话题词汇
1.mystery n.谜
2.puzzling/strange/weird adj.奇怪的
3.witness v.见证
4.give an explanation解释
5.result in/lead to导致
6.by accident碰巧
经典语篇
某论坛开设了一个主题为“Tales of the unexplained”的专区。请你根据以下信息，写一篇150词左右的短文，发表在论坛上 。
名称：报时怪石
位置：澳大利亚中部的沙漠
高度：348米
现象：能够有规律地改变颜色，早上为棕色；中午为灰蓝色(dusty blue)；下午为红色。
注意：可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
佳作欣赏
Have you ever heard of a rock which can tell time? There is one with the height of 348 meters.① The rock just lies in a desert in the middle of Australia.②
Its color can alter regularly in a day，and it makes people puzzled about it.③ It’s brown after sunrise in the morning.Interestingly，it turns dusty blue at noon.④ However，in the afternoon，it’s weird that red will appear on its surface.
Scientists have been studying this amazing phenomenon for long but nobody has been able to explain how this happens.⑤ In the future，perhaps scientists can find out the exact reason.
思维发散
1.将第①②句用分词结构连成一句
There is one rock with the height of 348 meters，lying in a desert in the middle of Australia.
2.用主语从句改写第③句
What makes people puzzled is that its color can alter regularly in a day.
3.用强调句型改写第④句，强调at noon
Interestingly，it is at noon that it turns dusty blue.
4.仿照第⑤句用现在完成进行时翻译句子
雨已经连着下了三天了。
It has been raining for three days on end.
Ⅰ.重点单词
A.写作单词
1.occur (vi.)发生
2.villager (n.)村民
3.laughter (n.)笑声，笑
4.exist (vi.)存在
existence (n.)存在
5.evidence (n.)证据
evident (adj.)明显的
6.examine (vt.)检查
examination (n.)考试；检查
7.amazing (adj.)令人惊奇(惊叹的)
amazed (adj.)吃惊的
amaze (vt.)使惊奇，使惊诧
amazement (n.)惊奇；惊愕
8.length (n.)长度
lengthen (v.)加长；使延长
long (adj.)长的
9.assume (vt.)假定；认为
assumption (n.)假定，假设
10.injury (n.)伤害
injure (vt.)伤害，损害
injured (adj.)受伤的；受损害的
11.disagree (vi.)不同意
disagreement (n.)分歧，争论，意见不一
agree (v.)同意，赞成
B.阅读单词
12.dismiss (vt.)不予考虑；解雇；解散
13.appropriate (adj.)适当的
14.unexplained (adj.)无法解释的，神秘的
15.creature (n.)动物；(具备某种特征的)人
16.humour (n.)幽默
humorous (adj.)幽默的
17.convince (vt.)使确信，使相信
convincing (adj.)令人信服的
convinced (adj.)坚信，确信
18.survive (vi.& vt.)生存，幸存；挺过(难关)；比……活(或存在)的时间长
survival (n.)幸存，存活
survivor (n.)幸存者
19.disappear (vi.)消失；失踪
disappearance (n.)消失；失踪
appear (vi.)出现，显现；似乎
appearance (n.)出现；外观，外貌
20.organize(organise) (vt.)组织，筹备；安排，处理
organized (adj.)有组织的，系统的
organizer (n.)组织者，安排者
organization (n.)组织；机构
21.statement (n.)陈述；声明
state (vt.)陈述；声明；(n.)状态
Ⅱ.重点短语
1.due to由于，因为
2.show up 出现，现身
3.look into调查；检查
4.step up加紧，加强，促进
5.take charge of负责，掌管
6.make up编造，捏造，杜撰；构成
7.belong to属于
8.make one’s way to前往，到……去
Ⅲ.经典句式
1.Witnesses also say they saw Justin walking towards his house at 10：45 p.m.
目击者也说，当晚10点45分他们看见贾斯廷朝自己家的方向走去。
2.Standing inside were lots of strange creatures with white skin and large black eyes.
(飞船)里面站着许多白皮肤的怪物，个个都长着又大又黑的眼睛。
3.When asked about the possibility that Justin was taken by aliens，Detective Sam Peterson...
当被问及贾斯廷被外星人带走的可能性时，侦探萨姆·彼得森……
4.The Yeti is said to be a large，hairy animal that walks on two feet like a human being.
据说，野人体格高大多毛，像人类一样用双脚行走。
1
[应试指导] puzzled 与puzzling的辨析
1be puzzled about对……迷惑
2puzzle n.谜；疑问；v.迷惑；使困惑
be in a puzzle不知如何是好
puzzle over/about苦思冥想
3puzzling adj.令人困惑的
(1)This morning，when I was walking on the street，I saw that two travelers were reading a map，looking puzzled.
今天早晨，当我在街上走的时候，我看到两个旅行者正在看一份地图，看上去很困惑。
(2)People are puzzled about the situation in Thailand.
人们对泰国的局势感到迷茫。
(3)People have long puzzled over how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks.And there’s no obvious answer.
人们一直不知道埃及人怎样移动那些巨大的石头的，而且也没有明显的答案。(2015·四川)
多维训练
用puzzle的适当形式填空
(1)Why she should have said that puzzled him.
