2017届高考英语一轮复习阅读理解解析版汇编：103（含解析）

　　2017高考英语阅读理解解析版汇编（103）

　　阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。

　　【2017·泰安高三二轮复习质量检测Howie Choset，a roboticist，has been researching and building robots，particularly snake robots，at Pittsburgh’s Carnegie Mellon University for years.

　　Choset believes that his snake robot and others like it help reduce medical costs by making complex surgeries (外科手术) faster and easier.Choset says his new design is smaller and more flexible than earlier models.The size of surgical robots allows surgeons to operate with far less damage to the body，helping the patient heal faster.For example，instead of opening the entire chest up during heart surgery，a small hole is made，and a thin robotic snake crawls inside to the proper spot.

　　Dr Ashutosh Tewari of Cornell University Medical Center has used robotic tools to perform thousands of operations.Tewari said he’s most excited about the potential for surgical robots to do things humans can’t do.He said the variety of sensors available for surgical robots keeps expanding，even as they get smaller.He said they may one day be able to test chemicals or blood in the body，or even the electrical connections in nerves.

　　Choset has also built larger snake robots designed for search and rescue，or just exploration.They can climb poles or trees and then look around through a camera in the head，and slid through places humans can’t reach.

　　Another expert at Carnegie Mellon stresses that there’s still an enormous gap between humans and even the most high­tech robots.Manuela Velosa noted that robots have been built that are good at one or two tasks—but not at the variety of tasks humans perform without even thinking.

　　Velosa has been building robots that ask humans for help when they don’t know what to do，as well as teams of robots that play soccer against each other.Sometimes，the robots surprise her by having once defeated the other team.

　　“It was programmed by me，but it looked to me as if they learned，” she said.“I believe we are much closer to having robots be able to exist with humans peacefully.The beautiful thing is you see the robots learning.”

　　1．How does Choset help save medical costs?

　　A．By changing the size of robots frequently.

　　B．By designing larger snake robots.

　　C．By making complex surgeries faster and easier.

　　D．By improving the models of earlier snake robots.

　　．The main advantage of using the thin surgical robot is________.

　　A．reducing the damage to the body

　　B．proving the technology useful to them

　　C．helping the doctors make much money

　　D．worsening the patient’s sickness

　　．According to Manuela Velosa，________.

　　A．robots will replace humans in the future

　　B．robots can do much better than humans at some tasks

　　C．no robots can be made to turn to humans for help

　　D．robots are able to learn by themselves

　　．What can be inferred from the text?

　　A．The snake robot is thought to have no potential.

　　B．Larger snake robots are not practical.

　　C．Doctors will refuse to use the snake robot.

　　D．The future robot will be smarter and more popular.

　　．What is the text mainly about?

　　A．Three famous roboticists.

　　B．Researching and building robots.

　　C．How to make snake robots.

　　D．Different ideas on robots.

　　语篇解读　本文是一篇科研报告。文章主要介绍了用于外科手术中的蛇形机器人。

　　．解析：　细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句“Choset believes that his snake robot and others like it help reduce medical costs by making complex surgeries (外科手术) faster and easier.”可知，答案C符合文意。

　　答案：　C

　　．解析：　细节理解题。根据文章第二段第三句“The size of surgical robots allows surgeons to operate with far less damage to the body，helping the patient heal faster.”可知，答案A符合文意。

　　答案：　A

　　．解析：　细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段最后一句“Sometimes，the robots surprise her by having once defeated the other team.”可知，答案B符合文意。

　　答案：　B

　　．解析：　推理判断题。根据文章第三段最后一句“He said they may one day be able to test chemicals or blood in the body，or even the electrical connections in nerves.”和对文章最后一段的整体理解可推知，答案D“未来的机器人将会越来越智能，越来越受人欢迎”符合文意。

　　答案：　D

　　．解析：　主旨大意题。根据文章第一段的开篇点题和对全文的整体理解可知，本文主要讲的是对机器人的研究和建造，故答案B符合文意。

　　答案：B阅读理解2017·江西六校高三联考Most people will answer a ringing phone.Usually you don’t know who is phoning or how urgent their business is，so a ringing phone is difficult to ignore.In one experiment，a researcher wrote down the numbers of several public phones in stations and airports.Then he called the numbers.Someone nearly always answered.When he asked why，people usually said，“Because it rang.”

