2017高考英语阅读理解解析版汇编（94）
阅读理解 (2017·江西八校联考)
The forces that make Japan one of the world’s most earthquakeprone (有地震倾向的) countries could become part of its longterm energy solution.
Water from deep below the ground at Japan’s tens of thousands of hot springs could be used to produce electricity.
Although Japanese hightech companies are leaders in geothermal (地热的) technology and export it，its use is limited in the nation.
“Japan should no doubt make use of its resources of geothermal energy，” said
Yoshiyasu Takefuji，a leading researcher of thermalelectric power production.
The disastrous earthquake and tsunami on March 11,2011 caused a reaction against atomic power，which previously made up 30 percent of Japan’s energy needs，and increased interest in alternative energies，which accounted for only 8 percent.
Artist Yoko Ono has called on Japan to explore its natural energy，following the example of Iceland which uses renewable energy for more than 80 percent of its needs.
For now，geothermal energy makes up less than 1 percent of the energy needs in Japan，which has for decades relied heavily on fossil fuels and atomic power.
The biggest problem to geothermal energy is the high initial cost of the exploration and constructing the factories.Another problem is that Japan’s potentially best sites are already being developed for tourism or are located within national parks where construction is forbidden.
“We can’t even dig 10 cm inside national parks.” said Shigeto Yamada of Fuji Electric，adding that regulations protecting nature would need to be relaxed for geothermal energy to grow.
Researcher Hideaki Matsui said，“Producing electricity using hot springs is a decadeslong project.We also have to think about what to do for now as energy supplies will decline in the short term.”
The Earth Policy Institute in Washington，US，believed Japan could produce 80 000 megawatts (兆瓦) and meet more than half its electricity needs with geothermal technology.
Japanese giants such as Toshiba are already global leaders in geothermal technology，with a 70 percent market share.In 2010，Fuji Electric built the world’s largest geothermal factory in New Zealand.
1．What would be the best title for the text?
A．Alternative energies in Japan
B．World’s largest geothermal plant
C．Japan takes the lead in geothermal technology
D．Japan thinks of geothermal energy
2．What percentage of Japan’s energy needs is geothermal energy?
A．About 8%.B．Below 1%.
C．Around 30%.D．Over 80%.
3．According to Shigeto Yamada，the growth of geothermal power in Japan needs________.
A．a change of rules B．financial support
C．local people’s help D．high technology
4．Geothermal energy is considered as a longterm program by________.
A．Yoshiyasu Takefuji
B．Hideaki Matsui
C．Shigeto Yamada
D．Yoko Ono
5．It can be learned from the last two paragraphs that________.
A．the world’s biggest geothermal plant was built by America
B．Japan will not export its geothermal technology
C．the potential of Japan’s geothermal energy is great
D．it is hard to find geothermal energy in Japan
语篇解读 本文为一篇科普说明文。让日本经常地震的一些自然力有可能会被转化成日本长期可持续利用的清洁能源，即：地热。本文对其进行了详细介绍。
1．解析： 标题概括题。根据文章第三段的导入和倒数第三段最后一句“We also have to think about what to do for now as energy supplies will decline in the short term”，以及对全文的整体理解可知，本文主要讲的“日本正在考虑如何使用地热”的问题，所以D项最适合做文章的标题。
答案： D
2．解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第七段“For now，geothermal energy makes up less than 1 percent of the energy needs in Japan...”可知，答案B符合文意。
答案： B
3．解析： 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第四段中的“adding that regulations protecting nature would need to be relaxed for geothermal energy to grow”可推知，答案A符合文意。
答案： A
4．解析： 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段“Researcher Hideaki Matsui said，Producing electricity using hot springs is a decadeslong project...”可知，答案B符合文意。
答案： B
5．解析： 推理判断题。根据对文章最后两段的整体理解可知，日本的地热能源潜力巨大。
答案： C
(2017·泰安复习质量检测)
University of Maryland student Ben Simon and his friends couldn’t stand to see good food thrown out on their campus.“We basically noticed that some of the extra food from the dining hall was going to waste at the end of the day.And we met with the dining services and asked them whether it would be okay if instead of throwing out the food we would donate it.And they were on board，” he said.
So 18 months ago，the students began what they call the Food Recovery Network.Each night，volunteers would show up at a campus dining hall to pick up leftovers and deliver them to area shelters and food banks.So far，they have donated more than 23 000 kilos of food that would otherwise have been thrown out.
Nationwide，$165 billion worth of food is wasted each year，according to the National Resources Defense Council.Spokesman Bob Keefe says that is about 40% of the country’s entire food production.“If we can reduce our waste in this country by 15%，we can feed 25 million hungry Americans.That is a huge benefit.That is what programs like this Food Recovery Network are doing，” he said.
Christian Life Center is one of the beneficiaries (受益者) of the students’ efforts.Ben Slye，the senior pastor (牧师)，said，“It has been just amazing to see these students take their own time，their own vehicles and own gas money and be able to make an effort like this.Each week we are able with this food probably to feed over hundred people.”