(2)His letter poses a number of puzzling questions.
(3)Henry was puzzled about the figures for hours without knowing anything about it.
2
[应试指导] assuming，suppose，supposing，provided，providing，given等用作连词引导条件状语从句
1assume sb./sth.to be...认为某人事……
assuming that...假设……引导条件状语从句
It is assumed that...人们认为……
2assumption n.假定；设想；承担；掌握
on the assumption that...假定……
(1)Scientists assume there is no life on Mars.
科学家们认为火星上没有生命。
(2)Let’s assume him to be late for the meeting.What will happen then?
让我们假设他开会迟到，那会发生什么呢？
(3)It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.普遍认为，压力系工作过重所致。
(4)The assumption that the war would end quickly proved wrong.
认为战争会迅速结束的看法被证明是错误的。
多维训练
(1)同义句改写
①If there wasn’t the hard work of the dustman，can you imagine what our environment will be like？(用assuming和can you imagine作插入语改写)
Assuming (that) there wasn’t the hard work of the dustman，what can you imagine our environment will be like?
②People assume that what they do has little effect on the environment.(用it作形式主语改写)
It is assumed that what one does has little effect on the environment.
(2)What will you do on the
that you can’t beat him in the first round of the match?
A.assumption
B.situation
C.condition
D.expectation
答案 A
解析 考查名词辨析。句意为：假定你在第一轮比赛中打不赢他，你将怎么办呢？on the assumption that假定，符合句意。
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[应试指导] 写作高级句型：It’s evident that...
1evident adj.明显的；明白的
be evident to sb.对某人来说很明显
It’s evident that...很明显……
2evidently adv.明显地，显而易见地
(1)There is a lot of evidence that stress is partly responsible for disease.
有很多证据证明压力是造成疾病的原因之一。
(2)Anything you say may be taken down and used as evidence against you.
你说的每句话都可以被记录下来用作指控你的证据。
(3)Jim said there was no clear evidence that they meant to cheat investors.
吉米说没有明显的证据表明他们故意欺骗投资者。
多维训练
(1)完成句子
①没有任何证据表明他有罪。
There is no evidence that he is guilty.
②大家很清楚他错了。
It is evident that he is wrong.
(2)The scientists have not found that there is any
of life on other planets.
A.distinction
B.evidence
C.exam
D.example
答案 B
解析 考查名词辨析。句意为：科学家还没有发现任何有关其他星球上存在生命的证据。所以选择B。
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base n.基地；大本营；底部；基础；vt.以……为基础
[应试指导] 过去分词(短语)作状语的用法
1base...on/upon把……建立在……的基础上
be based on/upon以……为基础/依据
2on the basis of在……基础上；以……为根据
on a daily/regular...basis每天/定期地……
3basic adj.基本的，基础的
(1)He formed his theory on the basis of practice.
他以实践为基础形成了他的理论。
(2)He based his conclusion on the evidence given by the prisoner.
他根据囚犯提供的证据得出了自己的结论。
(3)You have to measure the blood pressure on a daily basis.你必须每天量血压。
多维训练
(1)同义句改写
The restaurant is based on trust，and it is working all right.
①Based on trust，the restaurant is working all right.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
②The restaurant，which is based on trust，is working all right./The restaurant，which is working all night，is based on trust.(用定语从句改写)
(2)
an important decision more on emotion than on reason，you will regret it sooner or later.
A.Based
B.Basing
C.Base
D.To base
答案 B
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意为：如果把一个重要决定更多的建立在情感上而不是理智上，你迟早会后悔的。所以选择B。
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1exist on靠……生存；靠……生活
There exists/existed有……，某地有……
2existence n.存在；生活，生活方式
come into existence/being产生；成立；开始存在
be in existence存在
(1)We cannot exist without air，food and water.
没有空气、食物和水我们就不能生存。
(2)There exist great possibilities of success for a young man in life.
对一个年轻人来说成功的可能性是很大的。
(3)Do you know when this kind of robot came into existence? 你知道这种机器人什么时候问世的吗？
(4)According to some philosophers，everything in existence is reasonable.
某些哲学家认为，存在的事物都是合理的。
多维训练
(1)完成句子
①地震中受困的人们靠水生存了好几天。
The people trapped in the earthquake existed on the water for several days.
②有一个解决现存的地理问题的好办法。
There exists a good way to solve the existing problem in geography.
(2)The custom of arranged marriages still
in many countries.
A.appears
B.lives
C.exists
D.lies
答案 C
解析 考查动词辨析。句意为：在许多国家仍然存在着包办婚姻的风俗。所以选择C。
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1win/get/receive an award for因……而获奖
2award sb.sth.＝award sth.to sb.授予某人某物
(1)He was nominated for the best actor award.
他获得最佳男演员奖提名。
(2)The prize is awarded annually.该奖每年颁发一次。
(3)She won an award for her outstanding performance.
她凭借杰出的表现获得了奖励。
[词义辨析] award，prize，reward
(1)award指奖状或其他表彰物，以示授予者的称誉、感谢或鼓励。
(2)prize指赢得比赛所获得的奖金或有价值的东西。
(3)reward指悬赏或谢意。
多维训练
(1)用award，prize，reward填空
①He gave the boy a reward of one pound for bringing back the lost dog.
