efficient，everything changes.Heart rate slows，blood pressure decrease，muscles relax，anxiety ceases and the mind calms.”
Obviously，everyone alive knows how to breathe.But Gordon and other experts in the field of mindbody medicine say that few people in industrialized societies know how to breathe correctly.They are taught to suck in their guts(内脏) and puff out(鼓起) their chests.At the same time，they are attacked with constant stress，which causes heart rate to increase.As a result，they become shallow “chest breathers”，using primarily the middle and upper parts of the lungs.Few people—other than musicians，singers and some athletes are even aware that the abdomen should expand when they breathe in.
“Watch a baby breathe，” says Gordon，“and you'll see the abdomen go up and down，deep and slow.” With age，most people change from this healthy abdominal breathing into shallow chest breathing.
At Duke University Medical Centre，Dr.Jon Seskevich has taught abdominal breathing to most of the 18，000 patients he's worked with since 1990.
One of his most dramatic cases involved a lung－cancer patient.“I walked into the room to find this large man actually fighting for breath，” Seskevich recalls.“I had him sit back in his chair and place his feet on the ground.I then asked if it was OK if I touched his abdomen.He nodded，so I put my hand on and told him to breathe softly into my hand，to let his abdomen rise into my hand.”
After about six minutes of this，he was breathing comfortably.“All day，people were telling him to relax，” says Seskevich，“and it seemed to make his struggle worse.I just told him to breathe into his abdomen.We didn't cure his cancer，but we may have saved him a trip to the intensive－care unit.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。正确的呼吸方式有助于减轻我们的压力，而抗紧张最好的药就是慢慢地深呼吸，但是很少有人知道如何正确呼吸及正确呼吸的重要性。
．According to the Centre for Mind－Body Medicine in Washington，the best medicine for antistress is ________．
A．shallow chestbreathing
B．operation treatment
C．slow，deep breathing
D．enough physical exercise
答案 C [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Slowdeep breathing is probably the only best antistress medicine we have”可知，抗紧张最好的药就是慢慢地深呼吸。故选C。]
．What do you know about most people's breath in industrialized societies?
A．They breathe with the middle and upper parts of the lungs.
B．They become deep breathers，using the lower parts of the lungs.
C．They expand their abdomens when they breathe in.
D．They have their abdomens go up and down while breathing.
答案 A [细节理解题。根据第四段倒数第二句“As a result，they become shallow‘chest breathers’，using primarily the middle and upper parts of the lungs.”可知，他们使用肺的中上部呼吸。故选A。]
．Which of the following people tend to know the right way to breathe according to the passage?
A．Government officials.
B．Doctors and patients.
C．Some sportsmen.
D．University professors.
答案 C [细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Few people—other than musicians，singers and some athletes are even aware that the abdomen should expand when they breathe in.”可知，有些运动员知道正确的呼吸方法。故选C。]
．The example stated in the last two paragraphs show that the lungcancer patient ________ without Dr.Seskevich's advice on how to breathe.
A．might have died already
B．couldn't have been cured of his illness
C．would have stopped breathing
D．would have been sent to the intensive－care unit
答案 D [推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“After about six minutes of this，he was breathing comfortably.”，并结合该段最后一句“We didn't cure his cancer，but we may have saved him a trip to the intensive－care unit.”可知，在Seskevich的建议下，病人的呼吸开始顺畅，否则病人可能会住进特护病房。故选D。]
5．Which of the following do you think is NOT TRUE after you have read the passage?
A．Most people give up abdominal breathing when growing up.
B．A baby takes his or her breath in a natural and abdominal breathing way.
C．Healthy people are more aware of the importance of correct breathing than those in poor health.
D．Shallow “chest breathers” may be attacked with constant stress，which causes heart rate to increase.
答案 C [正误判断题。根据第四段第二句“...few people in industrialized societies know how to breathe correctly.”，并结合该段最后一句“Few people...are even aware...breathe in.”可知，很少有人知道如何正确呼吸及正确呼吸的重要性，但是这并不意味着健康的人比健康不佳的人更清楚正确呼吸的重要性。故选C。]
6．What does the writer mainly tell us in this passage?
A．The secret for our long life is to take more deep breath every day.
B．Correct ways of breathing may help to reduce our stress.
C．There are two breathing ways—chest breathing and abdominal breathing.
D．It's useful to bring air down into the lower part of our body whenever we feel nervous.
