2017高考英语阅读理解解析版汇编（112）
阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
When Peng Liyuan stepped off the plane in Moscow, the whole world wanted to know who dressed the elegant first lady. The reporter released the secret—Ma Ke.
Peng Liyuan has been wearing Ma Ke’s designs for more than a decade, a fact that was only highlighted recently when she was on her first state visit, accompanying her husband—President Xi Jinping. The elegant and attractive Peng, formerly a popular singer, has been compared with the US’ first lady Michelle Obama and France’s Carla Bruni-Sarkzy, since stepping off the airplane in Moscow on March 22. Suddenly, everyone was curious to know more about the first lady’s wardrobe.
Even so, Ma prefers a low-key approach. “If you eat a tasty egg why would you want to see the hen? ”she says of all the media attention.
Ma’s relationship with Peng began 10 years ago after a concert in Guangzhou when a reporter told Peng she knew the designer behind the label Exception de Mixmind. Peng asked for an introduction because she was a fan of Ma’s designs and had been wearing them for years.
The two naturally became friends. Ma says, “The painting reflects the painter, and clothes reflect both the designer and the wearer. Someone desires fame and wealth, or love and sympathy; what you have in your heart is reflected in the design. Those who don’t share my philosophy won’t buy my clothes. Peng is a caring person, devoted to charity and environmental protection, which is exactly what I’m doing now. ”
However, regardless of the brand, Peng’s support of Chinese labels has surprised millions of Chinese who favor foreign fashion brands.
“Instead she presented a vision of Chinese fashion, desiring to bring Chinese designers to the world stage, ”says a western designer.
The first lady’s double-breasted coat and her black leather handbag aren’t available at any of Exception’s shops, though Exception’s physical stores do have seen a rising number of visitors.
【文章大意】第一夫人彭丽媛第一次陪同习主席出国访问, 她一身高贵优雅的服装吸引了世人的目光, 服装设计师马可也从幕后走了出来。
1. The passage mainly discusses .
A. the designer of the first lady Peng Liyuan’s dress, Ma Ke
B. the friendship between Peng Liyuan and her designer
C. Peng Liyuan’s clothes on her first state visit
D. the reactions to Peng Liyuan’s first visit to Moscow
【解析】选A。主旨大意题。本题的答案主要依据文章第一段, 因为此为资讯类题材, 其主旨或标题不在概括全文, 而是最吸引人的部分, 尤其是最后一句The reporter released the secret—Ma Ke. (记者揭开了主设计师马可的面纱), 此句由reporter亦可判断是一则资讯。
. In the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 Ma Ke mentioned“an egg and the hen”to show .
A. it is hard to explain“which came first, the egg or the hen? ”
B. paying such great attention to her was unnecessary
C. the outcome was more important than the process
D. her dissatisfaction with the media attention on her dress
【解析】选B。推理判断题。在第三段提到马可说的这句话, 再结合前一句中Ma prefers a low-key approach可以看出马可是一个低调的人, 即对应答案B。选项A说鸡和蛋谁先出现, 属于无关选项, 可排除; 选项C说结果比过程重要, 和马可的为人不符合, 也不能推出; D说表达不满, 不合文意。
. In the passage, Peng Liyuan .
A. often reflects on what she has in her heart before choosing clothes
B. is sympathetic and has a strong environmental consciousness
C. always desires the exceptional charm of the brand
D. is knowledgeable in philosophy
【解析】选B。推理判断题。第五段中Peng is a caring person, devoted to charity and environmental protection正好对应选项B中的有同情心的和强烈的环保意识。
. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Peng wears the dress designed by a Chinese designer probably to support Chinese brands.
B. Many citizens found Peng Liyuan’s choice quite unexpected.
C. Black leather handbags like Peng’s are widely sold in bag stores in big cities.
D. After Peng Liyuan’s visit to Moscow Ma Ke’s clothes became more popular.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段中The first lady’s double-breasted coat and her black leather handbag aren’t available at any of Exception’s shops可知选项C是错的, 即应选C。
阅读理解Who Owns the Moon?
