Module 2
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2016·贵州省黔南州高三三校联考)
In an ideal world，people would not test medicines on animals. Such experiments are stressful and sometimes painful for animals，and expensive and time－consuming for people. Yet animal experimentation is still needed to help bridge vast gaps in medical knowledge. That is why there are some 50 to 100 million animals used in research around the world each year.
Europe，on the whole，has the world's most restrictive(严格的) laws on animal experiments. Even so，its scientists use some 12 million animals a year，most of them mice and rats，for medical research. Official statistics show that just 1.1 million animals are used in research in America each year. But that is misleading. The American authorities do not think mice and rats are worth counting and，as these are the most common laboratory animals，the true figure is much higher. Japan and China have even less comprehensive(全面的) data than America.
Now Europe is reforming the rules governing animal experiments by restricting the number of animals used in labs. Alternatives to animal testing，such as using human tissue or computer models，are now strongly recommended. In addition，sharing all research results freely should help to reduce the number of animals for scientific use. At present，scientists often share only the results of successful experiments. If their findings do not fit the hypothesis(假设) being tested，the work never sees the light of day. This practice means wasting time，money，and animals' lives in endlessly repeating the failed experiments.
Animal experimentation has taught humanity a great deal and saved countless lives. It needs to continue，even if that means animals sometimes suffer. Europe's new measures should eventually both reduce the number of animals used in experiments and improve the way in which scientific research is conducted.
语篇解读：用动物进行试验被人们的舆论推向了风口浪尖，然而，受诸多因素的影响，终止动物试验的道路依然任重而道远。尽管欧洲有严格的法律限制，但是仍然需要另找突破。
1．What is the main idea of this passage?
A．The success of animal experiments should be ensured.
B．A ban on the use of animals in the lab should be enforced.
C．Greater efforts need to be taken to reduce the number of lab animals.
D．Scientists should be required to share their research results with each other.
答案：C 主旨大意题。文章第一段指出用动物进行试验难以杜绝的原因，第二段提到欧洲对动物试验的法律限制的效果并不理想，第三段讲了欧洲为限制动物试验所作的努力，最后一段提到欧洲的新措施应该既要减少用于试验的动物的数量，又要改善科学研究的方法，所以C项最能概括文章大意。
2．Which of the following statements is true about animals used in the lab?
A．America uses only about 1.1 million lab animals per year.
B．Europe does not use mice and rats as lab animals at all.
C．Britain does not use as many lab animals as China does.
D．Japan has limited data on the number of lab animals used each year.
答案：D 正误判断题。第二段的最后一句提到日本和中国与美国的数据相比甚至更不全面，由此可推知日本对每年用于实验室动物的数据记录有限。
3．Which of the following is mentioned as an alternative to replace animal experiments?
A．Statistical studies.
B．Computer models.
C．DNA planted in animals.
D．Tissue from dead animals.
答案：B 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句中的内容可知可用“人体组织”和“电脑模型”来取代动物试验。
4．What usually happens to unsuccessful animal experiments?
A．They are not made known to the public.
B．They are made into teaching materials.
C．They are collected for future publication.
D．They are not removed from the research topic list.
答案：A 推理判断题。根据第三段中的倒数第二、第三句可知，科学家们只分享成功的试验，如果结果与假设不符，所做的工作将永不公开。由此可推断不成功的试验不会展示给公众。
Ⅱ.七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2015·河北衡水中学二模)
The relationship between parents and teachers is important in the development of a child. The good communication between them is communication that says, “I care about my child, and I value school. ” The best way a parent can show how much he or she values learning is by sending a prepared child to school every day.
__1__Once a child gets behind in class, catching up can be difficult.
Parents and teachers are partners in student development. A school community is built on relationships established among children, teachers and children's families.
Here are tips for creating a positive relationship with your child's teacher.
Meet with your child's teacher in the fall. __2__—his or her special needs, outside activities, health, and home study habits.
Look for the positive.__3__ Share with your child's teacher something you particularly appreciated regarding the teacher's role in the academic and/or social development of your child.
Let the teacher know that you want to support the work that is being done in class. Ask for suggestions for expanding school activities into home activities.
__4__ You can send a note of thanks when something special takes place in the classroom and your child is involved.
Be willing to participate in or set up a conference when you or your child's teacher feels a special meeting is needed, such as...
·__5__
·Your child seems to be deeply upset about something that happened at school.
A．When a child is absent from school, important lessons may be missed.
B．Phone your child's teacher if necessary.
C．The teachers need to feel appreciated for the job they do.
D．This is a good time for the teacher to learn more about your child.
E．Express your appreciation to the teacher.
F．The beginning of every term is very important.
G．There is a dramatic drop in your child's grades.