　　A few years ago in New Jersey，a man with a rifle killed 13 people.Armed police surrounded his house but he refused to come out.A reporter found out the phone number of the house and called.The man put down his rifle and answered the phone.“What do you want？” he said，“I’m really busy right now.”

　　Imagine you are at work and the phone is ringing in someone else’s office.Do you answer it or not？In one survey on telephone use,51% of participants told researchers that they did.We can’t ignore the phone and for that reason，it forces its way into our life.It interrupts what we are doing and on top of that，the caller is often someone we don’t really want to talk to.However，in the survey,58% said they never took the phone off the hook，and 67% didn’t mind if someone called during a television programme.For 44% it wasn’t a problem if someone rang during a meal，while only 28% were annoyed or upset.If someone phoned in the middle of the night,40% told researchers that they got nervous or frightened，while around 30% got angry.

　　Of course，when someone is really annoying，you can choose to hang up on him/her.This is in fact one of the rudest things you can do on the phone，but 79% said they were prepared to do it in some cases.Only 6% told researchers they never hung up on people.

　　1．In the experiment，people answered the researcher’s phone________.

　　A．in order to help him gather the data

　　B．for fear that it was urgent

　　C．to test the function of the phone

　　D．to show their interest in the survey

　　2．The gunman answered the phone because________.

　　A．he decided not to give up his resistance to the police

　　B．he intended to be friendly with the media

　　C．he wanted to tell the reporter that he was too busy to offer any information

　　D．he tended to answer a ringing phone

　　3．According to Paragraph 3，most people________when they were doing their work or watching

　　television.

　　A．refused to answer the phone in someone else’s office

　　B．couldn’t ignore the phone

　　C．minded the ringing of the phone

　　D．kept the phone ringing

　　4．What is implied by the sentence “79% said they were prepared to do it in some cases”？

　　A．They also agreed to hang up on others regardless of rudeness.

　　B．They were prepared to punish those rude callers.

　　C．They were annoying rude callers.

　　D．They were going to hang on annoying phones.

　　5．The purpose of the survey is to find out________.

　　A．how the phone interrupts people’s work

　　B．what role the phone plays in people’s lives

　　C．why people mind a ringing phone sometimes

　　D．when the phone communication is more welcome

　　语篇解读　本文是一篇调查报道。实验发现，大多数人都会接听正在响着的电话，因为他们想知道是谁在打电话或者担心有什么紧急情况。

　　1．解析：　推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一句可知，人们接听电话是因为他们想知道是谁在打电话或者担心有什么紧急情况。

　　答案：　B

　　2．解析：　推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容并结合文章大意可知，那位杀人犯之所以接听了电话，是因为他和多数人一样，不能不理会正在响着的电话。

　　答案：　D

　　3．解析：　细节理解题。根据文章第三段第四句“We can’t ignore the phone and for that reason，it forces its way into our life.”可知，多数人在工作或看电视时，当听到电话响了会去接听。

　　答案：　B

　　4．解析：　句意理解题。根据文章最后一段内容可知，当接听了电话后，如果对方令人讨厌，你当然可以挂断他或她的电话。虽然这是在打电话时很没礼貌的行为，但79%的人说如果碰到类似情况他们也会那样做。

　　答案：　A

　　5．解析：　写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文的写作目的是为了调查人们为什么会去接听正在响着的电话的原因。

　　答案：C阅读理解2017·山东省实验中学二模Genzeb Tibeb is very bright.At only 11 years old，her future is looking promising.She is ranked 2nd out of 56 students at her government school in Addis Ababa，Ethiopia where she has been selected for a special program because of her talent.She knows she is special and proudly shows off her certificate and book signifying her accomplishments in this special program.