The University of Maryland’s Food Recovery Network now has 200 volunteers and the program has expanded to 18 schools across the country.“I want to grow 18 chapters to a thousand chapters within five years.And once we get to the Food Recovery Nation being at every college campus in America，we want to expand to restaurants and farms.” said Simon.
The volunteers are committed to making that happen.
1．The dining services in University of Maryland________.
A．threw out good food on the campus
B．supported the volunteers’ job
C．enjoyed the talk with the students
D．donated their leftovers to the poor
．Volunteers from the Food Recovery Network________.
A．started the Food Recovery Network two years ago
B．delivered leftovers as well as money to shelters
C．helped to solve the hunger issues in America
D．donated leftovers to avoid food waste
．Ben Slye’s attitude toward the volunteers’ effort was that of________.
A．unconcern B．doubt
C．appreciationD．opposition
．We can learn from the text that________.
A．over 40% of the country’s entire food is wasted each year
B．altogether 25 million Americans suffer from hunger nowadays
C．Simon aims to expand the program to restaurants and farms
D．every college has started the Food Recovery Network
5．What can be the best title for the text?
A．College Students Rescue Leftover Food
B．Battles Against the Problem of Hunger
C．How to Pick up Leftovers on College Campuses
D．Waste Problems in University of Maryland
语篇解读 本文是一篇资讯报道。每天都有人在浪费粮食，如果把这些粮食收集起来，供给那些需要的人，那将会帮助很多饥饿的人们。美国一所大学的学生们正在做这样的事情。他们建立了“食物回收网络”，收集学校餐厅里的残羹剩饭，将其送到有需要的地方。
．解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句中的“And they were on board”可知，学校的餐饮服务部参与其中。此处on board为短语“take sth.on board”的简写，意为“采纳，接纳(主意、建议)”。
答案： B
．解析： 推理判断题。根据对文章第二段的整体理解可知，志愿者们到学校餐厅去收集剩菜，然后把它们运到收容所等，以避免浪费。
答案： D
．解析： 观点态度题。根据文章第四段第二句“Ben Slye，the senior pastor (牧师)，said，‘It has been just amazing to see these students take their own time，their own vehicles and own gas money and be able to make an effort like this.’”可知，Ben Slye对志愿者们的努力是持“支持，赞许，欣赏”的态度。
答案： C
．解析： 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段最后一句中的“And once we get to the Food Recovery Nation being at every college campus in America，we want to expand to restaurants and farms”可知，答案C符合文意。
答案： C
．解析： 标题概括题。根据文章第一段的开篇点题和对文章的整体理解可知，本文主要介绍了美国大学生建立组织，收集学校餐厅里的剩饭，身体力行把它们运到收容所的事。由此可知，答案A最适合做文章的标题。
答案： A阅读理解(2017·枣庄高三模拟)
Microsoft founder Bill Gates has opened up about being a parent，stating that 13 is an appropriate age for a child’s first cell phone.
The 57yearold，fatherofthree，revealed on The Today Show that his children Jennifer and Rory were not allowed phones until their 13th birthday and his youngest daughter Phoebe is still waiting for one.
“We’ve chosen in our family that it’s 13 where you get a phone，” the selfmade billionaire explained.
He said as a result his children often return home from school complaining，“All the other kids have one.I’m the only one without one.It’s so embarrassing.”
Asked if he keeps passwords to his son and daughters’ email and Facebook accounts，Mr Gates said that he doesn’t for Jennifer,16，who he describes as “independent”．He admitted that monitoring online activity is “a very tricky issue for parents now”．
Despite their vast wealth Mr and Mrs Gates，who live in Lake Medina，have
said
they
want
to give
their children
as
normal an upbringing as possible.
It was previously reported that their youngsters have to complete household chores and are given a modest amount of pocket money.
And in 2010 Mr Gates said that he intends to give most of his $61 billion fortune away rather than hand it down.“That wouldn’t be good either for my kids or society，” he said.
Also during the Today interview with host Matt Lauer，Mr Gates，who stepped down from Microsoft in 2008 to concentrate on philanthropy，said that helping others gives him the same excitement as creating software.
“What you really feel is what you’ve achieved.If a piece of software gets out there and lots of people love it—it lets them get their work done in better ways—that’s exciting，” he explained.
1．Bill Gates will not let his children own a cell phone________.
A．until they reach the age of 13
B．if they don’t really need one
C．unless they do some housework
D．before they become independent
2．Which of the following is true about Bill Gates’ children?
A．All his children now have cell phones.
B．Phoebe has her own cell phone.
C．They are not given any pocket money.
D．Jennifer can use the Internet freely.
3．What does the underlined word “That” refer to in the text?
A．Being a parent as a billionaire.
B．Handing all his money down to his children.
C．Allowing his children to have their phones.
D．Giving away all his money to good causes.
4．What can we learn about Bill Gates from the text?
A．He is a warmhearted father to his children.
B．He has created a lot of software since 2008.
C．He now devotes himself to helping others
D．He cares more about money than anything else.
5．What is the text mainly about?
A．How Bill Gates made himself a billionaire.