②If you won that prize，how would you spend the money?
③As an award for your excellent service，I present you on behalf of the company with a gold watch.
(2)一句多译
他们授予约翰一等奖。
①They awarded John the first prize.(award sb.sth.)
②They awarded the first prize to John.(award sth.to sb.)
(3)Martin Luther King Jr.was
the Nobel Peace Prize of 1964 for advocating nonviolence policy in the movement for civil rights.
A.awarded
B.offered
C.rewarded
D.received
答案 A
解析 句意为：马丁·路德·金因为在民权运动中主张采取非暴力政策而被授予1964年诺贝尔和平奖。reward指“给予报酬”或“奖赏”；award指因成绩或贡献由政府或社团给予奖励。
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[应试指导] “动词＋sb.＋of”类语境词义辨析
1convince sb.of sth.使某人相信某事
convince sb.to do sth.说服某人做某事
be convinced of/that...相信……
2convincing adj.令人信服的；有说服力的
(1)An engineer named Ellis Chesbrough convinced the city that it had no choice but to build the pipes above ground and then cover them with dirt.
一个名叫Ellis Chesbrough的工程师使这座城市相信除了在地面上修建管道然后用土将管道盖住之外别无它法。(2015·湖南)
(2)I soon convinced him of my innocence.
我很快便让他相信了我是清白的。
(3)How did you convince him to believe what you said？你是怎样说服他相信你说的话的。
(4)What he said sounds very convincing.
他的话听起来很有说服力。
多维训练
(1)用convince的适当形式填空
①I am convinced of his guilt.
②This last argument is the most convincing to me.
③Mr.Holden returned home from his holiday upset and convinced his pet was dead.(2015·陕西)
(2)I don’t believe what you said，but if you can prove it，you may be able to
me.
(2017·江西，29)
A.convince
B.inform
C.guarantee
D.refuse
答案 A
解析 考查动词词义辨析。句意为：我不相信你说的话，但是如果你能证明你所说的，也许你就能使我信服。convince使……相信，使……信服，符合句意。inform通知；guarantee保证，担保；refuse拒绝。
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survive on靠……存活下来
A survives B A比B活得长
survive sth.幸免于；从……中活过来
(1)There are concerns that the refugees may not survive the winter.有人担心这些难民活不过冬天。
(2)Just eight passengers survived the plane crash.
在这次飞机失事中仅有8名乘客幸免于难。
[特别提醒]
(1)survive本身已表示“幸存；幸免于”，因而不要加多余的in或from。
(2)survive意为“比……多活多长时间”时，用“A survive(s) B by＋时间”结构表示。
多维训练
(1)用适当的介词填空
①Mr.White survived his wife by 9 years.
②Many of the peasants survive on tiny plots of corn and beans.
(2)单句改错
①This drug can help people survive from heart attacks.去掉from
②Plants，like other creatures，survive in water and air.in→on
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[应试指导] step相关短语的用法
1step forward走上前来，跨前一步
step back由于吃惊后退一步
step into 踏进
2step by step 一步步地
out of step步伐不一致
take steps to do sth.采取措施做某事
(1)I hope you try to get them to step up production.
我希望你尽力让他们加紧生产。
(2)I stepped forward when my name was called out.
听到叫我的名字时，我向前迈了一步。
(3)We should enrich our knowledge step by step.
我们应当逐步地丰富我们的知识。
(4)This type of training is out of
step with changes in the industry.
这种培训和该行业的变化不同步。
多维训练
(1)我们应该采取措施阻止战争。
We should take steps to prevent war.
(2)他们的工资已大大提高。
Their salaries have been stepped up a lot.
(3)这些问题应该逐步解决。
These problems should be solved step by step.
10
1show...around带……参观
show sb.in/out领某人进来/出去
show off炫耀，卖弄
2be on show在展出
(1)We were waiting for him all the afternoon but he failed to show up.
我们整个下午都在等他，可是他没有来。
(2)Boys tends to show off their sports skills to girls.
那些男孩总想在女孩面前显摆他们的运动技巧。
(3)You will be shown around our newlybuilt dormitory building.有人将带你们参观新建的宿舍大楼。
多维训练
(1)用适当的介、副词填空
①We were hoping for a full team today but only five players showed up.
②He likes to show off his wealth，even to total strangers.
③These photographs are on show at the museum until October.
④First of all，you are supposed to show the visitors in and then out.
(2)Poor as she was，she was eager for attention.Thus，she had to think of borrowing some jewels to
at the party.
A.show up
B.show out
C.show in
D.show off
答案 D
解析 第二句句意为：因此，她想借一些珠宝在晚会上炫耀。show off炫耀，符合句意。
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make up 编造，杜撰；组成；化妆；补上；凑数；和好；占
make up for弥补；补偿
be made up of由……组成构成
be made of/from由……制成
be made into把……制成
be made out of由……制成
make it获得成功；约定时间
make out看清；分清；辨认清楚
(1)Women officers make up 13 percent of the police force.女警占警力的13%。
(2)Insects are made up of tens of thousands of proteins.