　　But her future hasn’t always looked so bright.While her mother，Bekelech，sacrificed immensely for Genzeb，she would not have been able to continue sending her to school.When her husband died，Bekelech was the sole provider，for their five children.In order for them to survive，she began the daily routine of walking approximately 8－10 miles a day collecting sticks to sell near her 8′×10′ home in Kichone.It wouldn’t have been long before Genzeb would have been forced to quit school in order to help her mom.But Bright Future changed all that.

　　Genzeb has been at Bright Future for 3 years.Since Ethiopian schools let out early，Genzeb walks to the facility right after lunch.Because of her high ability，she even helps teach the younger children there，building confidence and locking in important foundational academic skills.There’s also other meaningful opportunities Genzeb experiences which allow her eyes to be opened to the different opportunities that are available to her if she completes her studies.Field trips are one of her most favorite activities of all.She especially loved the one to Addis Ababa University.

　　She knows it goes beyond fun trips，though.“I am happy because I get extra help for school from Bright Future.”Genzeb shares.At so many levels，her involvement with Bright Future allows her to receive a better education，which she values.For one day she wants to help people in need by becoming a doctor.And now she knows，that with a lot of hard work，that dream might just become a reality.

　　1．What does the underlined word “sole” in the second paragraph probably mean?

　　A．important

　　B．main

　　C．unable

　　D．only

　　2．According to the text，what is the major factor that can help Genzeb Tibeb continue

　　her school?

　　A．Bright future.B．Her talent.

　　C．Her mother.D．Her school.

　　3．From the text we can learn________.

　　A．Genzeb Tibeb quitted school for several years

　　B．Genzeb Tibeb was admitted into a famous university

　　C．Genzeb Tibeb was involved in Bright Future activities

　　D．Genzeb Tibeb had to earn a living by herself

　　4．According to the text，what is Bright Future probably?

　　A．A student training center.

　　B．A scholarship organization.

　　C．A government school.

　　D．An orphanage organization.

　　5．Which of the following things didn’t Genzeb Tibeb do on Bright Future?

　　A．Collecting and selling sticks.

　　B．Teach younger kids there.

　　C．Lock in academic skills.

　　D．Take part in field trips.

　　语篇解读　本文是一篇资讯报道。内容主要讲述了Bright Future组织帮助一名埃塞俄比亚女孩(Genzeb)继续学业的故事。

　　1．解析：　词义猜测题。根据语境可知，画线词所在句子的意思是：当Genzeb

　　的父亲去世后，她的母亲Bekelech成了唯一养家的人。因此sole应为“唯一”之意。

　　答案：　D

　　2．解析：　细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“...have been forced to quit school...But Bright Future changed all that.”可知，是Bright Future帮助了Genzeb继续她的学业。

　　答案：　A

　　3．解析：　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，Genzeb已经加入Bright Future三年了并且经常参与Bright Future组织的活动。

　　答案：　C

　　4．解析：　推理判断题。根据第一段后两句“She is ranked 2nd out of 56 students...shows off her certificate and book...”及第二段最后两句“...have been forced to quit school in order to help her mom.But Bright Future changed all that.”可推知，Bright Future是给那些家庭困难、成绩优异的学生提供继续学业的一个组织。

　　答案：　B

　　5．解析：　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第三句“...helps teach the younger children...locking in important foundational academic skills.”及该段倒数第二句“Field trips are one of...”可知，B、C、D三项均为Genzeb在Bright Future中参与的活动；A项指的是她母亲的行为。

　　答案：　A2017·江西省赣中四校高三第二次联考Studies show farmland in Africa is often lacking in important nutrients.But researchers say a combination of farming methods may help.

