Module 4
Ⅰ.阅读理解
The values of artistic works，according to cultural relativism (相对主义)，are simply reflections of local social and economic conditions.Such a view，however，fails to explain the ability of some works of art to excite the human mind across cultures and through centuries.
History has witnessed the endless productions of Shakespearean plays in every major language of the world.It is never rare to find that Mozart packs Japanese concert halls，as Japanese painter Hiroshige does Paris galleries.Unique works of this kind are different from today's popular art，even if they began as works of popular art.They have set themselves apart in their timeless appeal and will probably be enjoyed for centuries into the future.
In a 1757 essay，the philosopher David Hume argued that because “the general principles of taste are uniform (不变的) in human nature，”the value of some works of art might be essentially permanent.He observed that Homer was still admired after two thousand years.Works of this type，he believed，spoke to deep and unvarying features of human nature and could continue to exist over centuries.
Now researchers are applying scientific methods to the study of the universality of art.For example，evolutionary psychology is being used by literary scholars to explain the longlasting themes and plot devices in fiction.The structures of musical pieces are now open to experimental analysis as never before.Research findings seem to indicate that the creation by a great artist is as permanent an achievement as the discovery by a great scientist.
语篇解读：本文是说明文，主要介绍了根据文化相对主义，艺术作品永恒受欢迎的原因是人类的审美具有共同性，并且就此展开说明。
1．According to the passage，what do we know about cultural relativism?
A．It introduces different cultural values.
B．It explains the history of artistic works.
C．It relates artistic values to local conditions.
D．It excites the human mind throughout the world.
答案：C 推理判断题。根据第一段第一句话，可知根据相对主义，艺术作品就是把艺术的价值与当地的社会经济条件结合在一块，故选C项。
2．In paragraph 2，the artists are mentioned in order to show that ______.
A．great works of art can go beyond national boundaries
B．history gives art works special appeal to set them apart
C．popular arts are hardly distinguishable from great arts
D．great artists are skilled at combining various cultures
答案：A 推理判断题。第二段提及的艺术家的作品在历史长河中跨越了国界，因此可知艺术作品是没有国界的，故选A项。
3．According to Hume，some works of art can exist for centuries because ______.
A．they are results of scientific study
B．they establish some general principles of art
C．they are created by the world's greatest artists
D．they appeal to unchanging features of human nature
答案：D 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句话可知，David曾辩论到人性对于艺术鉴赏的总原则是不变的，所以一些艺术是可能永生的，故选D项。
4．Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?
A．Are Artistic Values Universal?
B．Are Popular Arts Permanent?
C．Is Human Nature Uniform?
D．Is Cultural Relativism Scientific?
答案：A 标题归纳题。本文主要从相对论的角度来说，艺术的价值只能反应当时的社会经济，但作者提出了不同的观点，故选A项。
Ⅱ.七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How do you stay true to yourself when you're surrounded by friends and/or family that have an opinion on everything you do? It's not easy! __1__ Here are four tips which can help you live a dynamic life.
__2__
Stay true to yourself by listening to the only opinions that really matter—your own and those from people who believe in and encourage you. Deep down you know yourself better than anybody else.
Don't fear people
__3__ The reason most people don't take risks, or live on the edge is the fear of what others might think of them. If you want to live the life you truly deserve, you must give up the need to be liked by everybody.
Value yourself and your choices
When you do, others will too. Own the choices you make in your life.__4__ When you believe in yourself, in time, others will believe in you too. Show confidence in your choices, and what you stand for whether others agree or not.
Focus on appreciation
No matter what the circumstances are, there is always something to be grateful for. All successful people ask，“What am I grateful for? How can I improve my situation and use these tough times to inspire others？” __5__
These steps, if applied, will help you transform your peace of mind, lifestyle, and productivity.
A．Focus on your own talents and strengths
B．Never let others' opinions guide your choices
C．Treat every person as they are important.
D．When you doubt yourself, others will doubt you.
E．Stay fearless in everything you will have to do.
F．Be thankful to life and be helpful to others, and you'll lead a successful life.
G．However，there are great possibilities that you can lead the life you really want.
语篇解读：本文为说明文。作者给出了几个如何使你忠于你自己(stay true to yourself)的建议。
1．G 本段的功能是提出主题。只有告诉读者忠于自己是可能的，才能接下面的句子。由此可见答案为G项。
2．B 根据本空下面的内容可知本段的主题是：永远不要让别人的观点影响你的选择。故答案为B项。
3．E 根据主题“Don't fear people”中的fear及E项中的fearless可推知E项为答案。
4．D D项(When you doubt yourself，others will doubt you.)与下面的“When you believe in yourself，in time，others will believe in you too.”构成对比。
5．F 根据本部分中的appreciation，grateful和F项中的thankful可判断F项为本题答案。
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2015·天津十二区县重点学校联考)
Born in 1963 in Sierra Visa, Arizona, USA, Jessica learned to live her life with her feet. Born without arms, she faced many __1__.