昆虫由数万种蛋白质构成。
(3)I’d like to ride a bike to travel all over the country，but I still doubt whether I can make it.
我想骑自行车游遍全国，但是我还是怀疑我能否做到。
多维训练
(1)写出下列句中make up的汉语意思
①North Africans make up the largest and poorest immigrant group in the country.组成；构成
②I think it’s very unkind of you to make up stories about him.编造
③She spent too much time making herself up.化妆
④Can I leave early this afternoon and make up the time tomorrow？补上
⑤Why don’t you make up with her and forget all about your quarrel？和好
(2)用适当的介、副词填空
①The wine is made from grapes.
②Waste products from factories can be made into roadbuilding material.
③The fence is made of iron.
④She was a strange sort of person；I couldn’t make her out.
⑤We must work hard now to make up for the lost time.
⑥The committee is made up of representatives of every state.
12
[应试指导] look短语语境词义辨析
look down on/upon蔑视；轻视；瞧不起
look on...as...把……看作……
look out for注意；留神
look through浏览；仔细查看
look up to尊敬；仰视
look up查阅
(1)A working party has been set up to look into the problem.
已成立一个工作小组来调查这个问题。
(2) No wonder aliens look down on us!
外星人瞧不起我们并不奇怪！
(3)They all looked on him as a member of their family.他们都把他看作自家人。
(4)If there are words you do not understand，look them up in a dictionary.有生词就查词典。
多维训练
短语填空
(1)You’re a popular girl，Grace，and a lot of the younger ones look up to you.
(2)He happened to be looking through the medical book Gray’s Anatomy at the time.
(3)Look out for thieves when you stay there.
(4)It should also look into the possibilities of windgenerated electricity.
13
[应试指导] 作为高级词汇替换go to sp.
feel one’s way摸索着前进
lose one’s way迷路
fight/push one’s way推/挤着前进
wind one’s way蜿蜒前进
force one’s way挤出去
make way for给……让路；让位于……
give way妥协，让步；让路
(1)We made our way directly to the recreation room.我们直接向娱乐室走去。
(2)The policeman Billy forced his way through the crowd，shouting “Stand aside！”
警察比利强行挤过人群，喊着“让开！”
多维训练
用上述短语的的适当形式填空
(1)There was no light，so we had to feel our way in the dark.
(2)She gradually fought/pushed her way to the top of the company.
(3)Try and force your way through the crowd.
(4)The bus is winding its way up the mountain.
(5)It’s very easy to lose your way in a strange city.
(6)Since neither of them gave way，they came to no agreement.
(7)We stepped aside to make way for the car so that it could pass easily.
14
多维训练
(1)完成句子
①他是一起可怕凶杀案的目击者。
He is a witness to a terrible murder.
②这些画证明了画家的创造力。
These paintings gave witness to the painter’s creativity.
③近几年中国已经见证了一系列重大变化。
China has witnessed a series of great changes in the past few years.
(2)People like taking photos because photos are the
of youth and history and can remind us of many happy scenes.
A.witness
B.guidance
C.evidence
D.approval
答案 A
解析 句意为：人们喜欢照相因为照片是青春和历史的见证，它可以让我们回忆起很多美好的情景。witness见证，符合句意。
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[特别提醒]
表示“某人突然想起”的短语：
sth.occurs to/strikes/hits sb.
sb.hits/strikes (on) sth.
sth.comes into one’s mind
It occurs to/strikes/hits sb.that...
多维训练
(1)一句多译
我突然想起了一个主意。
①An idea occurred to/struck/hit me.
②An idea came into my mind.
③I hit/struck on an idea.
(2)It suddenly occurred to him
he had left his keys in the office.
A.whether
B.where
C.which
D.that
答案 D
解析 考查It occurs to sb.that...句型。it为形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。所以选择D。
16
多维训练
(1)完成句子
①李华获得了出国的机会，现在正坐在飞机上和其他乘客愉快地交谈着。
Li Hua，who has the chance to go abroad is on board and talking happily with other people aboard.
②该上船了。
It’s time to get aboard.
(2)They went
the ship just before it started to leave.
A.aboard
B.board
C.aboard on
D.board on
答案 A
解析 go aboard the ship或go on board the ship是固定用法，意为“上船”。
17
多维训练
(1)用适当的介词填空
①Frankly speaking，I have little money in reserve.
②She told me all about it without reserve.
③I reserve my favorable comments for my former monitor.
(2)完成句子
①你需要提前订票吗？
Do you have to reserve tickets in advance?
②我保留做出决定的权利。
I reserve the right to make my own decisions.
③我想预定两个位子。
I’d like to make a reservation for a table for two.
(3)These seats are
for special guests.
A.preserved
B.reserved
C.reversed
D.occupied
答案 B
解析 此处考查reserve sth.for...的被动形式。reserve储备或预定为将来特殊情况使用，如reserve a seat (room)“预订一个席位(房间)”，此时与order相同；preserve强调“收藏，保存”，其目的是使之完好无损、质量不变。
18
多维训练
(1)翻译句子
①努力学习，增强你的实力。
Study hard and build up your strength.