　　Researchers wonder how to increase production without necessarily clearing more land to grow additional crops.American researchers say that can happen with greater use of an agricultural system called perenniation.It mixes food crops with trees and perennial plants—those that return year after year.

　　Soil scientist John Reganold says，“One of the major problems is that the soils are fairly poor in most of the regions.So how do you grow food on poor soils？There have to be food

　　production systems that can build the soil and improve the

　　yield.”

　　Mr Reganold says poor soil may have resulted from years

　　of weathering that washed away many nutrients.He says some

　　farmers may have done more harm than good.

　　“They have been actually using farming practices where

　　they’re not putting in organic matter.They’re not putting in

　　fertilizers.They can’t afford those things.And it just runs the

　　soil down.So they’re worsening the situation.”

　　The scientist says the word perenniation defines three

　　systems that are already used in Africa.The oldest of the three

　　is called evergreen agriculture.This is where farmers plant trees with their crops.Farmers in Africa have been doing this for sixty years，but it seems to be growing in popularity.

　　The method is gaining widespread use in countries such as Niger，Burkina Faso，Malawi and Zambia.The trees are planted among maize (玉米)，millet or sorghum crops.They not only add nitrogen (氮) to the soil through their roots，but also through their leaves when they fall off and break down.At other times of the year，the trees can protect plants from strong sunlight.

　　John Reganold says he knows of one woman who has had great success with perenniation.

　　“She’s a grandmother in her fifties.Her name is Rhoda Mang’yana and she started using this system about twenty years ago.And her yields initially were about a ton of maize.Now with a good year she gets four tons per hectare，four times what she was getting.”

　　1．The purpose of the passage is to________.

　　A．tell people how to increase production

　　B．introduce an agricultural system in Africa

　　C．introduce the oldest farming method in Africa

　　D．tell us how to prevent soil being poor

　　．What does the underlined word “weathering” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean?

　　A．Being exposed to wind and rain.

　　B．Growing different crops.

　　C．Being polluted severely.

　　D．Being ploughed improperly.

　　．According to the passage，which of the following statements is WRONG?

　　A．Perenniation mixes food crops with trees and perennial plants.

　　B．Poor soil is the main problem in increasing food production.

　　C．Farmers may be more to blame for the present situation.

　　D．American researchers first invented perenniation.

　　．Evergreen agriculture is popular with the farmers mainly because it________.

　　A．can build the soil and improve the yield

　　B．can provide more wood as well

　　C．is the easiest method to carry out

　　D．is used for a long time

　　．Why does John Reganold mention Rhoda Mang’yana?

　　A．To show the method is very popular in Africa.

　　B．Because she is an expert at farming production.

　　C．To prove the farming method is effective.

　　D．Because she produced more grains than anyone else in the country.

　　语篇解读　在非洲，土地有限、地力贫瘠，如何有效地改善土地状况，提高农作物产量呢？本文介绍了一种能有效提高土地的肥力，促进生产的耕作方式。

　　．解析：　考查写作意图。由文章第一段及第二段第二句话可知，本文主要针对非洲土地营养成分不足、产量低这一问题，向我们介绍了一种新的农业系统。

　　答案：　B

　　．解析：　考查词义猜测。分析画线词所在句可知，多年的风雨侵蚀，导致了土地中大量的营养流失。C项文中未提及，B、D两项不符合句意，可排除。

　　答案：　A

　　．解析：　考查细节理解。由文章第六段第一句以及最后一句可知，这种系统早已经在非洲使用，所以这种系统并不是美国研究人员最先发明的。

　　答案：　D

　　．解析：　考查细节理解。根据文章倒数第三段尤其是本段后半部分内容可知，evergreen agriculture这种方式之所以受农民们的欢迎，在于它能改良土壤，故选择A项。

　　答案：　A

　　．解析：　考查推理判断。根据文章最后两段可知，John Reganold提到Rhoda Mang’yana是为了证明这种种植方式是有效果的。

　　答案：C