语篇解读：本文为说明文。说明了家长与教师之间的关系在儿童成长过程中的重要性。
1．A 根据设空后的“Once a child gets behind in class, catching up can be difficult.”可知选A项。
2．D 由设空处破折号后的内容可知选D项。
3．C 由设空后的“...appreciated regarding the teacher's role...”，可知选C项。
4．E 由设空后的“... a note of thanks”，可知选E项。
5．G 由上文“...your child's teacher feels a special meeting is needed”及与之并列的下一条内容可知选C项。
Ⅲ.完形填空
I had worried myself sick over Simon's mother coming to see me.I was a new __1__， and I gave an honest account of the students' work. In Simon's case, the grades were awfully low. He couldn't read his own handwriting.__2__ he was a bright student. He discussed adult subjects with nearly adult comprehension. His work in no way reflected his __3__.
So when Simon's mother entered the room, my palms(手掌心) were sweating. I was completely __4__ for her kisses on both my cheeks. “I came to thank you，” she said, surprising me beyond speech.__5__ me, Simon had become a different person. He talked of how he __6__ me, he had begun to make friends, and for the first time in his twelve years, he had __7__ spent an afternoon at a friend's house. She wanted to tell me how grateful she was for the __8__ I had nurtured(培养) in her son. She kissed me again and left.
I sat, stunned (惊呆), for about half an hour，__9__ what had just happened. How did I make such a lifechanging difference to that boy without __10__
knowing it? What I finally came to __11__ was one day, several months before, when some students were __12__ reports in the front of the class. Jeanne spoke
__13__， and to encourage her to raise her voice, I had said, “Speak up. Simon's the expert on this. He is the __14__ one you have to convince, and he can't hear you in the __15__ of the room.” That was it. From that day on, Simon had sat up straighter, paid more attention, __16__ more, and became happy. And it was all because he __17__ to be the last kid in the last row. The boy who most needed
__18__
was the one who took the last seat that day.
It taught me the most
__19__
lesson over the years of my teaching career, and I'm thankful that it came
__20__
and positively. A small kindness can indeed make a difference.
语篇解读：本文是夹叙夹议的文章。通过因为无意中自己的一句表扬的话语竟然改变了一个孩子，所以请不要吝啬你的鼓励的语言。
1．A．cleaner
B．reporter
C．monitor
D．teacher
答案：D 由空后的“I gave an honest amount of the students' work”可知，我是老师，故D项正确。
2．A．Or
B．And
C．But
D．So
答案：C 空前指“他的书写自己都读不出来”，而空后则说“他是个聪明的学生”，前后是转折关系，要用并列连词but连接并列句，故C项正确。
3．A．courage
B．abilities
C．feelings
D．dream
答案：B 上一句提到他几乎是用成年人的理解来讨论成年人的话题，所以，他的作业反映不出的应该是他的能力，故ability“能力”符合语境，B项正确。
4．A．desperate
B．responsible
C．unprepared
D．unsuitable
答案：C 上一句提到当西蒙的妈妈进入房间时，我的手掌出汗了。当她亲吻我的两颊时，是我意想不到的事情，也就是我完全没有做好准备。desperate“绝望的，不顾一切的”；responsible“负责任的”；unprepared“没做好准备的”；unsuitable“不合适的”。由语境可知C项正确。
5．A．Because of
B．In spite of
C．Apart from
D．As for
答案：A 上一句提到西蒙妈妈的话让我哑口无言。因为我，西蒙才成了一个不同的人。because of“因为”；in spite of“尽管”；apart from“除……之外(还)”；as for“关于，至于”。由语境可知A项正确。
6．A．loved
B．envied
C．pleased
D．criticized
答案：A 由前后语境可知，西蒙对妈妈说的是喜欢(love)我，而非envy“妒忌”，please“使满足”，criticize“批评”，故A项正确。
7．A．gradually
B．constantly
C．recently
D．obviously
答案：C 由语境可知，此处表示第一次在他人生的前12年里，他近来在朋友家里呆了一下午。gradually“逐渐地”；constantly“经常地”；recently“近来，最近”；obviously“显而易见地”。由语境可知C项正确。
8．A．selfrespect
B．selfdoubt
C．selfpity
D．selfdefense
答案：A 由前后语境可知，西蒙妈妈感激我的是我培养了孩子的自尊(selfrespect)而不是selfdoubt(自我怀疑)，selfpity(自怜)，selfdefense(自卫)，故 A项正确。
9．A．imagining
B．observing
C．wondering
D．regretting
答案：C 由前后语境可知，我没想到西蒙的妈妈会来，她说的话也是我意想不到的，因此，我惊呆了，接近半个小时的时间在疑惑到底发生了什么事。imagine“想象”；observe“观测”；wonder“疑惑，想知道”；regret“遗憾，后悔”。由语境可知C项正确。
10．A．also
B．even
C．always
D．still
答案：B 前面西蒙的妈妈提到，我改变了西蒙，此处指“我对西蒙的改变起了这么大的作用，我甚至不知道”。even“甚至”，表示递进符合语境，故B项正确。
