专题9
名词性从句
【易错雷区,步步为赢】
(2015·江苏)
Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won't accept it.
答案 Where
(2015·北京)
we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
解析 句意:我们怎样理解事物与我们所感觉到的东西有很大关系。分析句子结构可知“
what we understand things”为主语从句结合句意可知要用how。
答案 How
(2015·浙江)If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate
is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.
解析 句意:如果你在河里或湖里游泳的话务必调查清楚水面之下有什么。水中经常隐藏着石头或树枝。根据后面rocks and branches可知此处要用what来引导。
答案 what
(2015·重庆)We must find out
Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.
解析 句意:我们必须知道他什么时候来以便我们能给他预定房间。根据后面的so we can book a room for him可知这里指时间故用when引导。
答案 when
(2015·陕西)Reading her biography,I was lost in admiration for
Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.
解析 句意:读了多丽丝·莱辛的传记我很钦佩她在文学上获得的成就。考查名词性从句。考查宾语从句的连接词。在介词for后的是宾语从句从句中缺少achieve的宾语故用what引导。
答案 what
(2015·四川)The exhibition tells us
we should do something to stop air pollution.
解析 考查宾语从句。句意:这个展览告诉了我们我们为什么要阻止空气污染。宾语从句缺少状语根据意义为why。
答案 why
Exactly
the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain,but it was probably around 1565.
解析 考查名词性从句。句意:马铃薯被引入1565年。根据句意when引导一个主语从句且在从句中作时间状语。故填when。
答案 when
the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
解析 考查主语从句。句意:延误的航班什When。
答案 When
I think
impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.
解析 考查名词性从句。句意:我认为他的绘画给我印象最深的就是他所使用的颜色。根据结构该空所what。
答案 what
Some people believe
has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.
解析 考查主语从句。句意:有些人相whatever做主语。
答案 whatever
【名师点睛,易错起源】
易错起源1、名词性从句中连接词的正确选用
例1.(2015·福建)—I wonder
Mary has kept her figure after all these years.
—By working out every day.
解析 句意:——我想知道玛丽这些年是如何保持了那么好的身材。——通过每天锻炼。考查宾语从句的连接词by doing可知是问的方式。
答案 how
He can’t answer the question
hegot the money.
A. what
B. that
C. how
D. where
【错误解答】
B
【错解分析】 许多考生知道这是一个同位语从句,在定性思维中认为同位语从句用出at引导,事实上同位语从句也可用when,where,why等来引导,不一定只用that.
【正确解答】
C
【名师点睛】
1.that引导名词性从句时,在从句中无意义,不作成分,只起到连接作用,在宾语从句中可省略。
He told me (that) he would leave soon.
2.what与出at在名词性从句中的区别。
Right:What he said was true.
这是一个主语从句,what在从句中作动词said的宾词,意思是:“……话”或“……事”,此句中不能用that。
That he came late made the teacher angry.
这个句子还是主语从句。从句中意思完整,所以用that来引导,起到一个标志作用。
易错起源2、宾语从句
例2.(2015·湖南)You have to know
you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.
答案 where
We find __ necessary __ we practise English every day.
A. it;/
B. it;that
C. it’s;/
D. it’s;that
【错误解答】 A或D
【错解分析】 许多考生认为necessary是一个形容词,故前面该用be动词。事实上当主语的谓动词为make, find,see等时,用it替换从句,此时it用作形式宾语。
【正确解答】 B
【名师点睛】
1.出at引导的宾语从句出at常用来引导宾语从句,通常that可以省略。
He has told me that he will go to Shanghaitomorrow.他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。
注意:在demand,order,suggest,decide等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后,hat从句 常用“(should)+动词原形”的结构。
2.wh-引导的宾语从句
I want to know what he has told you.我想知道他告诉了你什么。
【锦囊妙计,战胜自我】
形容词后所跟的宾语从句
某些动态形容词(afraid,confident,aware,certain,sure,doubtful等)在句中做表语时,后面可跟宾语从句。
例句:I am confident that I can get the job.我有信心我可以得到这份工作。
易错起源3、 that和wh-引导的主语从句
例3.2015·北京)I truly believe
beauty comes from within.
解析 句意:我真的相信美来自人的内心。宾语从句意思完整只缺连接词故用that。答案 that
After Yany Liwei succeeded in circling the earth,
our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.
A. where
B. what
C. that
D. how
【错误解答】
C或D
【正确解答】
B
【名师点睛】
(1)that引导的主语从句
that引导的主语从句既可以放在句首也可以放在句末,在实际应用中常常采用it形式主语形式。
That he passed the English test is true.→
It is true that he passed the English test.
(2)形式主语的四个主要句型
It + be + 名词 + that从句
It is a pity that...可惜的是,用于此句型的名词还有fact/shame/honor/question等。
It + be + 形容词 + that从句
It is certain that...很肯定,可用于此句型的形容词还有clear/better/natural/important/neeessary.
It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句
It is said that...据说,可用于此句型的过去分词还有believed/known/reported等。
It + 不及物动词 + that从句
如: It seems that...好像是……似乎……
可用于此句型的不及物动词还有happen,appear等。
易错起源4、 表语从句、同位语从句
例4.(2015·安徽)A ship in harbor is safe, but that's not
ships are built for.
解析 句意:船停放在海港里是很安全的但这并非建造船的目的。该题考查表语从句。isn't后跟从句作表语表语从句中的for后缺少宾语用what引导与for连用表示目的。What在句中既作连接词又作for的宾语。
答案 what
A stroy goes __ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being
surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.
A. when
B. where
C. what
D. that
【错误解答】
C
【错解分析】 同位语从句考查。本题若从句紧跟在 story后面,就比较容易看出成分,而为避免句子头重脚轻,把story与它的同位语分隔开了;where,when,what不引导同位语从句,故最佳选项为D。类似的句子还有: Word came that the Mayor would come to visit our school。
【正确解答】
D
【名师点睛】
1.that引导的表语从句
基本结构:主语 + 系动词 + that从句例句:
The fact is that we have lost the game.
2.wh-疑问词引导的表语从句
That is why I tell you the news.那就是我为什么告诉你这个消息的原因。
3.从属连词as if,boecause,just as等引导的表语从句
It is because I have ever heard of the story.那是因为我曾经听说过这个故事。
【锦囊妙计,战胜自我】
同位语从句通常由that引导,可用于同位语从句的名词有advice,demand,doubt,fact,hope,idea, information,message,news,order,problem,promise, question,repuest,suggestion,truth,wish,word等。
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