答案 B [主旨大意题。根据文章第一句“The best antistress(抗紧张)medicine we have may be right under your nose！”开篇点题，以及第三段开头“Slow，deep breathing is probably the only best antistress medicine we have”，并结合上下文内容可知，文章主要讲述的是正确的呼吸方式可能有助于减轻我们的压力，因此B项符合题意。故选B。]
阅读下列材料，从每题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。Taking photographs at a birthday or a wedding has become as natural as blowing out candles or cutting the cake. But our obsession with recording every detail of our happiest moments could be damaging our ability to remember them,__according to new research. A study has shown that taking pictures rather than concentrating fully on the events in front of us prevents memories taking hold.Dr.Linda Henkel, from Fairfield University, Connecticut, described it as the “photo－taking impairment effect”. She said: “People so often pull out their cameras almost mindlessly to capture a moment, to the point where they are missing what is happening right in front of them. When people rely on technology to remember for them—counting on the camera to record the event and thus not needing to attend to it fully themselves—it can have a negative impact on how well they remember their experiences.”
Dr Henkel and her team carried out an experiment in a museum, to learn if taking pictures of the exhibits was hindering the ability of visitors to remember what they had seen.
A group of university students were led on a tour at the Bellarmine Museum of Art at Fairfield University and were asked to either photograph or try and remember objects on display. The next day their memory was tested. The results showed that people were less accurate in recognizing the objects they had photographed than those they had only looked at. It was found that their memory for the details of the objects they had photographed was poorer.
Henkel's lab is currently investigating whether the content of a photo, such as whether you are in it，affects later memory. She is also researching whether actively choosing what to photograph might influence what we remember.
Previous research suggests that reviewing photos we have taken does help us remember the objects, but only if we take the time.
“Research has suggested that the sheer volume and lack of organization of digital photos for personal memories discourages many people from accessing and recalling them. In order to remember, we have to access and interact with the photos, rather than just collect them，” said Dr Henkel.
【语篇解读】 现在照相变得相当普遍，可研究发现这些拍照会损害我们的记忆能力，叫做拍照使用损伤效应现象。
1．What does the word “them”， in the first paragraph, refer to?
A．Gifts at a birthday.
B．People who go to parties.
C．Photos taken at a wedding.
D．Details of the happiest moments.
答案 D [词义猜测题。根据第一段提到When people rely on technology to remember for them—counting on the camera to record the event and thus not needing to attend to it fully themselves—it can have a negative impact on how well they remember their experiences.可知我们用科技来记录我们快乐的时光，故选D项。]
2．What is the “photo－taking impairment effect”？
A．Some unhappy events may impair the effects of photos.
B．Taking photographs of objects ruins one's memory of them.
C．The effects of photos are strongly affected by bad cameras.
D．Memories last forever when people take the photos they like most.
答案 B [细节推断题。根据第二段提到Dr Henkel and her team carried out an experiment in a museum, to learn if taking pictures of the exhibits was hindering the ability of visitors to remember what they had seen可知拍照可让他们记不得自己看过什么，故选B项。]
3．What can we learn about Dr. Linda Henkel's study?
A．A group of high school students were
involved.
B．The memory of participants was tested the following week.
C．People who just looked at the objects remembered fewer details.
D．People who photographed objects were worse at recognizing them.
答案 D [推理判断题。根据第三段提到The results showed that people were less accurate in recognizing the objects they had photographed than those they had only looked at可知人们对于他们拍摄的东西的认知不如他们所看到的准确，故选D项。]
4．With which of the following may Dr. Linda Henkel agree?
A．Reviewing photos improves memories of objects.
B．Focusing on people at events is the best way to remember.
C．Relying on technology to remember affects the memory.
D．Counting on cameras to record events is always reliable.
答案 C [推理判断题。根据倒数第二段提到Research has suggested that the sheer volume and lack of organization of digital photos for personal memories discourages many people from accessing and
recalling them. In order to remember, we have to access and interact with the photos, rather than just collect them，大量的数码照片并不能唤起我们的记忆，故选C项。]
5．The passage is probably taken from________．
A．a health magazine
B．a cultural overview
C．an economics report
D．an entertainment website
答案 A [推理判断题。现在照相变得相当普遍，可研究发现这些拍照会损害我们的记忆能力，叫做拍照使用损伤效应现象，可知这项研究成果，故来自健康杂志，因此选A项。]