②这是一个融入社会提高能力的机会。(2015·福建)
It’s an opportunity to be social and improve your strength.
(2)To make members of a team perform better，the trainer first of all has to know their
and weaknesses.
A.strengths
B.benefits
C.techniques
D.values
答案 A
解析 strength此处意为“长处，优势”，根据句意“为了使体育队的成员在比赛中取得更好的成绩，教练首先要了解队员的强项和薄弱的地方”可判断出选A。
19
多维训练
(1)完成句子
①上个月她因病没来上课。
She missed her class due to illness last month.
②史密斯教授定于明天上午8点给我们演讲。
Professor Smith is due to give us a lecture at 8 tomorrow morning.
③他考上大学是因为他的勤奋努力。
He entered the university due to his great effort.
(2)The bus was due to
at 5 p.m.，but it arrived one hour late due to
by the heavy fog.
A.arrive；be held up
B.arrive；being held up
C.arriving；be held up
D.having arrived；having been held up
答案 B
解析 考查due的用法。句意为：汽车应该下午5点到达，但是由于被大雾耽搁，晚点一小时。所以选择B。
20
[特别提醒]
belong to无被动语态，无进行时，后接名词的普通格或代词宾格。
多维训练
(1)用belong的适当形式填空
①The book belonging to him is on the desk.
②He was identified only by his uniform and personal belongings.
(2)You may not understand what they have done，because they
a younger generation.
A.belong to
B.are belonged to
C.are belonging to
D.will be belonged to
答案 A
解析 考查belong to的用法。句意为：你们可能不理解他们的做法，因为他们属于年轻一代。所以选择A。
21
When asked about the possibility that Justin was taken by aliens，Detective Sam Peterson...
当被问及贾斯廷被外星人带走的可能性时，侦探萨姆·彼得森……
1when asked...相当于when he was asked...。当状语从句的主语同主句的主语一致或主语是it，且从句中含有动词be时，可以省略状语从句的主语和动词be。
2掌握下列短语：if any如果有的话；if so如果是这样的话；if ever如果曾经有的话；if not如果不这样的话
(1)I have proved that friendship can help while in a different country.
我已经证明当你处在一个不同的国家时，友谊会对你有所帮助。
(2)When necessary，we’ll help him solve the problem.
如果必要的话，我们会帮助他解决这个问题。
(3)Online shopping，when properly done，can save a lot of time，money and energy.
网上购物如果使用得当，可以省下很多时间、金钱和精力。
多维训练
(1)把下列句中的斜体部分补充完整
①The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise，if carried out regularly，can improve our health.if they are carried out regularly
②Every evening after dinner，if not tired from work，I will spend some time walking my dog.if I am not tired from work
③Some of you may have finished Unit One.If so，you can go on to Unit Two.If it is so
(2)If
for the job, you’ll be informed soon.(2015·北京，31)
A.to accept
B.accept
C.accepting
D.accepted
答案 D
解析 考查状语从句的省略。句意为：如果你被录用做这份工作的话，你将会很快得到通知。本题中if之后省略了主语和be动词，补充完整为：If you are accepted for the job，所以选D。
(3)Video games can be a poor influence if
in the wrong hands.(2015·湖南，24)
A.to leave
B.leaving
C.leave
D.left
答案 D
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意为：如果落在不合适的人的手中，电子游戏就会有一个很坏的影响。leave的逻辑主语是video games，主语video games与leave之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。if left...是“连词＋过去分词”构成的状语从句的省略。
22
The Yeti is said to be a large，hairy animal that walks on two feet like a human being.
据说，野人体格高大多毛，像人类一样用双脚行走。
sb./sth.be said/thought/believed/hoped...to do/to be doing/to have done，根据动词不定式和said动作之间的时间关系来断定使用不定式的一般式、进行式还是完成式。此结构还可以转变为以下句型结构：
It is said that...据说……
It is thought that...大家认为……
It is believed that...人们相信……
It is hoped that...人们希望……
It is reported that...据报道……
It is wellknown that...众所周知……
It is supposed that...据推测……
(1)—Is Bob still performing?
—I’m afraid not.He is said to have left the stage already as he has become an official.
——鲍勃还在表演吗？
——恐怕不了。据说因为他当了官早已离开了舞台。
(2)It is often said that human beings are naturally equipped to speak.
据说人类天生就有说话的能力。
(3)It’s reported that our industrial and agricultural production is going on increasing.
据报道，我国的工农业生产在持续增长.
(4)It is wellknown that the Atlantic Ocean is only half as big as the Pacific Ocean.
众所周知，大西洋仅是太平洋的一半大。
多维训练
(1)同义句改写(用he作主语改写下列句子)
①It is supposed that he is working in that big company.
He is supposed to be working in that big company.
②It is said that he has written a new book about workers.
He is said to have written a new book about workers.
③It is thought that he often helps the people in need.
He is often thought to help the people in need.
(2)Ebola(埃博拉病毒) is said
another big health challenge to our humans over the past several months.
