2017高考英语阅读理解解析版汇编（39）
（2016高考训练）阅读下列材料，从每题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。体裁：说明文 话题：自信与成功 词数：426 时间：6′
Nothing succeeds like confidence.When you are truly confident, it radiates (辐射 from you like sunlight，and attracts success to you like a magnet (磁铁)．Besides, those who are selfconfident can in turn inspire confidence in others: their audience，their peers, their bosses, their customers, and their friends.And gaining the confidence of others is one of the key ways in which a selfconfident person finds success.
So how can we build a sense of self－confidence and prepare ourselves on the way to success?
First, do what you believe to be right, even if others mock or criticize you for it.Believe in yourself and believe that you can do it under any circumstances, because if you believe you can, then you really will.The belief keeps you searching for answers, which means that pretty soon you will get them.
Second, govern your behavior based on what other people think.What's more important, be willing to take risks and go the extra miles to achieve better results, in which case mistakes cannot be avoided.Don't hesitate to admit your mistakes, and learn from them.Next, work hard to settle the problems in order to cover up your mistakes before anyone notices.Building self-confidence is readily achievable, as long as you have the focus and determination to carry things through.And what's even better is that the things you'll do to build self-confidence will also build success—after all, your confidence will come from real, solid achievement.No one can take this away from you!
As you sow, sow will reap.With your perseverance and improvement, you are getting closer to success.At this stage, wait for others to congratulate you on your accomplishments and compliments elegantly.“Thanks, I really worked hard on that success, I'm pleased you recognize my efforts.” The congratulations and compliments from others will promote you to gain further success.
Self-confidence is extremely important in almost every aspect of our lives, and it is no wonder that so many people struggle to find it.Self-confidence really can be learned and built on.Besides, whether you're working on your own self-confidence or building the confidence of people around you, it's well worth the effort!
【语篇解读】 文章主要讲述了自信对于取得成功的重要性，及其在人们日常生活中的重要作用
1．Those who are truly confident ________．
A．succeed without effort and hard work
B．gain the confidence of others and feel successful
C．appear more attractive and thus become successful
D．encourage people around to become confident
答案 D [细节理解题。由第一段第二句可知“我们的自信可以反过来激励他人的自信。”所以说可以鼓励他人变得自信。]
2．The underlined word “mock” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________．
A．punish
B．imitate
C．laugh at
D．praise for
C [词义猜测题。由前后文可知即使他人嘲笑或批评你的想法，你也要做你认为是正确的事情。]
3．When others congratulate us on our achievements, we are supposed to ________．
A．praise them in return
B．gain further improvement
C．expect them to congratulate you again
D．politely accept the compliments
答案 D [细节理解题。由第五段第二、三句可知“你可以优雅地等待别人对你所取得成就的祝贺和赞扬”也就是可以礼貌地接受别人的赞美。]
4．Which of the following sayings best expresses the meaning of Paragraph 4?
A．Learn from past mistakes and avoid future ones.
B．It is no use crying over spilt milk.
C．Genius is 1% inspiration and 99% efforts.
D．Look before your leap.
答案 A [主旨大意题。通读第四段可知，其大意是告诉我们要勇于承认自己的错误并从中学习，并在日后避免同样的错误。]
5．The purpose of the passage is to ________．
A．tell people how to become successful
B．encourage people to build confidence and achieve success
C．convince people to do what they believe to be right
D．criticize people who lack confidence and thus fail in their career
答案 B [主旨大意题。从文章大意可知文章主要讲述了自信对于取得成功的重要性，及其在人们日常生活中的重要作用。所以说文章的写作目的是鼓励人们建立自信取得成功。]
阅读下列材料，从每题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。体裁：说明文 话题：错误与成长 词数：352 时间：5′
We live in a culture that sends out very mixed messages about mistakes: We're told we learn by making them, but we work hard to avoid them.So the result is most of us know that we are going to make mistakes, but deep down, we feel we shouldn't.
