2017四川剑阁县高考英语阅读理解一轮编练
2016高考训练题。阅读理解。
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
Even before there were people, there were cases of air pollution. There were dust storms. Volcanoes erupted, sending ash and poisonous gases into the atmosphere. When people appeared on the scene and began their conquest of nature, they also began to pollute the air. They cleared land, which made possible even larger dust storms. They built cities, and the soot(煤烟) from their hearths filled the air. The Roman author Seneca wrote in AD 61 of the “stink, soot and heavy air” of the imperial city. In 1257, the Queen of England was forced to move away from the city of Nottingham because the heavy smoke was unbearable. The industrial revolution brought even worse air pollution. Coal was burned to power factories and to heat homes. Soot, smoke, and sulfur dioxide(二氧化硫) fill the air.
The good old days? Not in the factory towns. But there were large rural areas unaffected by air pollution.
With increasing population, the entire world is becoming more urban. It is the huge cities that are most affected by air pollution. But rural areas are not unaffected. In the neighborhoods around smoky factories, there is evidence of increased rates of spontaneous abortion(自然流产) and of poor wool quality in sheep, decreased egg production and a high death rate in chickens.
Traffic police in Tokyo have to wear gas masks and take “oxygen breaks”—breathing occasionally from tanks of oxygen. Smog in Athens at times has forced factory closings and traffic restrictions. Acid rain in Canada is caused by air pollution in the United States, contributing to strained relationships between the two countries. Sydney, Rome, Tehran, Ankara, Mexico City, and most other major cities in the world have had frightening experiences of air pollution.
One of the two major types of smog—consisting of smoke, fog, sulfur dioxide, sulfuring acid (H2SO4), ash and soot—is called London smog. Indeed, the word smog is thought to have originated in England in 1905 as a contraction of the words “smoke” and “fog”.
Probably the worst case of smog in history started in London on Thursday, 4 December, 1952. A large cold air mass moved into the valley of the Thames River. A temperature inversion placed a blanket of warm air over the cold air. With nightfall, a dense fog and below-freezing temperatures caused the people of London to put coal into their small stoves. Millions of these fires burned throughout the night, pouring sulfur dioxide and smoke into the air. The next day, Friday, the people continued to burn coal when the temperature remained below freezing. The factories added their smoke and chemical fumes to the atmosphere.
Saturday was a day of darkness. For twenty miles around London, no light came through the smog. The air was cold and still. And the coal fires continued to burn throughout the weekend. On Monday, 8 December, more than one hundred people died of heart attacks while trying desperately to breathe. By the time a breeze cleared the air on Tuesday, 9 December, more than 4,000 deaths had been caused by the smog.
Soot and ash can be removed by electrostatic precipitators(静电吸尘器). Unfortunately, they use large amounts of electricity, and the electrical energy, which is hardly affordable for most of us, has to come from somewhere. Fly ash removed from the air has to be put on the land or water, although it could be used in some way.
The elimination(去除) of sulfur dioxide is more difficult. Low-sulfur coal is rare and expensive. Although sulfur can be washed from finely pulverized(粉末化) coal, the process is expensive. There are also processes for changing dirty coal into clean liquid and gaseous fuels. These processes may hold promise for the future, but they are too expensive to compete economically with other fuels at present. They also waste a part of the coal’s energy.
1. What is the passage mainly talking about?
A. The type and form of pollution .
B. The cause and effect of pollution.
C. The situation and elimination of pollution.
D. The concept and examples of pollution.
2. What can we infer from the first paragraph?
A. Human beings should not have begun their conquest of nature.
B. Human activities contribute more to pollution than natural disasters do.
C. Seneca and the Queen of England were both over-sensitive to air pollution.
D. The industrial revolution was a disadvantage in terms of air pollution.
3. With the example of “decreased egg production” in Paragraph 3, the author intends to_______
A. explain why the world is becoming more urban
B. indicate that heavy pollution also exists in rural areas
C. show that large cities are most affected by air pollution
D. prove smoky factories are more affected by air pollution
4. What is the right order about the 1952 London Smog?
a. A breeze cleared the air of London.
b. Thousands of people died.
c. There was a day of darkness in London.
d. A large cold air mass caused a blanket of warm air over London.
e. London people made continuous fires from coal to keep warm.