A.becoming
B.to become
C.having become
D.to have become
答案 D
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意为：据说在过去几个月里，埃博拉病毒已经变成对我们人类健康的另一巨大挑战。句型sb.be said to have done据说某人已经做过某事。本句型中动词不定式作主语的补足语，不定式中用完成时态说明动作发生在主语动作之前。根据句意可知选D。
(3)He is said
there for two years.
A.working
B.to work
C.to have worked
D.to be working
答案 C
解析 考查sb.be said to do sth.。由本句中的for two years可知不定式应用完成时，故选C项。
微写作
写作素材(关于未解之谜)
1.最近几年，有些人目睹了像UFO类的东西。
2.事实上存在很多难以解释的、令人困惑的，甚至令人惊奇的现象。
3.人们相信有外部空间生物存在的可能性。
4.需要人们做出调查。
提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。
连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)
In recent years，some people have witnessed something similar to UFO.In fact，there exist many unexplained，puzzling and even amazing phenomena.People are convinced that there is possibility of the existence of outer space creatures，which needs people to look into it.
Ⅰ.单项填空
1.The 18th and 19th centuries
the widespread use of electricity and the birth of the steam engine.
A.made
B.proved
C.spared
D.witnessed
答案 D
解析 句意为：18、19世纪见证了电的广泛传播和蒸汽引擎的诞生。some time witness sth.某时见证某事，所以选择D。
2.A policeman put some chemicals on the piece of paper，and a line of words
.
A.gave up
B.showed up
C.made up
D.stayed up
答案 B
解析 考查动词短语辨析。give up放弃；show up出现；make up弥补，化妆，编造；stay up熬夜。句意为：一个警察在纸上放了些化学药品，一行字就出现了。所以选B。
3.There are some health problems that，when
in time，can become bigger ones later on.(2017·浙江，19)
A.not treated
B.not being treated
C.not to be treated
D.not having been treated
答案 A
解析 句意为：有些健康问题，如果不及时处理，以后会变得更严重。when not treated in time为插入语，在本句中为时间状语从句，把that can become bigger ones later on这个定语从句给隔开了。when引导时间状语从句时，可以出现省略的现象，但必须满足两个条件：首先，时间状语从句中的主语必须和主句主语一致；其次，从句中含有be动词。本句中补充完整的状语从句为：when they are not treated in time，其他选项形式不对。故答案为A项。
4.
on this report，the English government decided to ask Captain James Cook to go and look for this new continent.
A.Having based
B.Basing
C.Based
D.To be based
答案 C
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意为：基于这份报告，英国政府决定让詹姆斯库克船长去寻找这个新大陆。be based on基于，所以选择C。
5.We all can go out for a picnic this afternoon—
that the others agree.
A.to assume
B.assumed
C.assume
D.assuming
答案 D
解析 assuming that...假定……。类似表达有：providing/supposing that...。本题选D。
6.Scientists are convinced
the positive effect of laughter
physical and mental health.
A.of；at
B.by；in
C.of；on
D.on；at
答案 C
解析 句意为：科学家们坚信笑对身心健康有积极影响。be convinced of坚信，深信；effect常与on连用，意为“对……的影响”。以上两个均属于固定搭配。所以选C。
7.After the traffic accident，no one
except a few people who were badly injured.
A.survive
B.survived
C.was survived
D.was surviving
答案 B
解析 从句意分析可知，此处survive应表示“幸存”的意思，是不及物动词，不能用被动语态。所以选B。
8.That money is
to me，but I haven’t got it yet.
A.certain
B.due
C.belong
D.owe
答案 B
解析 due to sb.应支付给某人，是固定搭配；C、D两项形式不对。所以选B。
9.Caroline doesn’t have a gift for music，but she
it with hard work.(2017·大纲全国，31)
A.goes back on
B.takes away from
C.makes up for
D.catches up with
答案 C
解析 考查动词短语辨析。句意为：卡罗琳虽然没有音乐方面的天赋，但是她用刻苦努力来弥补它。go back on背叛，背弃；take away from拿走，带走；make up for弥补；catch up with赶上，追上。由句中的关键信息doesn’t have a gift for music以及并列连词but可知，她是用刻苦努力来“弥补(make up for)”没有音乐天赋这件事。
10.Would you please
the paper for me and see if there are any obvious mistakes?
A.look around
B.look into
C.look up
D.look through
答案 D
解析 look around/round环顾，四下察看；look into调查，向……里面看；look up查阅，抬头往上看；look through快速查看，浏览。由后面的and see if there are any obvious mistakes可知，空格处应表示“快速看一下”，所以选D。
11.If you want to
in the world，you must learn to work hard while you are still young.
A.make much of yourself
B.make the way out
C.make you out
D.make your way
答案 D
解析 make one’s way除了可表示“到(某地)，(向某地)走去”之外，还可表示“成功；有出息”。根据语境应是“如果你想成功”，故选D项。make much of sb./sth.重视；make sth.out看清，辨认清楚；make sb.out看透，弄懂某人。
12.AIDS is said
the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years.
A.that it is
B.to be
C.that it has here
D.to have been
答案 D
解析 It is said that从句可转为sb./sth.be said to do/to be doing/to have done的形式。由此可排除A、C两项；由句子中的时间状语over the past few years可知要用完成时，所以排除B项。答案选D。
13.
all of them are strong candidates，only one will be chosen for the post.