B．How Bill Gates deals with his money.
C．How Bill Gates managed his business.
D．How Bill Gates brings up his children.
语篇解读 本文为一篇说明文。微软公司的创始人比尔·盖茨认为：孩子只有到13岁以后才能使用手机。本文通过一些类似的例子说明了比尔·盖茨教育孩子的办法。
1．解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，比尔·盖茨只允许年满13岁的孩子使用手机。
答案： A
2．解析： 推理判断题。根据第五段内容可推断出，比尔·盖茨不对Jennifer的邮箱和Facebook账户设置密码，因为他认为年满16岁的Jennifer已经“独立”了，即她可以自由地使用网络。
答案： D
3．解析： 指代判断题。画线词所在句子意为：那对我的孩子和整个社会都不好。由于that指代上文中提到过的事，所以根据上一句“在2010年盖茨先生说他打算把他610亿美元的财产大部分都捐出去而不是留给自己的孩子”可知，此处that指把自己的财产留给孩子。
答案： B
4．解析： 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Mr Gates，who stepped down from Microsoft in 2008 to concentrate on philanthropy(慈善事业)”可知，比尔·盖茨现在专心于慈善事业，即帮助别人。
答案： C
5．解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章通过介绍比尔·盖茨给孩子配手机时有年龄限制让孩子做家务，和他不准备把所有财产都留给孩子的例子，说明了盖茨先生想让自己的孩子像普通家庭的孩子一样成长，这些都是比尔·盖茨教育孩子的方法。
答案：D阅读理解(2017·鹰潭市高三第二次模拟考试)
There are many older people in the world and there will be many more.A limeknown fact is that over 60 percent of the older people live in developing countries.According to the World Health Organization，by 2020 there will be 1 billion，with over 700 million living in developing countries.
It is a surprising fact that the population ageing is particularly rapid in developing countries.For example，it took France 115 years for the proportion of older people to double from 7 percent to 14 percent.It is estimated to take China a mere 27 years to achieve this same increase.
What are the implications of these increased numbers of older folk？One of the biggest worries for governments is that the longer people live，the more likelihood there is for diseases and for disability.Attention is being paid to the need to keep people as healthy as possible，including during old age，to lessen the financial burden on the state.
Another significant problem is the need for the younger generations to understand and value
the older people in their society.In some African countries，certainly in Asia，older people are
respected and regarded as the ones with special knowledge.Yet traditions are fading away daily，which does not ensure the continued high regard of older people.As society changes，attitudes will change.
Much needs to be done to get rid of age discrimination (歧视) in employment.Lifelong learning programs need to be provided to enable older people to be active members in a country’s development.
Social security policies need to be established to provide adequate income protection for older people.Both public and private schemes are vital in order to build a suitable safety net.
To achieve equality in such matters will take considerable time and effort.One thing is sure：there is no time to be lost.
1．The proportion of older people________.
A．is bigger in developed countries than in developing countries
B．is oneseventh of the population in developing countries
C．will increase much faster in China than in France
D．will be sixty percent in developing countries by 2020
2. According to the passage，which of the following are governments most worried about?
A．The diseases and disability of older people.
B．The longer life and good health of people.
C．The loss of taxes on older people.
D．The increasing respect for older people.
3．It is stated directly in the passage that older people should________.
A．be treated differently in different cultures
B．enjoy a similar lifestyle
C．be ignored as society changes
D．be valued by the younger generations
4．Which of the following measures is NOT mentioned to solve the population ageing problem?
A．Getting rid of age discrimination in employment.
B．Ensuring adequate income protection for older people.
C．Providing free health care for sick older people.
D．Supplying lifelong learning programs to older people.
5．The author concludes in the last paragraph that________.
A．governments have spent lots of time in solving the ageing problem
B．population ageing is a hard problem，but it needs to be solved urgently
C．people are too busy to solve the population ageing problem
D．much time and effort will be lost in solving the ageing problem
语篇解读 本文为一篇说明文。老年人口的比例在发展中国家猛增，这无疑会带来很多问题，尽管这一问题很棘手，但解决这一问题势在必行、刻不容缓。
1．解析： 推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容可知，在法国，115年里老年人口的比例从7%增长到了14%，而在中国仅仅用于23年的时间就达到了这个增长幅度。因此可推知，将来中国老龄人口比例的增长速度要比法国快得多。
答案： C
2．解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“One of the biggest worries for governments is that the longer people live，the more likelihood there is for diseases and for disability.”可知，政府担心，人们活的寿命越长，人们的健康压力会越大。
答案： A
3．解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Another significant problem is the need for the younger generations...society.”可知，年轻人应该理解和尊重老年人，D项为文章中直接陈述的观点。
答案： D
4．解析： 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段第一句可知，A项表述正确；根据倒数第二段第一句可知，B项表述正确；根据倒数第三段第二句可知，D项表述正确。
答案： C
5．解析： 段落大意题。根据最后一段中“there is no time to be lost”可知，作者认为，尽管人口老龄化这一问题很棘手，但解决它已经是刻不容缓了。
答案： B