2017高考英语阅读理解解析版汇编（105）
阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(原创)The British people love talking about the weather. This hot summer, Europe
was caught in the heat wave, and many parts
of China were also been struggling with
record-breaking temperatures. Therefore,
there’s plenty for the British people to
get excited about.
But beside from a simple“hot”, what other ways are there to describe the summer heat? Apart from phrases like“boiling hot”, there are many interesting expressions that relate to unbearably hot weather.
Dog days of summer
In books and newspaper articles, the period from early July to mid-August is often referred to as the“dog days of summer”. Some think the expression means the weather is so hot that dogs go wild. But in fact, the expression comes from 16th century and refers to the days on which Sirius(天狼星)—the Dog Star—rises at the same time as the sun. The Romans associated the hot weather with this star and would sacrifice a dog every year in April to stop the anger of Sirius.
So hot you can fry an egg on the sidewalk
This expression needs no explanation and although its origin is unclear, it hasn’t stopped thousands of curious tourists from testing if the saying is true, with the result that sidewalks in Death Valley, California—the hottest place in the US—are now littered with broken eggshells. Early in July, the local government asked tourists to stop their cooking experiments. Even so, it is actually possible to fry an egg on the sidewalk, so long as you use a frying pan with a lid and the temperature is at least 49℃.
【文章大意】本文介绍了英语中描述炎热天气的几个习语。
1. What’s the main idea of the passage?
A. Some expressions about hot weather.
B. The heat wave in the world.
C. Sirius is associated with the hot weather.
D. Death Valley—the hottest place in the US.
【解析】选A。主旨大意题。文中第一段以幽默的方式介绍了今年夏天全球的热浪, 其目的是引出本文的中心, 故B项错误; 第二段的最后一句话是整篇文章的主题句, 故A项正确; C、D两项都是文章中的一部分, 范围小了。
. According to the passage, how long does“dog days of summer”last?
A. About one month.
B. About two months.
C. About two months and a half.
D. About one month and a half.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。由第三段的第一句In books and newspaper articles, the period from early July to mid-August is often referred to as the“dog days of summer”. 可知“dog days of summer”持续大约一个半月。
. What caused broken eggshells littered around sidewalks in Death Valley?
A. The hot weather.
B. The curiosity of tourists.
C. The permission of the local government.
D. The origin of the expression.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。由最后一段可以看出好奇的游客为了验证当地的酷热是否能够“fry an egg on the sidewalk”, 不顾当地政府的告诫, 仍然坚持做这项实验, 故B项正确。
. Which of the following is NOT necessary to test the last expression about hot weather?
A. On the sidewalk.
B. A frying pan with a lid.
C. The temperature(≥49℃).
D. In the hottest place.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。文章中提到的关于热浪的最后一个习语是“So hot you can fry an egg on the sidewalk”, 故A项是一个必要条件; 由最后一段的最后一句可知B、C是必要条件; D项范围太大。
【技法导练】多学一点 棋高一着
阅读理解——跳读查找关键词, 破解直接细节理解题
如文章第题解题步骤如下:
(1)判断题干关键词“”。
(2)跳读原文, 找到题干关键词出现在第段; 由此定位点向后可直接找到答案出处“In books and newspaper articles, the period from early July to mid-August is often referred to as the“dog days of summer”。
(3)推断答案: 根据原文出处可以轻松算出该时期持续大约一个半月。
(1) dog days of summer
阅读理解Most of the movies show our relationships and our society. What’s more important is that people love to watch highs and lows of the relationships in movies. Friendship has been the favorite subject of movie makers for a long time. Many movies are based on lovely relationships like friendship. Friendship can be between two persons or among more than two persons. Movies based on friendship make us remember that the relationship among friends is delicate(需要小心处理的). These movies also show how important it is to have a true friend in life and to own the friendship.
Friendship is described in different ways in movies. These movies show different faces of this lovely relationship including the pleasant and interesting faces. Let us discuss how friendship is described in movies.
Friends share common interests: In most of the movies, it is shown that two people become friends easily when they share some common interests. For example, two friends may be in love of the same sports, studying in the same school or living in the same neighborhood. You can see such friendship in movies such as“Harry Potter”and“Lord of Rings”. Harry Potter has two friends. All of them are interested in the use of magic.
Friends make sacrifices(牺牲): In most of the movies, friends make sacrifices for each other. A good example is“Sholay”. In this movie, there are two friends Jay and Veeru who are there for each other till death. Jay sacrifices his life to save his friend.