A.Since
B.While
C.If
D.As
答案 B
解析 考查while引导的让步状语从句。while除了可以引导时间状语从句外，还可以引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”，这时常将从句放在主句前。故答案为B项。
14.East of our school
two companies
make electric motorbikes.
A.are；that
B.is；where
C.is；that
D.are；where
答案 A
解析 该句为倒装句，主语为two companies，故谓语用复数；companies后为定语从句，缺少主语，故用that。所以选A。
15.It suddenly occurred to me
I hadn’t locked my door.
A.which
B.where
C.that
D.whether
答案 C
解析 考查名词性从句。句意为：我突然想起我没锁门。it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。It occurs to sb.that...某人突然想起……。答案为C。
Ⅱ.完形填空
As a child I lived in a narrow house with five floors.Half my youth was
16
in running up and down the staircase and I have been a devoted stairclimber ever since.
The only place where I
17
take the stairs—unless I am going only one floor—is in the office.You could say this is because I am too busy climbing a
18
ladder to have any strength left for an actual one，but
19
it is because the long hours sitting still in front of a screen sap(耗尽) my
20
to expend and energy at all.
Yet a couple of weeks ago，
21
by a friend，I started walking up the 80 stairs to the office canteen，making the
22
several times a day in search of coffee，chocolates and Diet Cokes.
I have been
23
for this in various ways.First，it is usually
24
：55 seconds compared with about 70 in the lift，assuming a couple of stops on the way.Second，it
25
you feeling agreeably smug(得意的).Third，it is a less stressful way of having chance to
26
colleagues.In the lift you are forced into a stressful exchange，while on the stairs you smile and
27
moving.Most important of all，it drags you out of your torpor(死气沉沉).
Here，at last，is something that is good for you but that has none of the
28
of most healthy things.It does not taste bad or
29
special clothing；it is not inconvenient，expensive or
30
；it does not require any skill or courage.
Yet despite these
31
，stairs in offices are usually
32
of walkers.Instead，they are mainly used as a hiding place，a place for phoning your bank，shouting at your builder or exchanging topsecret gossip.I really don’t know why they
33
to take stairs.In my opinion，if companies really want to get people using the stairs，something stronger is
34
—like putting half the lifts out of service，
35
the strong people to walk.
16.A.wasted
B.involved
C.spent
D.experienced
答案 C
解析 孩提时代，作者住在一栋有五层的狭窄楼房中，有一半的青春是在楼梯间上上下下中度过的(spend)。
17.A.often
B.occasionally
C.frequently
D.never
答案 D
解析 除非去的地方只有一层楼，否则“我”唯一从来不爬楼梯的场所是在办公室。
18.A.virtual
B.challenging
C.long
D.visual
答案 A
解析 此处与后面的an actual one相对应。句意为：你可能会说，这是因为我忙着攀登职场虚拟的阶梯，而没有精力爬现实中的楼梯。
19.A.personally
B.actually
C.generally
D.typically
答案 B
解析 “忙着攀登职场虚拟的阶梯”是假设的理由，实际上(actually)真正的理由是因为屏幕前长时间的静坐耗尽了作者动用任何能量的欲望(desire)。
20.A.desire
B.attention
C.wisdom
D.courage
答案 A
解析 参考上题解析。
21.A.stopped
B.allowed
C.encouraged
D.frightened
答案 C
解析 由后面的“I started walking up the 80 stairs...”可推测作者应该是受到了一位朋友的鼓励。
22.A.survey
B.journey
C.circle
D.record
答案 B
解析 作者每天都会这么爬几趟，去找点咖啡、巧克力和健怡可乐之类的东西。由此语境可判断选B项。
23.A.praised
B.criticized
C.concerned
D.rewarded
答案 D
解析 根据下文的介绍可推断此处意为：爬楼梯在好几个方面对我大有裨益，即作者有所回报，故选D项。
24.A.quieter
B.easier
C.quicker
D.earlier
答案 C
解析 作者爬一趟楼梯要55秒，而坐电梯需要大约70秒，由此可知爬楼梯通常要快一些，故选C项。
25.A.leaves
B.prevents
C.senses
D.catches
答案 A
解析 其次，爬楼梯能让人体会到一种愉快的得意。由此语境可判断选A项。
26.A.debate with
B.deal with
C.compare with
D.meet with
答案 D
解析 根据“In the lift you are forced into a stressful exchange”可推断此处句意为：第三，这是一种压力较小的面对同事的方式。
27.A.escape
B.keep
C.start
D.risk
答案 B
解析 在电梯里，一旦与同事相遇，你就不得不和他勉强交流几句，而在楼梯上你只需要微笑一下，然后继续前行。
28.A.results
B.benefits
C.drawbacks
D.reasons
答案 C
解析 爬楼梯对你很有好处，却没有多数有益健康的事物具有的缺点。
29.A.produce
B.require
C.wear
D.maintain
答案 B
解析 此处是在写爬楼梯的好处：它没有难吃的味道，也不需要专门着装；它没有任何不便之处，也不花钱，又不无聊；它对技能和勇气都没有要求。
30.A.amazing
B.interesting
C.tiring
D.boring
答案 D
解析 参考上题解析。
31.A.advantages
B.characteristics
C.methods
D.achievements
答案 A
解析 此处指上文所描述的爬楼梯的种种好处，故选A项。
32.A.full
B.worthy
C.proud
D.empty
答案 D
解析 然而，尽管爬楼梯有种种好处，办公楼里的楼梯间却通常空无行人。
33.A.hesitate
B.refuse
C.determine
D.prepare
答案 B
解析 根据“stairs in offices are usually
of walkers”可知人们拒绝爬楼梯。
34.A.called for
B.applied for
C.figured out
D.taken up
答案 A
解析 采取一些更强硬的手段，即这些手段是被要求的，故选A项。
35.A.permitting
B.training
C.forcing
D.forbidding
答案 C
解析 既然是强硬的手段，当然是迫使身强体壮的人们爬楼梯了，故选C项。
Ⅲ.阅读理解
400yearold plants from the Little Ice Age were brought back to life，which could help us understand how the Earth will deal with climate change.