Experiments with schoolchildren who did well on a given test show that those who were praised for being smart and then offered a more challenging or less challenging task afterward usually chose the easier one.On the other hand, children praised for trying hard—rather than being smart—far more often selected the more difficult task.
If we try hard to avoid mistakes, we aren't open to getting the information we need in order to do better.In a writing study, experiments showed that those who are so scared to make mistakes perform worse in writing tasks than those who aren't as worried about being perfect.They fear receiving any kind of negative feedback, so they don't learn where they went wrong and how to get better.
We don't just learn more when we're open to mistakes, we learn deeper.Research tells us that if we're only concerned about getting the right answer, we don't always learn the underlying concepts that help us truly understand whatever we're trying to figure out.Mistakes need to be seen not as a failure to learn, but as a guide to what still needs to be learned.As Thomas Edison said, “I am not discouraged, because every abandoned wrong attempt is another step forward.”
Furthermore, we often make mistakes because we try new things—we wander away from accepted paths.Teflon, penicillin—these are examples of great discoveries made by mistake.Take a page from Albert Einstein, who said, “Anyone who has never made a mistake has never tried anything new.”
【语篇解读】 本文讲述了错误对于我们成长的积极作用，并列举了相关实验和例子，以及我们应该用积极的态度对待错误。
1．What will happen to students praised for being smart in face of
choosing tasks compared to students praised for working hard?
A．He will ask his teachers for advice.
B．He will choose a less challenging task.
C．He will work harder to avoid mistakes.
D．He will hide his mistakes from his teachers.
答案 B [细节理解题。从文中第二段第一句可知“对在测试中取得较好成绩的学生做实验，给他们一个较难的任务和一个较简单的任务，被表扬聪明的同学更倾向于选择简单的任务”。]
2．If a person is always scared of making mistakes, he will ________．
A．lose confidence in everything
B．discourage himself from improving
C．suffer from great pressure of success
D．focus on getting positive information
答案 B [推理判断题。从文中第三段第一句和最后一句可知“如果我们努力避免错误，我们就不会得到我们需
3．Which of the following statements is NOT acceptable according to the passage?
A．Being open to mistakes help you understand the truth.
B．Mistakes can be used as a positive factor for success.
C．The more mistakes we make, the more we learn.
D．A step forward may come from mistakes you've made.
答案 C [推理判断题。此选项过于绝对，文中说错误可以帮我们找到自身的不足然后加以提高这样才会学到东西，而不是犯越多的错，学的越多。]
．What does the last paragraph want to tell us?
A．One must follow a correct path to avoid mistakes.
B．To become an Einstein, you should make mistakes.
C．You can't make mistakes unless you try new things.
D．Making mistakes is not a disadvantage in a way.
答案 D [主旨大意题。从最后一段可知，我们犯错误是因为我们努力尝试新的东西，所以从某种意义上说犯错误是有积极作用的。]
．What's the main idea of the passage?
A．Mistakes should be treated with a correct attitude.
B．Success can't be achieved without making mistakes.
C．Try every means to avoid mistakes in our daily life.
D．We can never avoid making mistakes when we work.
答案 A [主旨大意题。从文章大意可知本文讲述了错误对于我们成长的积极作用，以及我们应该用积极的态度对待错误。]
阅读下列材料，从每题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。体裁：科普文 话题：科学世360 时间：8′
Several years after it was introduced to the world，the advanced Japanese robot Asimo is still serving only as an experimentation.Even if available for the market，it would be too expensive for ordinary families.
It is much easier and cheaper to build a robot like Jibo，which uses simple movements and has the ability to interact with people through sound，pictures and touch.
Massachusetts
Institute
of
Technology researcher Cynthia Breazeal created Jibo first as a tool for exploring how people communicate with technology.
“Jibo as a robot is something that can move，with cameras that can move and see you and interact with you like a living thing，so to speak.It can bring satisfaction to life off the screen in an entirely new way，” explained Brezeal.
