A B 8.The beginning of the media industry in Hilversum was marked by the establishment of . A.a radio factory B.the media capital C.a radio station D.a TV station 解析:细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句可知,希尔维苏姆传媒业的兴起要追溯到1920年建立的无线电厂。故选A项。 答案:A 9.What is known about W.M.Dudok’s Hilversum Town Hall? A.It consists of approximately 75 buildings. B.It looks like an open air museum in the city. C.It is a classic example in architecture textbooks. D.It has shaped most of 20th century Hilversum. 解析:细节理解题。根据文章最后一段可知,它享有国际声誉,被收录在多本建筑教材里,是建筑界的一个典范。故选C项。 答案:C A B 专题七 史地常识类 【典例示范】 A B A (2015湖南卷,B篇) In its early history,Chicago had floods frequently,especially in the spring,making the streets so muddy that people,horses,and carts got stuck.An old joke that was popular at the time went something like this:A man is stuck up to his waist in a muddy Chicago street.Asked if he needs help,he replies,“No,thanks.I’ve got a good horse under me.” The city planners decided to build an underground drainage(排水) system,but there simply wasn’t enough difference between the height of the ground level and the water level.The only two options were to lower the Chicago River or raise the city. A B An engineer named Ellis Chesbrough convinced the city that it had no choice but to build the pipes above ground and then cover them with dirt.This raised the level of the city’s streets by as much as 12 feet. This of course created a new problem:dirt practically buried the first floors of every building in Chicago.Building owners were faced with a choice:either change the first floors of their buildings into basements,and the second stories into main floors,or hoist the entire buildings to meet the new street level.Small wood-frame buildings could be lifted fairly easily.But what about large,heavy structures like the Tremont Hotel,which was a six-story brick building? A B That’s where George Pullman came in.He had developed some house-moving skills successfully.To lift a big structure like the Tremont Hotel,Pullman would place thousands of jackscrews(螺旋千斤顶) beneath the building’s foundation.One man was assigned to operate each section of roughly 10 jackscrews.At Pullman’s signal each man turned his jackscrew the same amount at the same time,thereby raising the building slowly and evenly.Astonishingly,the Tremont Hotel stayed open during the entire operation,and many of its guests didn’t even notice anything was happening. Some people like to say that every problem has a solution.But in Chicago’s early history,every engineering solution seemed to create a new problem.Now that Chicago’s waste water was draining efficiently into the Chicago River,the city’s next step was to clean the polluted river. 【语篇导读】本文为说明文。芝加哥早期经常发生洪水,导致道路特别泥泞。因此,城市规划者采取了一些解决办法。 A B 1.The author mentions the joke to show . A.horses were fairly useful in Chicago B.Chicago’s streets were extremely muddy C.Chicago was very dangerous in the spring D.the Chicago people were particularly humorous 解析:细节理解题。由第一段可知,芝加哥经常发生洪水,尤其是在春天,这使得道路特别泥泞,马车也往往被困其中。作者提及这个笑话就是为了说明芝加哥的道路极其泥泞。 答案:B A B 2.The city planners were convinced by Ellis Chesbrough to . A.get rid of the street dirt B.lower the Chicago River C.fight against heavy floods D.build the pipes above ground 解析:细节理解题。由第三段可知,埃利斯·切斯布罗格工程师建议将排水管道建在路面之上,再用泥土覆盖。 答案:D A B 3.The underlined word “hoist” in Paragraph 4 means “ ”. A.changeB.lift C.repair
D.decorate 解析:词义猜测题。由第四段可知,大楼的主人面临一个选择:要么把第一层改为地下室,要么把大楼整体抬高。hoist意为“举起,抬高”。 答案:B A B 4.What can we conclude about the moving operation of the Tremont Hotel? A.It went on smoothly as intended. B.It interrupted the business of the hotel. C.It involved Pullman turning ten jackscrews. D.It separated the building from its foundation. 解析:推理判断题。由第五段“Astonishingly,the Tremont Hotel stayed open during the entire operation,and many of its guests didn’t even notice anything was happening.”可知,在对特里蒙特饭店进行整体抬高时,它仍然在营业,客人们甚至都没有察觉到发生了什么。由此可推测,整个抬高的过程是很平稳的。 答案:A A B 5.The passage is mainly about early Chicago’s . A.popular life styles and their influences B.environmental disasters and their causes C.engineering problems and their solutions D.successful businessmen and their achievements 解析:主旨大意题。文章主要讲的是芝加哥早期所面临的一些工程问题以及采取的一些解决办法,故选C项。 答案:C A B B (2015湖北卷,C篇) Hilversum is a medium-sized city between the major cities of Amsterdam and Utrecht in the Gooi area of North Holland,the Netherlands.Unlike most of the Netherlands,Hilversum is actually in a hilly area with the soil mostly consisting of sand.Once called the Garden of Amsterdam,it still attracts travelers to come over to cycle and walk through the surrounding forests.They visit it for a relaxing day off from the urban madness.For Dutch people,Hilversum is all about textile(纺织) and media industries,and modern architecture. A B In history,Hilversum was largely an agricultural area.Daily life was marked by farming,sheep raising and wool production.A railway link to Amsterdam in 1874 attracted rich traders from Amsterdam to Hilversum.They built themselves large villas(别墅) in the wooded surroundings of the town.One of the families moving in was the Brenninkmeijers,currently the wealthiest family of the Netherlands.They moved in after big success in the textile industry and aided a substantial textile industry in Hilversum.But the textile boom lasted only several decades.The last factory closed in the 1960s. The change to a media economy started in 1920,when the Nederlandse Seintoestellen Fabriek(NSF) established a radio factory in Hilversum.Most radio stations settled in the large villas in the leafy areas of the town.Television gave another push to the local economy.Hilversum became the media capital of the Netherlands,and Dutch television stars moved into the leafy neighborhoods surrounding the town. A B In the early 1900s,modern architects W.M. Dudok and J.Duiker placed hundreds of remarkable buildings in Hilversum.These modern architectural masterpieces(杰作) are so many that Hilversum almost feels like an open air museum.Dudok alone shaped most of 20th century Hilversum and approximately 75 buildings still bear his unique characteristics.His masterpiece,Hilversum Town Hall was built in 1928-1931.It has wide international fame and is included in many architecture textbooks.The building has a remarkable shape and looks like a combination of “blocks”.Actually,one may start his journey of modern architecture by walking or biking the W.M.Dudok Architectural Route in Hilversum. 【语篇导读】本文为说明文。文章主要介绍荷兰城市希尔维苏姆。 A B 6.Hilversum is different from most of the Netherlands in that . A.it has a large population B.it is cut off from big cities C.it has many beautiful gardens D.it is in a hilly area with sandy soil 解析:细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句“Unlike most of the Netherlands,Hilversum is actually in a hilly area with the soil mostly consisting of sand.”可知,希尔维苏姆的不同之处在于它位于山区,而且是沙土。故选D项。 答案:D A B 7.What was the greatest contribution of the Brenninkmeijers to Hilversum? A.Building a railway link to Amsterdam. B.Helping its textile industry to develop. C.Constructing large villas for the poor. D.Assisting its agricultural industry. 解析:推理判断题。根据文章第二段倒数第三句“They moved in after big success in the textile industry and aided a substantial textile industry in Hilversum.”可知,他们使得纺织业更加稳固。故选B项。 答案:B