Within the next ten years, the U. S. , China, Israel, and a crowd of private companies plan to set up camp on the moon. So if and when they plant a flag, does that give them property(财产)rights?
A NASA working group hosted a discussion this week to ask: Who owns the moon? The answer, of course, is no use. The Outer Space Treaty, the international law signed by more than 100 countries, states that the moon and other celestial bodies(天体)are the province of all mankind. No doubt that would annoy all of the people throughout the ages, like monks from the Middle Ages, who have tried to claim the moon was theirs.
But ownership is different from property rights. People who rent apartments, for example, don’t own where they live, but they still hold rights. So with all of the upcoming missions(派遣团)to visit the moon and beyond, space industry thought leaders are seriously asking themselves how to deal with a potential land rush.
“This is a very relevant discussion right now. We’ve got this wave of new lunar missions from around the world, ”said William Marshall, a scientist in the small-spacecraft office at NASA, but who spoke this week at an event hosted by NASA’s Co Lab, a collaborative(协力完成的)public-private working group. He was speaking from his personal interest and not on behalf of the agency.
To be sure, the United States aims to send astronauts back to the moon by as early as 2015, in a mission that would include a long-term settlement. China and Israel, among others, are also working on lunar projects. And for the first time, several private groups are building spacecraft to land on the moon in an attempt to win millions of dollars in the Google Lunar X Prize. Some participants say that they plan to gain some property rights in the mission.
【文章大意】本文介绍了世界范围内的登陆月球热, 以及作者对这种现象的担忧。
1. In the passage the writer seems to be worrying that .
A. the US will live on the moon forever
B. the moon will not be able to hold all mankind
C. the potential land rush will become more and more frequent
D. no one can answer the question“Who owns the moon? ”
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段space industry thought leaders are seriously asking themselves how to deal with a potential land rush一句可知太空行业认为领导人们正严肃地问自己如何应对潜在的登陆热, 这也表达了作者的担心。
2. “The Google Lunar X Prize”aims to .
A. encourage private groups to land on the moon
B. help NASA host a discussion about land rush on the moon
C. help some developing countries to complete their lunar projects
D. reward some countries or private groups which haven’t stepped on the moon
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据最后一段several private groups are building spacecraft to land on the moon in an attempt to win millions of dollars in the Google Lunar X Prize一句可知Google Lunar X Prize用来鼓励私人团体登陆月球。
3. The underlined word“that”in the first paragraph refers to .
A. the Outer Space Treaty
B. if and when they plant a flag
C. the NASA working group
D. monks from the Middle Ages
【解析】选B。词义猜测题。that代指前句中的if and when they plant a flag。本句意为: 如果当他们在月球上插上一面国旗时, 这会赋予他们领土所有权么?
4. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
A. The U. S. astronauts will live on the moon for a longer time.
B. Many countries and private groups plan to go to the moon.
C. Why some private groups wish to land on the moon.
D. It is easy to gain some property rights on the moon.
【解析】选B。主旨大意题。最后一段主要介绍了世界上一些国家及私人团体或个人正计划登陆月球。
阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2017·溧阳模拟)
An Israeli law banning too-skinny models went into effect with the start of 2017. The law, approved last March in Israel, requires models to prove they have maintained a Body Mass Index(BMI)of at least 18. 5 for three months before a fashion show. That means a woman who is 5’8”tall can weigh no less than 119 pounds.
“This law is another step in the war against eating disorders, ”said physician Adatto. “Underweight models, ”he explained, “can no longer serve as role models for innocent young people who copy their false image of being skinny. ”
But some critics in this country say it is misguided, focusing on weight instead of health. They also say the Israeli ban is bound to fail because of the strong power of the fashion industry. “I think it’s an approach that isn’t going to work, ”said eating disorder expert Susan Ice, who worked with an organization which creates a healthy working environment for models.