Jibo can remind you about appointments，take photos，entertain people and tell stories to children.It also has touch－sensitive(触感的) technology.
“People often communicate through touch，so they might pat Jibo if it does something that they
like and Jibo can actually learn from that，” said Breazeal.
Doctors at Amici di Nico Autism Center，in
Lecce，Italy，use a small talking robot to treat autistic
(孤独症) children.
11year-old
Marco
has
shown
great
improvement in focusing and communication since he started playing with the robot that carefully keeps track of the child's behavior，said engineer Giuseppe Palestra.
“We would like to be one step ahead of state of the art，so that we can make the human－robot
interaction better，” said Palestra.
Researchers say they want to develop robots that can be programmed for individual patients，because each child reacts differently to outside
information.
French researcher Pierre Lebeau's family robot
Keecker was designed as an entertainment robot that can follow its owner around.
“I came up with the idea of a computer with a
projector (投影仪) inside and a great sound system
and a camera，something that can move and go to
any room to give me a kind of TV－like experience，but anywhere I want without the cables(电缆)，”said
Lebeau.
Researchers
say
robots
intended
for
entertainment may soon be on the market with prices
ranging from about $500 to $5，000—still expensive for ordinary buyers.Medical robots are still in the experimental period but they too point to what we can expect from artificial intelligence (人工智能) in the near future.
【语篇解读】 民用机器人有望在不久的将来走入普通家庭。
1．Asimo hasn't come on the market mainly because it ________．
A．is too expensive
B．lacks too many functions
C．needs improvement
D．is actually not a success
答案 C [推理判断题。根据第一段“...the advanced Japanese robot Asimo is still serving only as an experimentation.”可知，这个机器人仍处于实验阶段，由此可推知它还需要改进。]
2．What do you know about Jibo?
A．It was created for experiments.
B．It is the first family robot.
C．It is sold only within Japan.
D．It is equipped with a projector.
答案 A [细节理解题。根据第三段“...created Jibo first as a tool for exploring how people communicate with technology.”可知，机器人Jibo是为了实验而被制造出来的。]
3．According to researchers，medical robots ________．
A．have been put into use widely
B．should be more individual
C．still can' t interact with humans
D．should have some character of art
答案 B [细节理解题。根据倒数第四段内容可知，研究者认为机器人应该被改进得更适合个体病人。]
4．Which robots could people probably buy on the market first?
A．Robots for treatment.
B．Robots made in Japan.
C．Robots as a waitress.
D．Robots for entertainment.
答案 D [细节理解题。根据最后一段“Researchers say robots intended for entertainment may soon be on the market...”可知，最先投放市场的有可能是用于娱乐的机器人。]
（2016高考训练）阅读下列材料，从每题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。体裁：说明文 话题：异国风情 词数：660 时间：7′
When you think of Victorian style homes, you probably imagine it as a Queen Anne home, complete with wonderful trim(饰物)painted in a contrasting color and stained glass windows.Victorian homes were built to leave a deep impression on others, and they are still impressive today.If you have a chance to visit one Victorian style home, you will find the following typical characteristics in the place you are visiting：
Narrow and Tall
Most Victorian houses are narrow, which allows these impressive beauties to be built on a small amount of land.They are often close to other Victorian homes, usually near the center of town.What these houses lack in width they make up for in height; a typical Victorian house is three stories tall and on a full－size basement.
Stairs
Because the Victorian is built to impress, intricate(错综复杂的)or grand entrances are usually constructed.These stairways usually lead to wrap－around front porches decorated with turned wood or wrought iron railings.
Towers and Turrets (塔楼)
These unique rooms could be studies, bedrooms or libraries.They give Victorian homes a castle feel and recall the Gothic mansions that inspired early Victorian designs.Because these houses are often three or even four stories tall, these turrets can be quite impressive.