A. d-e-c-b-a
B. c-e-d-a-b C. d-c-e-b-a
D. c-d-e-a-b
5. What does the author mainly want to say in the last two paragraphs?
A. The technology to remove air pollution is only currently in development.
B. Society must be prepared to spend whatever it takes to eliminate air pollution.
C. Air pollution control is too costly to be achieved at the current time.
D. Pollution can be controlled using man-made scientific techniques.
6. It can be inferred that when writing this article, the author was in a(an) ____mood about the topic.
A. sympathetic
B. optimistic
C. desperate
D. concerned
参考答案1—6、CDBACD
阅读下列短文，从每小题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
It seems like every day there's some new research about whether our favorite drinks are good for us.
One day,
science says a glass of red wine a day will help us livelonger. The next day, maybe not.
It seems journalists are pretty interested in wine research and the same might be said for coffee.
Now there's been a lot of research into whether coffee's good for our health "the results have really been mixed"，admits Neal Freedman who led the coffee study and published his findings in a medical journal recently.
"There's been some evidence that coffee might increase the risk of certain diseases and there's also
been
maybe
more recent evidence that coffee
may protect against other diseases as well".
Freedman and his colleagues undertook the biggest study yet to look at the relationship between coffee and health.
They analyzed data collected from
more than
400，000 Americans ages 50 to 70 participating in the study.
"We found that the coffee drinkers had a modestly lower risk of death than the non-drinkers， he said.
Here's what he means by "modestly": those who drank at least two or three cups a day were about 10 percent or 15 percent less likely to die for any reason during the 13 years of the study when the researchers looked at specific causes of death, coffee drinking appeared to cut the
risk
of
dying from
heart
disease, lung
disease injuries,
accidents
and infections.
Now, Freedman stressed that the study doesn't prove coffee can make people live longer.A study like this can never prove a cause-and-effect relationship.
All it can really do is to point researchers in the right direction for further investigation. And even if it turns out that coffee is really good for you, scientists have no idea why.
【文章大意】本文是一篇科学调查报告。文章通过科学调查研究了喝咖啡与疾病的关系。
63. According to the first paragraph，reporters
would like to
know
the research findings of_______.
A.
tea
B.
beer
C.
coffee
D.
wine
64. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?
A.
Freedman and his colleagues hired 400，000 Americans to collect date.
B.
People who took part in Freedman's research are about 50 to 70 years old.
C.
About 400, 000 Americans worked for Freedman's team for 13 years.
D.
People who are 50 to 70 years old seldom drink wffee.
【答案】B
【解析】根据文章中的They analyzed data collected from
more than
400，000 Americans ages 50 to 70 participating in the study.可知B正确。A错在没有more than；C错在忽视了定语从句those who drank at least two or three cups a day……;D项与文章内容不符。
【考点定位】考查细节理解。
65. According to the author, scientists________.
A.
have already proved that coffee is good for human health
B.
have a long way to go before they find a way to study coffee
C.
have avoided the cause-and-effect approach to study coffee
D.
are still unable to figure out why coffee is good for us
【答案】D
【解析】根据文章最后一段中的even if it turns out that coffee is really good for you, scientists have no idea why.可知D正确。
【考点定位】考查推理判断。
66. Which of the following can be the best title?
A.
The Magical Effects of Coffee
B.
Neal Freedman and His Research
C.
Can Coffee Help You Live Longer?
D.
A Cup of Coffee A Day Makes Diseases Away
【答案】C
【解析】根据文章的整体内容及最后一段可知C正确。
【考点定位】考查文章的标题。
阅读下列短文，从每小题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Many times
when
people
hear
the
words
social
networking,
their
brains automatically go to sites such as Twitter or Facebook.
However, there are sites for those into social networking and into reading.
Sound crazy?, It's really not.
If you've ever wanted a site where you can receive book recommendations，follow your favorite authors，and keep up with what your friends are reading, then look no further than Goodreads. com.
Goodreads provides useful services for those in the reading world.
It is a site where you can win books by going to giveaways（赠书）and simply entering your information. Some giveaways are even signed by the author.
And the books aren't boring，old or torn copies —— many of them are ARC's (Advanced Readers Copies)，for which you can write a short review on the site.
Anyone can post reviews of their favorite books or series so that others may feel inclined to read them as well.