But Adatto told the reporter that he began to concern the issue after meeting an aspiring model who looked like she needed to be hospitalized. He said, “I realized that only legislation(立法)can change the situation. There was no time to waste; so many girls were dieting to death. ”
However, the efforts to regulate model’s weight in Spain and Italy have not resulted in part because of difficulties in determining reliable methods of measuring weight and health.
Still, folks including Ice say there’s no denying that images from Hollywood and the fashion industry can be difficult for young women to deal with. “Certainly I don’t believe the modeling industry has caused the rise in eating disorders, but it makes it harder, ”she says. “It’s a difficult recovery environment, worshiping thinness as the beauty ideal. ”
【文章大意】本文讲述了以色列出台了一项新法律, 限制模特太瘦, 此项新法律引起了争议。
1. What does BMI in the first paragraph refer to?
A. A measure of body health based on height and weight.
B. A worldwide prize for the healthier model.
C. A new show held by those skinny models.
D. A kind of medicine to cure eating disorders.
【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据该词后面的at least 18. 5 for three months before a fashion show(在时装表演前至少三个月达到18. 5)可知BMI是一个标准, 所以A项正确。BMI指“身体质量指数”。
. One benefit the new Israeli law may bring is.
A. to change the working conditions of models
B. to lower the chance of skinny model’s death
C. to prevent models from suffering from eating disorders
D. to provide guidance for women worshiping thinness
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“This law is another step in the war against eating disorders”可知C项正确。
. In the opinion of the critics, the law won’t succeed because.
A. it misleads young women to form a bad eating habit
B. the fashion industry is much too influential
C. it doesn’t provide a proper approach that can work well
D. it doesn’t create a healthy working environment for models
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第三段中的“They also say the Israeli ban is bound to fail because of the strong power of the fashion industry. ”可知B项正确。
. According to the passage, the new Israeli law banning skinny models is.
A. practicalB. acceptable
C. reasonable D. controversial
【解析】选D。观点态度题。本文讲述以色列出台一项法律限制模特过瘦, 文中陈述了正反两种观点, 一种赞成, 一种反对, 所以此项新法律是有争议的。
阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
China’s new buzzword, tuhao, may be in next year’s Oxford English Dictionary.
“If its influence continues, it is very likely to appear on our updated list of words, ”said Julie Kleeman, project manager with the editing team.
In Chinese, tu means uncouth and hao means rich. It has traditionally been referred to rich people who throw their weight around in China’s rural areas. In recent years, people borrowed the term to describe those who spend money in an irrational(没道理的)manner. The word gained credence in September with the launch of Apple’s new gold-colored iPhone, an item loved by China’s rich people. The color became known as“tuhao gold. ”The word is now often used by the online community to refer to people who have the cash but lack the class to go with it.
Kleeman also mentioned two other Chinese words—dama and hukou—which may also be taken in the dictionary. Hukou means household registration in Chinese and has been widely used.
Dama, meaning middle-aged women, was first used in the Western media by the Wall Street Journal in May when thousands of Chinese women were buying up record number of gold. They were the driving force in the global gold market between April and June when the gold prices had slumped(下跌).
“We have nearly 120 Chinese-linked words now in Oxford English Dictionary, ”she said. Some of them are: Guanxi, literally meaning“connection”, is the system of social networks and influential relationships which facilitate business and other dealings. Taikonaut is a mix of taikong, meaning outer space, and astronaut.
The new words will be first uploaded on the official website before the dictionaries arrive. The online version is also renewed every three months. “It at least broke our old rules. It used to take 10 years to include a new word but now we keep the pace with the era, ”according to John Simpson.
【文章大意】在近期一档关于中国热词的栏目播出后, “tuhao”一词引起了《牛津英语词典》编著者的关注。这个中国时髦热词“tuhao(土豪)”明年有望被收入《牛津英语词典》。
1. What does“Tuhao”mean now?
A. The rich who like iPhone made of gold.
B. The people who have power in the countryside.
C. The people who spend money reasonably.
D. The rich who find no class to belong to.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段的The word isnow often used by the online community to refer to peoplewho have the cash but lack the class to go with it. 可知, tuhao指的是那些有钱但是没有阶层归属的人们。
. Why is the word“Dama”popular now?