Decorative Trim
Although the trim is produced on a large scale, there are several different styles and designs.Everything from Italianate egg－and－dart molding to carved Gothic Revival fascia can be found on a Victorian home.It is not at all unusual to find Queen Anne, Gothic and Italianate elements all on the same house, as the goal is to create something unique and unusual.According to Victorian design rules, the trim should have painted a distinctly different color than the siding for emphasis.In most cases in the 18th century in the UK, three to five different colors of paint were used: one of these colors was used for the house, and the rest of the colors were used for the trim.
Bay Windows
Large windows, which are sometimes filled with stained glass or topped with stained glass panels, are also special features in Victorian houses.These bays can either be walkout versions or have a built－in bench.
Asymmetrical (不对称的) House Design
Victorian era architects loved the challenge of varied roof lines and asymmetrical designs.The houses are made to be individual and unique.Even if the basic design of a group of houses is the same, you can expect to find unique window styles and architectural details that give each house its own personality.
Extras
Classic Victorian homes have wrap－around porches with beautiful trim and tiny balconies or crow's nests on the upper floors.Some of these porches, balconies and crow's nests are functional, but some are just for show.Nothing is wasted too much for a Victorian home.
Finding Victorian Homes
Where can you find Victorian style homes? You can find at least one of two Victorian style homes in most urban areas, but some cities have more than others.The Old West End, a famous neighborhood in Toledo, Ohio, has the most Victorian style homes in the United States.San Francisco is also known for its beautiful, restored Victorian homes.Savannah, Georgia is a lovely city to visit and explore, as its many Victorian homes are located on charming squares with interesting gardens and sculptures, making it a fabulous place to visit.If you explore these cities, you will find Victorian bed and breakfasts that are perfect for an elegant stay.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要向我们介绍了维多利亚风格的房子的一些特点。
1．The purpose of this passage is to introduce ________．
A．characteristics of Victorian style homes
B．some attractions in Victorian style homes
C．special functions of Victorian style homes
D．different decorations in Victorian style homes
答案 A [考查写作意图。从第一段的“If you have a chance...you will find the following typical characteristics in the place you are visiting”可知，本文的写作目的主要是介绍维多利亚风格的房子的特点。所以答案选A项。]
．The following characteristics can be found in a Victorian style home EXCEPT ________．
A．the houses are always tall and narrow
B．the houses are typically built with five stories
C．the windows of different houses are quite unique
D．the roofs always appear so different from each other
答案 B [考查细节理解。从第二段的“a typical Victorian house is three stories tall”可知，维多利亚风格的房子一般是三层楼高，故B项表述错误。]
．“Queen Anne” mentioned in the passage refers to ________．
A．furniture popular in the 18th century
B．an architecture style popular in the UK
C．basic building materials for houses
D．a famous figure in Victorian style homes
答案 B [考查推理判断。从第一段的“a Queen Anne home”和第五段的“It is not at all unusual to find Queen Anne，Gothic and Italianate elements all on the same house”可知，Queen Anne指的是一种非常受欢迎的建筑风格，所以答案选B项。]
．The fifth paragraph mainly talks about ________．
A．different styles of Victorian homes
B．the same elements in Victorian homes
C．the paints used in Victorian homes
D．the design of the trim in Victorian homes
答案 D [考查段落大意。第五段主要介绍的是维多利亚风格的房子装饰物的特点，包括形状、颜色等。所以答案选D项。]
．Where can people see the most Victorian style homes nowadays?
A．In San Francisco.
B．In Boston.
C．In Savannah.
D．In Toledo.
答案 D [考查细节理解。从最后一段中的“in Toledo，Ohio，has the most Victorian style homes in the United States”这一句话可知，答案选D项。]
．Which word can replace the underlined word “fabulous” in the last paragraph?
A．Credible.
B．Mysterious.
C．Wonderful.
D．Imaginary.
答案 C [考查词义猜测。从该句中出现的“lovely”和“interesting”可推断，该词意为“极好的，绝妙的”。所以答案选C项。]