Moss(藓类植物) found buried beneath the Teardrop glacier on Ellesmere Island in Canada has been brought back to life.Findings suggest that these plants could help repopulate regions exposed by melting ice caps.Plants that were buried beneath thick ice in Canada more than 400 years ago and were thought to have frozen to death have been brought back to life by Canadian scientists.
Samples of the moss plant，covered by the glacier during the Little Ice Age of 1550 to 1850 AD，were replanted in a lab at the University of Alberta and grew new stems.Researchers now think these findings can give indication as to how regions can recover as the ice covering them melts.
Biologist Dr.Catherine La Farge and her team at the University of Alberta were exploring the region around the Teardrop glacier on Ellesmere Island.Ice on Ellesmere Island region has been melting at around four meters each year for the past nine years.This means that many areas of land that were previously covered by ice have since been exposed.Many ecosystems that were thought to have been destroyed during the Little Ice Age between 1550 and 1850 AD can now be studied，including many species that have never been studied before.
While examining an exposed area of land，La Farge and her team discovered a small area of moss called Aulacomnium turgidum.It is a type of bryophyte(苔藓类植物) plant that mainly grows across Canada，the US and the Highlands of Scotland.
Dr La Farge noticed that the moss had small patches of green stems，suggesting it is either growing again or can be encouraged to repopulate.Dr La Farge told the BBC，“When we looked at the samples in detail and brought them to the lab，I could see some of the stems actually had new growth of green branches，suggesting that these plants are growing again，and that blew my mind.When we think of thick areas of ice covering the landscape，we’ve always thought that plants have to come from refugia(濒绝生物保护区)，never considering that land plants come from underneath a glacier.It’s a whole world of what’s coming out from underneath the glacier that really needs to be studied.The ice is disappearing pretty fast.We really have not examined all the biological systems that exist in the world；we don’t know it all.”
Dr La Farge took samples of the moss and，using carbondating techniques，discovered that the plants date back to the Little Ice Age.Dr La Farge’s team took the samples，planted them in dishes full of nutrientrich potting soil and fed them with water.
The samples were from four separate species including Aulacomnium turgidum，Distichium capillaceum，Encalypta procera and Syntrichia ruralis.The moss plants found by Dr La Farge are types of bryophytes.Bryophytes can survive long winters and regrow when the weather gets warmer.
However，Dr La Farge was surprised that the plants buried under ice have survived into the twentyfirst century.Her findings appear in proceedings(论文集) of the National Academy of Sciences.
36.Dr La Farge’s research is of great importance to
A.knowing what the plants during the Little Ice Age were like
B.understanding how ecosystems recover from glaciers
C.regrowing many species that have been destroyed before
D.figuring out the effects of melting ice caps on moss
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Findings suggest that these plants could help repopulate regions exposed by melting ice caps.”可知，La Farge博士的研究对理解生态系统如何从冰川中恢复过来很重要。故选B。
37.The underlined part “blew my mind” in Paragraph 6 can best be replaced by “
”.
A.surprised me
B.greatly frightened me
C.put my doubt out of my mind
D.was exactly what I had in my mind
答案 A
解析 词义猜测题。根据第六段中的“I could see some of the stems actually had new growth of green branches，suggesting that these plants are growing again，and that blew my mind.”可知，划线部分意思是“出乎我的意料”，只有A选项符合语意。
38.According to the passage，Aulacomnium turgidum
A.lives better in small groups
B.is very active in hot weather
C.is strong enough to survive coldness
D.is chosen from Canadian refugia
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第五段及第八段中的“Bryophytes can survive long winters and regrow when the weather gets warmer.”可知，Aulacomnium turgidum是苔藓类植物中一种，因此也可在寒冷中存活。故选C。
39.What’s the main idea of this passage?
A.Bryophyte ecology is greatly affected by climate change.
B.400yearold moss’s survival is a mystery to solve.
C.Moss in ancient times was discovered in Canada.
D.400yearold plants were brought back to life.
答案 D
解析 主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知冰封400年的植物也可以在适合温度中再次复活。故选D。