Another function of the site is offering book clubs and interest groups.
You can have interactive discussions with groups of people reading the same things，sort of like a blog.
You can also
make friends with people and post statuses similar to Facebook. Your friends can send you book recommendations and you can add them to your shelf if you choose.
Shelves are by far one of the best features on the site.
You can categorize（归类） your entire library and put books you want to read on your“to-read” shelf.
These virtual（虚拟的）shelves allow you to see what you've read and also let you keep track of the number of books you've read in a year.
You can even read original writing for free because many people post their own writing on the site to gain feedback and advice on how to improve. Anyone can join this site for free and fall in love with not just a book, but a book site as well.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个人们交友读书的网站Goodreads. com.。
67.
People who go to the site Twitter or Facebook mostly want to_______．
A.
get more books to read
B.
meet more people and make friends
C.
buy goods for their daily life
D.
post their book recommendations
68.
The underlined part“feel inclined" in.
Paragraph 3 is the closest in meaning to______.
A.
have a desire
C.
have no difficulty
C.
have a possibility
D.
have no doubt
69.
You can do all of the following things on Goodreads. com EXCEPT_______．
A.
receiving books signed by the authors
B.
publishing your comments on books
C.
exchanging your ideas with other people
D.
buying all kinds of books that you like
【答案】D
【解析】根据文章中的Goodreads provides useful services for those in the reading world.
It is a site where you can win books by going to giveaways（赠书）and simply entering your information.可知D正确。
【考点定位】考查细节理解。
70.
What do we know about the shelves on Goodreads. com?
A.
They are filled with all kinds of books from some libraries.
B.
The books there are categorized for readers by the site.
C.
That is where people put books they have read or want to read
D.
New books will continuously be added to readers by the site.
社会生活类阅读理解。
Do you want to love what you do for a living? Follow your passion. This piece of advice provides the foundation for modern thinking on career satisfaction. But this can be a problem.
I've spent the past several years researching and writing about the different strategies we use to seek happiness in our work. It became clear early in the process that the suggestion to ” follow your passion" was flawed, for it lacks scientific evidence. However, it doesn't mean you should abandon the goal of feeling passionate about your work. The reality emphasizes that things are quite complicated.
Passion is earned. Different people are looking for different things in their work, but generally, people with satisfying careers enjoy some combination of the following features: autonomy，respect，competence，creativity，and a sense of impact. In other words，if you want to feel passionate about your livelihood，don't seek the perfect job，but seek to get more of these features in the job you already have.
Passion is elusive (难捉摸的）.Many people develop the rare and valuable skills leading to passion , but still end up unhappy in their work. The problem is that the features leading you to love your work are more likely to be useful to you than your organization. As you become increasingly ‘‘valuable”，for example, your boss might push you toward traditional promotions that come with more pay and more responsibility, as this is what is most useful to your company. However, you might find more passion by applying your value to gain autonomy in your schedule or project selection.
Passion is dangerous. I've watched too many of my peers fall into anxiety and chronic job-hoppirig due to the ‘‘follow your passion” advice. The issue is expectations. If you believe we all have a pre-existing passion，and that matching it to a job will lead to instant workplace happiness,reality will always pale in comparison.
Work is hard. Not every day is fun. If you're seeking a dream job, you'll end up frustrated, again and again. Don't set out to discover passion. Instead, set out to develop it. This path might be longer and more complicated than what most cheerful career guides might advocate，but it's a path much more likely to lead you somewhere worth going.
67. People satisfied with their careers are _______.
A. autonomous and passionateB. creative and competent
C. respectable and sensitiveD. creative and passionate
68. What is the author's advice on achieving career satisfaction?
A. Developing passion for what one is doing.
B. Matching the pre-existing passion to one's work.
C. Figuring out early what one will do in the future.
D. Discovering skills that lead to interesting careers.
69. The underlined sentence in Para. 5 probably means that _______.
A. it is not easy to match our passion with our jobs
B. we shouldn't think everyone has a pre-existing passion
C. high expectations of passion in jobs bring disappointment
D. workplace happiness does not require a pre-existing passion
70. What's the author's attitude towards the advice of “following your passion”？
A. Ambiguous. B. Supportive.C. Cautious.D. Disapproving.
【参考答案】1. 67-70 BACD