There were many questions at the time about whether Jessica would be able to live a “__2__”life. However, Jessica's father said he __3__ had a tear about her birth condition. He had full confidence in her potential.
With the __4__ of her parents and family, Jessica became confident in herself as an adult and continued to __5__ the world with her feet.
As a child, Jessica studied dance in her hometown. When her first __6__ arrived, she asked to be put in the back row. Her dance teacher told her there was no __7__row.
Tentatively she took the stage with the other students and performed her __8__. When she finished, the applause from the audience gave her encouragement and__9__ to continue dancing for 14 years. __10__， Jessica earned her first Black Belt in the International Taekwondo Federation at the age of 14.
After __11__ from high school, Jessiea attended the University of Arizona __12__ she earned a bachelor's degree in psychology. When talking about her degree, she frequently __13__ that psychology trusts the way people think has a greater __14__ on their lives than a physical limitation.
Jessica's most famous accomplishment was learning how to __15__. It took three states, four airplanes, two flight instructors and a discouraging year to __16__ the right aircraft: a 1946 415C Ercoupe Airplane. She __17__the Guinness World Record __18__ being the first person certified to fly an airplane with only her feet.
Jessica now __19__ a motivational speaker. She travels the world sharing her story and __20__ people to be creative and innovative.
语篇解读：本文讲述了天生没有手臂的杰西卡在家人的鼓励下，努力用双脚探索世界，学会舞蹈，甚至学会开飞机并获得吉尼斯世界纪录的故事。她还周游世界分享她的故事，鼓励人们要努力开创未来。
1.A．challenges B．trouble
C．advantages
D．influences
答案：A challenges意为“挑战”；trouble意为“麻烦”；advantages意为“优势”；influences意为“影响”。根据此空前的Born without arms可知杰西卡天生没有手臂，所以她要面对很多挑战，故A项正确。
2.A．unique
B．special
C．normal
D．unusual
答案：C unique意为“独特的”；special意为“特别的”；normal意为“正常的”；unusual意为“不同寻常的”。根据第一段可知杰西卡天生没有手臂，需要学会依靠脚来生活，所以此处表示对于她是否能过上正常的生活存在很多疑问，故C项正确。
3.A．frequently
B．never
C．ever
D．certainly
答案：B frequently意为“频繁地”；never意为“从未，决不”；ever意为“永远，曾经”；certainly意为“当然”。 根据此空前的转折副词however和下一句“He had full confidence in her potential”可推断此处表示杰西卡的父亲说他对女儿的出生状况从未流过一滴眼泪，他相信她的潜力，故B项正确。
4.A．argument
B．understanding
C．opposition
D．support
答案：D argument意为“争论”；understanding意为“理解”；opposition意为“反对，敌对”；support意为“支持”。根据语境可知此处表示在父母和家庭的支持下，杰西卡变得对自己充满自信，故D项正确。
5.A．decorate
B．explore
C．explode
D．establish
答案：B decorate意为“装饰”；explore意为“探索，探测”；explode意为“爆炸”；establish意为“建立”。根据第一段中“...Jessica learned to live her life with her feet”可知此处表示杰西卡继续用双脚探索世界，故B项正确。
6.A．performance
B．image
C．exhibition
D．appearance
答案：A performance意为“表演”；image意为“图像，形象”；exhibition意为“展览，显示”；appearance意为“外貌”。根据此空后的“she asked to be put in the back row.”可推断此处表示在她第一次表演舞蹈的时候，她要求被安排在后排，故A项正确。
7.A．back
B．front
C．edge
D．middle
答案：A 根据此空前的“...be put in the back row”和下段中“Tentatively she took the stage with the other students...”可知她的舞蹈老师告诉她没有后排，故A项正确。
8.A．line
B．emotion
C．routine
D．behavior
答案：C line意为“路线”；emotion意为“情感”；routine意为“例行程序”；behavior意为“行为”。根据语境可知此处表示她和其他学生一起在舞台上按部就班地表演节目，故C项正确。
9.A．sympathy
B．sorrow
C．doubt
D．confidence
答案：D sympathy意为“同情”；sorrow意为“悲伤”；doubt意为“怀疑”；confidence意为“自信”。根据语境可知此处表示观众的掌声给了她鼓励和继续跳舞的信心，故D项正确。
10．A．Unfortunately
B．Delightedly
C．Disappointedly
D．Hopefully
答案：B unfortunately意为“不幸地”；delightedly意为“高兴地，欣喜地”；disappointedly意为“失望地”；hopefully意为“有希望地，有前途地”。根据此空后的“Jessica earned her first Black Belt in the International Taekwondo Federation at the age of 14”可知这是令人高兴的事，故B项正确。
11．A．admitting
B．entering
C．graduating
D．settling