A. They bought gold in the global market.
B. They are wealthy middle-aged women.
C. They brought the gold prices down.
D. They worked on the Wall Street.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第五段的when thousands of Chinese women were buying up record number of gold. They were the driving force in the global gold market可知, 大妈一词来自于购买国际市场上黄金的人们。
. Which word has already been in the Oxford English Dictionary?
A. Tuhao. B. Taikonaut.
C. Dama.
D. Hukou.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的We have nearly 120 Chinese-linked words now in Oxford English Dictionary和Taikonaut is a mix of taikong, meaning outer space, and astronaut可知选B。
4. According to John, the Oxford English Dictionary .
A. updates its new version every three months
B. takes 10 years to include a new word now
C. speeds up its acceptance of new words
D. has its online version to collect new words
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段的It used to take 10 years to include a new word but now we keep the pace with the era可知, 现在牛津词典收录新词的速度快了。
阅读理解Increased use of the Internet and mobile phones is undermining pupils’ ability for independent study and promoting poor grammar, it was claimed.
Cranfield School of Managementfound almost six in ten schoolchildrenwere copying information directly
from websites for homework tasks without
properly reading it.
More than a quarter thought it was an acceptable practice,
even though they know it was considered plagiarism(剽窃).
The study, based on a sample of around 260 pupils aged from 11 to 18 at a secondary school in the Midlands, raised concerns that modern technology was having a destructive effect on young people.
Andrew Kakabadse, professor of international management development at Cranfield, said, “Our research shows that technology obsession(痴迷)prevents spelling skills, encourages plagiarism, and disturbs classroom learning. ”
“Despite school policies restricting mobile phone usage, students use the phone frequently, with the majority making calls from the toilets. The mobile phone continues to be a main channel of social communication during the school day. ”
The report revealed that so-called“text-speak”was increasingly finding it was into pupils’ school work.
Three in ten students admit to using text message shortcuts, such as“r u ok”in essays and classroom tasks.
It followed a study earlier this year that found almost half of the teachers failed to understand some pupils’ writing because it was so full of confusing language.
Phrases such as“innit”and“Gr8”were regularly found in school work.
The Cranfield study found that mobile use was so common that many pupils chose to ignore school rules on phones.
More than a third said they would use their mobile in class, while nearly three quarters said they would not even make an excuse to leave class to answer a phone call.
【文章大意】使用互联网和手机的学生越来越多了。可是, 科技不仅给学生们带来了便捷, 也给他们的学习带来了很多不利影响。
1. The underlined word“undermining”in the first paragraph can best be replaced by“ ”.
A. determining
B. keeping
C. weakening
D. increasing
【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据第二、三两段可知, 靠照搬网上资料完成家庭作业, 实际上是一种抄袭, 会影响学生的独立学习能力。undermining是“逐渐损害, 削弱”的意思, 故此处可以用weakening来代替。
2. It can be inferred from what Kakabadse said that .
A. he is in favour of students’ mobile phone usage at school
B. he believes schools are responsible for technology obsession
C. the research finds a new way to improve school management
D. it is hard to limit students’ mobile phone usage at school
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第六段第一句中的with the majority making calls from the toilets和第二句The mobile phone . . . the school day. 可推断, 限制学生在学校使用手机是很困难的。
3. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Most students’ writing skills are becoming worse.
B. Text message language may affect pupils’ language skills.
C. Students like to invent new words in their writing.
D. 30% pupils often send text messages when studying.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第七至九段可知, 短信语言可能会给学生的语言技能带来不利影响。
4. What’s the attitude of the author to the problem?
A. Optimistic.
B. Approving.
C. Anxious.
D. Tolerant.
【解析】选C。观点态度题。从文章的字里行间可以看出作者对学生使用诸如手机之类的高科技产品持忧虑态度。故答案为C。