Friends never run away from difficulties: In movies, it is always shown that true friends always stand up for their friends in times of difficulties.
Understanding: In movies, friends understand each other without even saying a word. A single smile can brighten up the faces of all the friends.
【文章大意】电影中的友谊是社会和现实生活中友情的反映。那么电影中的友谊都有哪些特点呢? 读完本文你就会发现现实生活中的友谊和电影中的友谊的异同点。
1. Which of the following may the author accept?
A. Most movies are about relationships between friends.
B. Most movies describe stories that happen in our life.
C. Movies about friendship are popular with young men.
D. Movies always show relationships in the same way.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段“Most of the movies show our relationships and our society. ”可知, 多数电影反映人际关系, 反映社会, 内容都是与生活相关的。
2. It can be inferred from Paragraph 1 that .
A. friendship needs skillful and careful treatment
B. people should try their best to make more friends
C. movies about friendship talk about just happiness
D. most movie makers prefer movies about friendship
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第一段“. . . the relationship among friends is delicate. ”可知, 朋友之间的关系需要小心处理, 谨慎对待。
3. Which of the following opinions agrees with the passage?
A. Friends must part in the end.
B. A good book is a good friend.
C. A friend in need is a friend indeed.
D. A friend is easier lost than found.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。四个选项的内容分别是: A. 朋友最后要分开。B. 好书如挚友。C. 患难见真情。D. 得朋友难, 失朋友易。其中, 只有“患难见真情”与本文中列举的电影中的友谊的第三个特点“Friends never run away from difficulties. . . ”一致, 即困难时刻不离不弃。
4. What is mainly talked about in this passage?
A. Movies about friendship.
B. Friendship in movies.
C. Ways of making movies.
D. Ways of making friends.
【解析】选B。主旨大意题。本文列举了电影中友谊的四个特点, 故本文主要讲的是“电影中的友谊”。
阅读理解Mr. Peter Johnson, aged twenty-three, battled for half an hour to escape from his trapped car yesterday when it landed upside down in three feet of water. Mr. Johnson took the only escape route—through the boot(行李箱).
Mr. Johnson’s car had finished up in a ditch(沟渠)at Romney Marsin, Kent after skidding(打滑)on ice and hitting a bank. “Fortunately, the water began to come in only slowly, ”Mr. Johnson said. “I couldn’t force the doors because they were jammed against the walls of the ditch and I dared not open the windows because I knew water would come flooding in. ”
Mr. Johnson, a sweet salesman of Sitting Home, Kent, first tried to attract the attention of other motorists by sounding the horn and hammering on the roof and boot. Then he began his struggle to escape.
Later he said, “It was really a half penny that saved my life. It was the only coin I had in my pocket and I used it to unscrew the back seat to get into the boot. I hammered desperately with a hammer trying to make someone hear, but no help came. ”
It took ten minutes to unscrew the seat, and a further five minutes to clear the sweet samples from the boot. Then Mr. Johnson found a wrench(扳手)and began to work on the boot lock. Fifteen minutes passed by. “It was the only chance I had. Finally it gave, but as soon as I moved the boot lid, the water and mud poured in. I forced the lid down into the mud and scrambled clear as the car filled up. ”
His hands and arms cut and bruised(擦伤), Mr. Johnson got to Beckett Farm nearby, where he was looked after by the farmer’s wife, Mrs. Lucy Bates. Huddled in a blanket, he said, “That thirty minutes seemed like hours. ”Only the tips of the car wheels were visible, police said last night. The vehicle had sunk into two feet of mud at the bottom of the ditch.
【文章大意】本文记述了Mr. Johnson由于车祸被困于水下车内半个小时, 最后死里逃生的故事。
1. What is the best title for this newspaper article?
A. The Story of Mr. Johnson, a Sweet Salesman
B. Car Boot Can Serve as the Best Escape Route
C. Driver Escapes through Car Boot
D. The Driver Survived a Terrible Car Accident
【解析】选C。主旨大意题。根据第一段“Mr. Peter Johnson. . . escape from his trapped car. . . through the boot. ”可归纳出文章的标题为答案C。
2. Which of the following objects is the most important to Mr. Johnson?
A. The hammer.
B. The coin.
C. The screw.
D. The horn.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第四段Mr. Johnson所说的话及他后面所做的事情可推知此题答案为B。
3. “Finally it gave”(Paragraph 5)means that .