答案：C 根据此空后的“Jessica attended the University of Arizona”可知此处表示杰西卡高中毕业后， 上了亚利桑那州大学，graduate from意为“从……毕业”，为固定结构，故C项正确。
12．A．which
B．when
C．what
D．where
答案：D 分析句子成分可知，先行词是the University of Arizona，定语从句中缺少地点状语，故用where引导定语从句。
13．A．dreamed
B．ignored
C．explained
D．refused
答案：C dream意为“梦想”；ignore意为“忽略，忽视”；explain意为“解释”；refuse意为“拒绝”。根据此空后的“psychology trusts the way people think has a greater __14__ on their lives than a physical limitation”可知此处表示当谈论她的学位的时候，她经常解释说心理学相信人们思考的方式对他们的生活的影响比身体的局限要大，故C项正确。
14．A．symbol
B．frustration
C．evidence
D．impact
答案：D symbol意为“标志，象征”；frustration意为“挫折，沮丧”；evidence意为“证据”；impact意为“影响，效果”。have a greater impact on...意为“对……有更大的影响”，为固定结构，符合语境。
15．A．board
B．fly
C．seat
D．launch
答案：B board意为“登机”；fly意为“飞行”；seat意为“使……就座”；launch意为“发行”。根据下句“It look three states, four airplanes, two flight instructors and a discouraging year to __16__the right aircraft”可知她最著名的成就是学会了飞行，故B项正确。
16．A．find
B．lose
C．cancel
D．seek
答案：A 根据上文可知杰西卡天生没有手臂，所以飞行对她来说，首先得找到合适的飞机，故A项正确。
17．A．experienced
B．scheduled
C．received
D．praised
答案：C experience意为“经历，体验”；schedule意为“安排”；receive意为“收到，获得”；praise意为“表扬”。根据此空后的the Guinness World Record可知此处表示她获得了吉尼斯世界纪录，故C项正确。
18．A．for
B．against
C．beyond
D．within
答案：A for意为“为了，因为”；against意为“反对”；beyond意为“超过”；within意为“在……之内”。根据此空后的“being the first person certified to fly an airplane with only her feet”可知此处说明她获得吉尼斯世界纪录的原因，故A项正确。
19．A．describes as
B．regards as
C．treats as
D．works as
答案：D describe as意为“描述为”；regard as意为“认为是”；treat as意为“对待，把……看作”；work as意为“担任”。根据此空后的a motivational speaker可知此处表示杰西卡现在是励志演讲者，故D项正确。
20．A．amazing
B．encouraging
C．enjoying
D．astonishing
答案：B amaze意为“使惊讶”；encourage意为“鼓励”；enjoy意为“欣赏，享受”；astonish意为“使惊讶”。根据语境可知此处表示她周游世界分享她的成长故事，鼓励人们要有创造力，故B项正确。
Ⅳ.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2015·云南一次统测)
What is the most popular communication tool today? __1__your answer is QQ or MSN, I must say you're a bit oldfashioned. Today, a new form of communication “WeChat”， which __2__(own) a Chinese name Weixin, is becoming the most influential text and voicing tool all over the world.
What advantages do WeChat have? First, WeChat is __3__ relatively cheap way of communication; that is to say, it uses network traffic instead of telephone fare. Next，we can know __4__ is going on at any time. And we can have __5__(easy) access to information available than other messaging tools.
What roles does it play __6__ our daily life? According to the latest report, the registered users on WeChat platform have topped 200 million and WeChat has expanded its business to overseas market. Can you imagine that a mobile phone ‘app’ is so __7__(appeal) that it reaches 200 million users within 8 months? WeChat itself has become the most popular mobile chat application in the world. A large __8__ of people have become “WeChataholic”， which means they keep staring at the mobile phone all the time and can't live without __9__.
However, while enjoying its great convenience, people should not ignore the danger of __10__(cheat), for information on Wechat is publicly known.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
语篇解读：本文对目前非常流行的微信进行了介绍。
1．If 考查状语从句。由语境可知此处表示条件，故填If。
2．owns 考查主谓一致。定语从句的关系代词指代WeChat(第三人称单数)，故答案为owns。
3．a 考查冠词。此处表示微信是一种相当便宜的通讯方式。way为可数名词单数，在本句中表泛指，所以用不定冠词a。
4．what 考查宾语从句。句意：其次，我们随时可以知道发生了什么。
5．easier 考查形容词比较级。根据本句中的than可知设空处需用形容词的比较级。
6．in 考查动词短语。play a．..role in...为固定短语，意为：“在……中起……作用”。句意：它在我们的日常生活中起着什么作用呢？
7．appealing 考查形容词。appealing为形容词，意为：“有吸引力的”。
8．number 考查名词短语。a large number of“大量的”，修饰可数名词复数。
9．it 考查代词。此处用it指代前面的the mobile phone。
10．being cheated 考查动名词作介词宾语。介词后应用动名词作宾语。people与cheat为逻辑上的被动关系，故用动名词的被动形式，即being cheated。