11．A．expect
B．remember
C．believe
D．accept
答案：B 后面提到的某一天发生的事情应该是我记起来的，故remember正确。expect“期望，预料”；believe“相信”；accept“接受”；均不合语境，故B项正确。
12．A．writing
B．reviewing
C．editing
D．giving
答案：D 由语境可知，学生们在全班同学面前作报告。give reports“作报告”，为固定搭配，故D项正确。其他三项write“写”；review“复习”；edit“编辑”，均不合语境。
13．A．quietly
B．repeatedly
C．quickly
D．firmly
答案：A 由空后的speak up“大声说出来”可知，詹妮是在轻轻的说话，故A项正确。repeatedly“重复地”；quickly“迅速地”；firmly“坚定地”；均不合语境。
14．A．lucky
B．lonely
C．only
D．likely
答案：C 前一句提到，西蒙是这方面的专家，你只要让他信服就好了；也就是说，他是唯一一个你得使其信服的人，故选only，而非lucky“幸运的”，lonely“孤独的”与likely“可能的”。
15．A．entrance
B．middle
C．front
D．back
答案：D 前面提到，詹妮说话声音小，自然是坐在教室后面的同学听不见，故D项back符合语境。
16．A．slept
B．smiled
C．shouted
D．quarreled
答案：B 这就是西蒙变化的转折点。他坐得更直了，注意力更集中了，微笑的多了，变得快乐了。与 sit up straighter, pay more attention，become happy并列的只能是smile，而非sleep“睡觉”；shout“大声喊”；quarrel“吵架”，故B项正确。
17．A．intended
B．pretended
C．refused
D．happened
答案：D 前面提到，我让詹妮说话大点声，因为坐在后面的同学听不见，而恰好西蒙就是在最后一排的最后一名同学。happen to be“碰巧是”，符合语境。
18．A．change
B．praise
C．thanks
D．visits
答案：B 由前面的语境可知，就是无意当中的一句表扬的话竟然改变了一个孩子。也就是说，那天最需要表扬的孩子就是坐在最后排的那个。故B项正确。
19．A．difficult
B．painful
C．valuable
D．enjoyable
答案：C 前面那个故事使我学到了我多年教学生涯的一个很有价值的经验教训。difficult“困难的”；painful“痛苦的”；valuable“有价值的”；enjoyable“令人愉快的”。由语境可知，这件事情让我受益颇多，自然是有价值的，故C项正确。
20．A．early
B．slowly
C．frequently
D．occasionally
答案：A 由语境可知，西蒙的改变还不算晚，并且是朝着好的方面改变，因为这样我很感激。我无意当中的一句表扬的话语对西蒙的生活产生了如此巨大的影响。
Ⅳ.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2015·宁夏银川一中一模)
Scientists have discovered that __1__(stay) in the cold could help us lose weight. Researchers at the University of California found that exposure to the cold increases levels of a protein that helps form brown fat—the type of fat that produces heat and keeps us warm. Brown fat burns energy, __2__ helps us lose weight. White fat stores extra energy, which results __3__ weight gain. The researchers said
that because air conditioning and heating give us constant, __4__(comfort) temperatures, our body's need for brown fat has decreased. They found that: “Outdoor workers in northern Finland who __5__(expose) to cold temperature have
__6__ significant amount of brown fat when __7__(compare) to sameaged indoor workers.”
The research was conducted on two different control groups of mice. __8__
group was injected with the protein that helps create brown fat.This group later gained 30% less weight after both groups were fed highfat diets. The researchers say this could be good news in the fight against obesity. People who are obese have __9__(low) levels of brown fat than thinner people. Head researcher Hei Sook Sul said: “This protein could become an important target for research into the treatment and prevention of obesity and obesityrelated diseases.” She added：“If you can somehow increase levels of this protein, you could __10__(possible) lose more weight even if eating the same amount of food.”
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
语篇解读：科学家发现寒冷的环境可帮助我们减肥。
1．staying 考查非谓语动词作主语。句意：科学家们发现待在寒冷的环境中会有助于我们减肥。“__1__(stay)in the cold”作主语，且表示抽象概念，故用动名词作主语。
2．which 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：棕褐色脂肪燃烧热量，这可以帮助我们减肥。先行词为前面一句话，关系词在定语从句中作主语且表示“事”，故用which引导。
3．in 考查动词短语。result in“引起，导致”。
4．comfortable 考查形容词。设空处后为名词，故可判断设空处应用形容词作temperatures的定语。
5．are exposed 本题以定语从句的形式考查动词被动语态及主谓一致。设空处为定语从句的谓语动词，它需与先行词outdoor workers(名词复数)保持一致；此外outdoor workers与expose“使暴露”为被动关系，故用被动语态。综上所述答案为are exposed。
6．a 考查冠词。a significant amount of为固定搭配，意为：大量的。an amount of后需加不可数名词。
7．compared 考查非谓语动词作状语。compared to为固定搭配，意为：与……相比。
8．One 考查限定词。根据上句的“two different control groups of mice”可判断此处答案为one。
9．lower 考查形容词比较级。根据语境中的than可判断此处应为形容词的比较级。
10．possibly 考查副词。设空处在句中作状语，故用副词形式。