A. luckily the door was torn away in the end
B. at last the wrench went broken
C. the lock came open after all his efforts
D. the chance was lost at the last minute
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据上文. . . work on the boot lock及下文but as soon as I moved the boot lid, the water and mud poured in可推知此题答案为C。
4. It may be inferred from the passage that .
A. the ditch was along a quiet country road
B. the accident happened on a clear warm day
C. the police helped Mr. Johnson get out of the ditch
D. Mr. Johnson had a tender wife and was well attended
【解析】选A。推断判断题。根据第四段最后一句“. . . but no help came. ”及最后一段的第一句“. . . Mr. Johnson got to Beckett Farm nearby. . . ”可推知地点是在寂静的农村。
【技法导练】多学一点 棋高一着
阅读理解——运用词性转化破解阅读理解
这篇阅读理解中的. . . by sounding the horn and hammering on the roof and boot中的sound和hammer都是名词转化成的动词。sound(n. )→(v. ) ______; hammer(n. ) ______→(v. ) ______。
做题时, 多注意词性转化也会让我们更好地理解文章。例如: To perfect her already excellent English, she has set new goals for herself and focuses on understanding grammar rules. 这句中的perfect是形容词转化的动词。perfect(adj. )→(v. ) ______。We back schools in using these powers to deal with problem pupils. 此句中的back也是词性转化, back(n. )→(v. ) ______。此处是动词, 表示支持。
由此可知, 当我们遇到熟悉的单词时, 要根据语境来判断其词性推测其词义。
声音按响锤子用锤子敲完美的使……完美后面支持
阅读理解I just hope that our brains won’t crash(死机). Are you working on your typing skills to make you a more efficient worker? That may be all for nothing as Intel believes that we’ll be able to control our computers with our brains by 2020.
Intel and its research partners are studying how brain acts when it thinks. For example, scientists have found that people’s brains react in a similar manner when asked to think of a bear.
Through sensors(感应器)that can find this sort of brain activity, Intel thinks that it will be able to read and translate this into an input system thanks to a chip in the brain.
“We’re trying to prove you can do interesting things with brain waves. ”Intel research scientist Dean Pomerleau told Computerworld. “Eventually people may be willing to be, more devoted to brain implants(植入物). Imagine being able to surf the Web with the Power of your thoughts. ”
Even if thinking about a bear isn’t enough to show that you want to copy and paste something. Intel still thinks that there’s a future in using your brain instead of the keyboard.
“If we can get to the point where you can accurately find specific words, you could mentally type, ”he added. “You could compose characters or words by thinking about letters flashing on the screen or typing whole words rather than their individual characters. ”
While this may all sound impractical for present time, Intel thinks that it’s possible and something we’ll all want.
“I think human beings are unusually adaptive(适应的), ”said Andrew Chien, vice president of research and director of future technologies research at Intel Labs. “If you told people 20 years ago that they would be carrying computers all the time, they would have said, ‘I don’t want that. I don’t need that. ’Now you can’t get them to stop carrying devices. There are a lot of things that have to be done first but I think implanting chips into human brains is well within the scope of possibility. ”
Make good use of your favorite mouse and keyboard set-up before they’re old-fashioned.
【文章大意】本文主要讲了现在Intel及同伴正在研究怎样用人脑控制我们的电脑。
1. What are Intel and its partners doing at present?
A. Controlling our computers with our brains.
B. Working on typing skills to improve efficiency.
C. Studying how the brain behaves when it thinks.
D. Finding how the brain reacts when it thinks of a bear.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章第二段中首句Intel and its research partners are studying how brain acts when it thinks可知答案。
2. According to Dean Pomerleau, we can learn that .
A. brain implants will not be accepted
B. he holds negative attitude to the research
C. mentally typing will be possible in the future
D. people need a period of time to accept the new idea
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据文章第四段和第六段中Dean Pomerleau所言可以推知C项正确。其他选项所述与文章内容不符。
3. Computers were taken for example by Andrew Chien(in the last but one paragraph)to prove .
A. nothing is impossible
B. mankind has great power
C. society is always changing
D. human beings can adapt very well
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段首句I think human beings are unusually adaptive可知, Andrew Chien举电脑的例子是为了证明首句的观点。
4. In the last paragraph, the author probably means that .
A. there will be no mouse or keyboard any more
B. new kinds of mouse and keyboard will appear
C. human brains will replace the present computers
D. the mouse and keyboard should be used to the full
【解析】选A。主旨大意题。最后一段作者风趣地告诉读者: 人类大脑将控制电脑是必然趋势, 鼠标和键盘终将被淘汰。